人教版新目標(biāo)高考英語第二輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)五

專題五形容詞和副詞I、重點難點解析形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的常用句型及用法。系動詞后接形容詞作表語和一些常用副詞(seldom,even,enough,never,hardly)也是高考熱點之一。一形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的常用句型名稱句型例句相等as+原級+asThetraintravelsasfastasthe3：55train．a(chǎn)s+原級+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+asHeisashonestamanasyou.asmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+asasmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+asIhaveasmanybooksasyou.倍數(shù)+as+原級+名詞+asMyroomistwiceasbigasmybrother’s.不及notas/so+原級+asSheisnotas/sobeautifulashersister．超越1．比較級+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth．2．the+比較級+ofthetwo兩者中較……的一個Heisthetallerofthetwo．用于否定no+比較級+than和……一樣不HeisnoricherthanI．他和我一樣不富有。用于否定再……不過（可譯為“非常，十分”）Hisworkcouldn’tbeworse．他的工作再糟糕不過了。程度遞增-erand-er，moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞原級(越來越……)higherandhigher;moreandmoreimportant兩種情況同時變化the+比較級，the+比較級(越……，越……)Thequickeryougetready，thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave．三者或三者以上比較the+最高級+of／in+比較范圍(…之中最…)Ofallthingsintheworld，peoplearethemostprecious.二比較級結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語1用于原級之前almost,nearly,just,quite,half,twice,threetimes,etcTheriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.2用于比較級前1)many,afew(用于“more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前)Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.2)alot,much,even,still,far,agreatdeal,rather,twoyears,5%,twice,etc.Mydeskmateisevenfatterthanme.3用于最高級前thevery,muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/secondThiscakeisbyfarthelargestintheworld.三兩種形式的副詞，一個與形容詞同形，一個以ly結(jié)尾。1hardhardlyhard勸告；刻苦地；猛烈地；困難地Hestudiesveryhard.他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。hardly幾乎不；簡直不Wehardlyhadtimetoeatbreakfast.我們簡直沒時間吃早飯。2highhighlyhigh高高地；地位高；聲音高Theplaneflieshigh.飛機(jī)飛得很高h(yuǎn)ighly高度地；非常(常和praise,speak等動詞連用)Theyspokeveryhighlyofhim.他們稱贊他。3deepdeeplydeep修飾具體動作時，往往兩個詞可換用，但多用deepTheyhadtodigverydeep(deeply)inordertofindwater.他們必須挖得很深，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)水。表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時只用deep(此時多與介詞、副詞連用)。Themeetingcontinueddeepintothenight.會議持續(xù)到了深夜。deeply修飾形容詞或過去分詞只能用deeply。Iamdeeplygratefultoyou.我非常感謝你。deeply可與hate,dislike,regret,admire,love,value等動詞連用，但不能與動詞like連用。Ideeplyregrethisdeath.我對他的去世深感遺憾。4latelatelylate遲；晚。Thebusarrived5minuteslate.公共汽車遲到了五分鐘。lately最近；不久前(同recently)。Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?最近你在做什么?aslateas與aslatelyas都有“近至；直到”之意，用法相同。Isawhimaslate(lately)asyesterday.直到昨天我才看見他。5nearnearlynear近；臨近；在附近。Thetraincamenearerandnearer.火車越來越近了。nearly幾乎；差不多；將近。Itisnearlyteno'clock.差不多十點鐘了。6closecloselyclose靠近；挨近；接近。ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.走近點以便我能看清你。closely緊密地；緊緊地；秘密地；仔細(xì)地；嚴(yán)密地。Wefollowedcloselyafterhim.我們緊緊地跟在他后面。四以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞：1表示時間的形容詞hourly,daily,nightly,weekly,monthly,quarterly,yearly,early,timely及時的。Thistheatregivesanightlyperformance.2表示人的形容詞manly男子氣的，womanly女人氣的，wifely妻子似的，fatherly父親般的，childly孩子般的，comradely同志式的Whatarewifelyduties?什么是做妻子的責(zé)任?3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞lovely,friendly,ugly,lively,lonely,friendly,unfriendly,kindly,sickly,poorly,elderly年長的，homely不漂亮的、樸實的。Childrenareusuallylively.4表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞likely可能的，orderly整齊的，costly花費(fèi)大的，deadly致命的，mannerly有貌的，chilly涼的，disorderly亂七八糟的,unlikely不可能的。Pleaseleaveourclassroominanorderlyway.讓我們的教室整整齊齊的。五senior,junior,superior,inferior等詞與to連用1能與to連用，但不能與than連用superior優(yōu)秀的，高級的(反義詞inferior)。Thisrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek．這家飯館比我們上周毒的那家好。senior年長的，地位高的，資格老的(反義詞junior).Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.她在公司里比其他人資格都要老。2既不能與than連用，又不能與to連用的major主要的minor次要的，表示不太重要或較次要。Theyoungactresswasgivenaminorpartinthenewplay．年輕的女演員在這部新戲里被分配擔(dān)任一個小角色。Theinfectionisfairlyminor,nothingtoworryabout．感染不嚴(yán)重，用不著擔(dān)心。六某些以a開頭的表語形容詞以a-開頭的只能作表語的形容詞還有afraid,alone,asleep,alive,alike等。特殊用法1)alive“活著的，活的”是表語形容詞，既可指人又可指物，有時可與living互換。Heisdead,buthisdogisstillalive/living.他死了，但他的狗仍然活著。 2)alive作定語一般放在所修飾的名詞后： Whoisthegreatestmanalive? 誰是當(dāng)今活著的最偉大的人？ 3)alive可作賓語補(bǔ)足語： Let'skeepthefishalive.讓魚活著的吧。4)這類形容詞一般都不能用very修飾，但可用much或verymuch等修飾。不能說：Iamveryalone，只可以說Iammuchalone或verymuchalone。

