高考英語語法專項(xiàng)講解冠詞(無)

高考英語語法專項(xiàng)講解-冠詞考點(diǎn)清單一不定冠詞的用法一、不定冠詞a,an的用法1.不定冠詞a(n)表示“某一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于some,譯為“一個(gè)”。-CouldyoutellmethewaytotheJohnsons,please?-請(qǐng)告訴我去約翰遜家怎么走?-Sorry,wedon’havetaJohnsonshereinhevillage.對(duì)不起,我們這個(gè)農(nóng)村里沒有一個(gè)叫約翰遜的人，2.不定冠詞a(n)用于抽象名詞前，意為“一種...的人或事”。Hesuddenlyappearedonarainynightwhichwasagreatsuprisetous他.在一個(gè)雨夜忽然出現(xiàn)，使我們特別吃驚。3.不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的不行數(shù)名詞前。astrongwind一場(chǎng)狂風(fēng)Thewalkisexpectedtolastallday,sobringapackedlunch.這段行程估計(jì)要走一整天，所以帶一份盒裝午餐。4.不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。Wehadaverycoldwinterlastyear.昨年我們度過了一個(gè)嚴(yán)寒的冬季。5."a/an+序數(shù)詞“不表示排序，表示“又一、再”?！?the+序數(shù)詞”表示排序!Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.為了找到一份更好的工,他決定再學(xué)習(xí)一門外語。6.不定冠詞a(n)用于形容詞最高等前非常較含義，表示程度,意為“很,特別”。Heisamostwiseman他.是一個(gè)特別英明的人。7.用于固定搭配中,如:asamatteroffact,inahurry,inaword,havea(n)...knowledgeof,havea/an...understandingof,awasteof,avarietyof,quiteafew,inaway,allofasudden,livea(n)+adj.+life等。Allofasudden,sheburstintotears她.忽然哭起來。Itisawasteofmoneytobuythatexpensivecar買.那么貴的汽車是浪費(fèi)金錢。二、a與an的用法差別a用于輔音前;an用于元音前。一般說來，元音字母發(fā)元音,輔音字母發(fā)輔音。但請(qǐng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：hour,honest,honor等詞的拼寫雖以輔音字母h開頭,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,所以，前面要用an.usefuluniversity,usual,united,Europen,one-eyed,one-way等單詞的拼寫固然以元音字母開始,但其讀音卻以輔音開頭,所以,前面要用a。3.英文字母前用a還是用an的問題:在26個(gè)英文字母中，a,e,i,o.f.h.l.m.n.r,s.x12個(gè)字母的音是以元音開頭的,其他字母的讀音則是以輔音開頭的。三、不定冠詞的地址冠詞一般放在名詞以前，名詞以前如有形容間，冠詞放在形容詞以前。以下狀況例外。不定冠詞用于以下副詞加形容詞以后.as,howhowever,so,too等.。例.Heisasgoodasoldierashewas.不定冠詞置于such,what,many,not,too,muchof等以后。例:Sheissuchagoodfriend.3.不定冠詞常用于quite和rather以后,但假如還有形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞既可放在第一位，也可放在第二位，但最常有的還是第二位。例:Itwasquite/ratheracoldday.同(Itwasaquite/rathercoldday.)4.當(dāng)名詞前的比較級(jí)被no,all,far,much等修飾時(shí),也要后置。例:HeisnolessamanthanthePresident他.最少是個(gè)校長(zhǎng)。5.假如名詞被副詞hardly，scarcely,barely,exactly所修飾,或和一個(gè)形容詞共同修飾時(shí),冠詞要放在上述副詞以后、形容詞以前。例:Thisishardlyarightthingtodo.[練全題點(diǎn)]單句語法填空J(rèn)ane'sgrandmotherhadwantedtowrite_________children'sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotintheway.Itissaidthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybe________DaVinci.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor_______while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.OurStandardCourseguarantees________significantincreaseinyourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage,withfocusedteachinginall4skillareas---speaking,listening,readingandwriting.5.---Whydidn'tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?---Well,youknowhe's______wetblanket.Lifeislike_____ocean:Onlythestrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.ThatdayIdidn'tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearnt______impressivelessonaboutgravity!Dogsare________verypopularpet.9.Eachweek,allstudentsingradesonethroughfivehave______one-hourChineseclass.考點(diǎn)清單二定冠詞的用法一、定冠詞的基本用法1.特指上文提到過的、特定的人或事物，或兩方都明確的人或事物。Ihaveacat.Thecatiswhite我.有一只貓。這只貓是白色的。Passmethebook,please請(qǐng).把那本書遞給我。2.指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物，以及發(fā)明創(chuàng)立的東西。theearth地球thesun太陽theEquator赤道thesolarsystem太陽系theNorthPole北極themoon月球theMars火星theSouthPole南極Nooneknowsexactlyhowthemoonbegan,asithappenedsolongago.沒有人確實(shí)地知道月球是如何開始形成的，由于在許久以前它就形成了。3.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞、副詞的最高等前。GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstPresidentoftheUS.喬治●華盛頓是美國(guó)第一任總統(tǒng)。Laurawasthelastpersonwewouldhavesuspected.我們最不行能思疑的人是勞拉。Ofalltheboys,AlanisthebeststudentwhospeaksSpanish.在全部男孩子中，艾倫是西班牙語說最好的。特別點(diǎn)擊①定冠詞the還可用于起特定作用的比較級(jí)前。Billisthethinnerofthetwoboys.比爾是兩個(gè)男孩中較瘦的那個(gè)。①形容詞only,very,same,main等修飾名詞時(shí)前面也用定冠詞the.Becarefulwhencrossingthemainroad過.大馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。4.用于表示演奏的西洋樂器名詞前。Sheoftenplaysthepianointheclubintheevening她.夜晚常常在俱樂部彈鋼琴。特別點(diǎn)擊：①表示演奏的中公民族樂器名詞前無需加冠詞，如erhu(二胡).pipa(昆琶)等。①若不是從演奏角度來考慮，而不過說起樂器這類用具，則不必定用定冠詞，Heboughtapianoforhisson他.為兒子買了一架銅琴。5.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。TheSmithswentonaround-the-worldtrip.史密斯一家去全世界旅行了。TheWangswerewatchingTVwhenthelightswentoff.王先生一家人正在看電視，忽然停電了。6.用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，指一類人或事物。Thecat,likethedog,islikedbymanypeople貓.像狗相同遇到很多人的喜愛7.用在某些形容詞或某些分詞前，表示“某一類人或事物”Theimpossibleisoftentheuntried.不行能的事常常是未試試過的事。Thewoundedweretakengoodcareofinthehospital.傷員在醫(yī)院獲取了很好的照料。8.用在表示方向、地址、時(shí)間的名詞前。Ineverycountrythesunrisesintheeast太.陽不分國(guó)別，永久升自東方。Wesometimesplayfootballintheafternoon我.們有時(shí)下午踢足球。9.用在某些由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞及表示海洋、河流、山脈、群島、國(guó)家和黨派的專有名詞前。theYellowRiver黃河theUnitedKingdom英國(guó)theMiddleEast中東theTimes泰晤士報(bào)thePacificOcean太平洋theEnglishChannel英吉利海峽theGulfofMexico墨西哥灣thePhilippines菲律賓群島theAlps阿爾卑斯山脈theSecurityCouncil安搭理10.用在句型"the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...中”、表示“越-----就越----”Themoreyouhave,themoreyouwant擁.有的越多想要的就越多。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou'llmake你.越當(dāng)心出的錯(cuò)就越少、11.用于表示年份的復(fù)數(shù)形式或全部格前.表示.---世紀(jì).---年代”一Inthe1870s/1870's.whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hebegantolearnRussian.19世紀(jì)70年代,已經(jīng)50多歲的馬克思開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。12.用"by+the+表示計(jì)量單位的名詞”表示“......計(jì)算,按.........計(jì)算”Hepaystherentbythemonth他.按月付房租。bythepound按英磅bythefoot/yard按英尺/碼，bythehour/day/weekyear準(zhǔn)時(shí)/天/周/年13.在句型“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某一部位”中要用the(而不用人稱代詞)。Shehithimontheear她.打了他一記耳光。Thewomanhitthemaninthefaceandthemanstruckherontheback那個(gè)女人打了那個(gè)男太臉，那個(gè)男人打了她的背。Theoldmanledtheboybythehand那.位老人牽著男孩的手。特別點(diǎn)擊：在beredintheface(驗(yàn)紅),belameintherightlegs右腿瘸).bebindintheeye(眼睛失明）等結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前要用the.