七多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的排列順序大致為：限定詞(冠詞/代詞)→數(shù)詞→描繪形容詞→大小→形狀→新舊→年齡→顏色→國籍→材料＋名詞asmallroundwoodentable;anoldChinesestonebridge;theman’sfirsttwofamoussmallredFrenchoilpaintingsII、實戰(zhàn)演練填入適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~、副詞或用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Thenumberofthetreesthatthevillagersplantedlastyearreachedas__________as6,000,000.2. Therewasso_________smokethattheycouldn’tseeacrossthehallway.3. Mylittlebrotherisnotold___________togotoschool.4. Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando__________thanwait.5. Imustbegettingfat－Ican____________domytrousersup.6. Theyare__________littleinsectsthatwecannoteasilyseethemwithoureyes.7. Therewas__________littlefoodleftthenthatwehadtoturntothelocalpeopleforhelp.8. Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch___________shewasgetting.9. Ihaven’tseenthemovieandmybrotherhasn’t_____________.10. Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwill________believehim.11. Johnisverylazy.Hefalls________behindinhisstudies.12. Twopassengersfellintothesea.______________,neitherofthemcouldswim.13. Wetalked___________intothenightandIwas___________movedbyhiswords.(deep)14. Ifoundhistalkvery_____________andIwasreally_____________init.(interest)15. Whoisthegreatestpoet____________(live)?16. Themorewordsyouknow,the______________(easy)youcanread.17. Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_____________(little)desiretogotobed.18. Wehavea__________(month)rainfalloffourinchesinwinterhere.19. Heisbyfarthe___________(good)studentinhisclass.20. Ihavetwobrothersandbothofthemare___________thanme.My__________brothersarefriendlywithme.(old)答案：1.many 2.much 3.enough 4.other5.hardly 6.such 7.so 8.heavier 9.either 10.never11.far 12.Unluckily/Unfortunately 13.deep,eresting,interested 15.alive 16.themoreeasily17.theleast 18.monthly 19.best20.older,elder 二、語法填空用括號中所給詞語的正確形式填空。Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1(month)billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,“Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou’re55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!”Butthefatherexclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,don’tdoitnow;I’mtoobusy!”Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell2(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.3(Apologetic)thefathersaid,“Youcanfinishlater.”Theboysaidnothingbut4(quiet)walkedaway,5(disappoint).Thateveningthefathersaid,“Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Andrew!”Buttheboydidn’trespond.6(fortunate),theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote…“IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy7(thought)words,andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching.”Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe8(warm)acceptedoritwillbetakenas9(reject)andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore10(importance)thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.Becausetheremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy.答案：1.monthly2.silent3.Apologetically4.quietly5.disappointed6.Unfortunately7.thoughtless8.warmly9.rejection10.importantManypeoplethinkteachersgivepupilstoomuchhomework.Theysaythatitis1(necessary)forchildrentoworkathomeintheirfreetime.2theyarguethatmostteachersdonot3（proper）planthehomeworktaskstheygivetopupils.Theresultsarethatpupilshavetorepeattaskswhichtheyhave4doneatschool.5(Recent)RecentlyinGreecemanyparentscomplainedaboutthe6(difficulty)homeworkwhichteachersgavetotheirchildren.Theparentssaidthatmostofthehomeworkwas7(use),andtheywantedtostopit.SpainandTurkeyaretwocountrieswhichstoppedhomeworkrecently.InDenmark,GermanyandseveralothercountriesinEurope,teacherscannotsethomeworkatweekends.InHolland,teachersallowpupilstostayatschooltodotheirhomework.Thechildrencan8(free)helponeanother.SimilararrangementalsoexistsinsomeBritishschools.Mostpeopleagreethathomeworkisnotfair.Apupilwhocandohishomeworkinaquietand9（comfort）roomisinamuch10(good)positionthanapupilwhodoeshishomeworkinasmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon.Someparentsarereadytohelptheirchildrenwiththeirhomework.Butotherparentseventakenointerestatallintheirchildren’shomework.答案：1.unnecessary 2.Moreover 3.properly 4.already 5.Recently6.difficult 7.useless三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21-30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Onedayapoliceofficermanagedtogetsomefreshmushrooms(蘑菇).Hewasso21thathecookedthemandofferedtosharewithhisfellowofficers.“Letthedogtryapiecefirst,”suggestedone22officerwhowasafraidthatthemushroomsmightbe23.Thedogseemedtoenjoyhismushroom,andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrangebutquite24taste.Anhourlater,however,theywereall25whenthegardenerrushedinandsaid26thatthedogwasdead.Imme