二、定冠詞用于固定搭配中allthetime向來alltheyearround一年駕頭atthesametime同時(shí)withthehelpof...的幫助下attheageof.....歲時(shí)inthemorning在上午inthemiddleof...的中間thedaybeforeyesterday前天ontheeveof....的前夜atthebeginning/endof.....開始/結(jié)束時(shí)thenextday第二天at/in/onthecornerof...的角上atthefootof.....的腳下atthebackof....后邊onthewayto在去...的路上ontheright/left在右側(cè)/左側(cè)atthetop/bottomof在...的頂部/底部allthesame完整-樣bytheway趁便問一下inthehabitof有做...的.習(xí)慣intheformof......的形式j(luò)ustthesame完整相同三、定冠詞的地址1.定冠詞平時(shí)放在all,both,double,exactly,just等詞以后。1offeredhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused.我給他雙倍的錢,但他還是不接受。2.定冠詞要放在half,twice,much等以后。Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.他為它付了雙倍的價(jià)錢。[練全題點(diǎn)]單句語法填空MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon_______PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavainthirteenthcentury.In______1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown.3.______morelearnedamanis,________moremodestheusuallybecomes.Theadobedwelings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven_______mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.5._______villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto______town.mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers分.詞作定潔。過去分詞衣你破動(dòng);此刻分Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays_______week,oftenlongintonight.7.______prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionis_______two-weekholidayinParis.8.Ican'ttellyou_______waytotheWilsons'becausewedon'thave______Wilsonhereinthevillage.Mostofthetime,wetendtobeafraidof______unknown.MyparentshadmovedtoEnglandfromIndiaduring_______1970s.Solving_____problemofplasticpollutionisimportant.Idon'trememberthefirsttwooperationsverywell,butIdorecall_______third.語法輕盈記憶定冠詞使用口訣世界獨(dú)一二次現(xiàn),序詞形容高級(jí)前;富人傷員按天算,方向樂器影劇院;群島河山江湖海,沙漠海峽與海灣。階級(jí)黨派國(guó)家名,善專復(fù)合姓氏前:組織集體和機(jī)關(guān)，朝代會(huì)議及報(bào)刊;雙知年代擊中臉,特指事物及習(xí)慣?？键c(diǎn)清單三零冠詞(不用冠詞的狀況)一、不用冠詞的狀況1.已有代詞作定語的名詞前Hisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.他的心因懼怕而狂跳不已。Thisismyaddress.Let'skeepintouch這.是我的地址。我們保持聯(lián)系吧。Doyouknowwhosethesebooksare?你知道這些書是誰的嗎?物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起來柔嫩。Musicisauniversallanguagewhichcanbringpeoplepleasure.音樂是一種能給人們帶來快樂的通用語言。3.表示人名、地名、國(guó)名、城市、街道和詞首為Mount的山及大多數(shù)湖泊的專有名詞前Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.中國(guó)是世界上最大的國(guó)家之一。HansChristianAndersenisafamousDenmarkwriterwhowritesstoriesforchildren.漢斯.克里斯蒂安.安徒生是丹麥有名的童話作家。WearegoingtoclimbMountTaitomorrow.我們明日去爬泰山。特別點(diǎn)擊①專有名詞表示“某一個(gè)特定”的人或物時(shí)，其前可用定冠詞。ChinaisnottheChinawhichitwasfiftyyearsago中.國(guó)不再是50年前的中國(guó)了。①專有名詞表示“一-....的人”時(shí)，其前可用不定冠詞。StephenHawkingisanEinsteinoftoday.史蒂芬●霍金是此刻的愛因斯坦。4.表示季節(jié)、月份、日期的名詞前Autumnistheharvestseasonoftheyear秋.天是一年中收獲的季節(jié)。MydaughterwasbornonFebruary15th,1997.我女兒出生于1997年2月15日。特別點(diǎn)擊表示特定意義的季節(jié)、日期和中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的名詞前常用定冠詞。Idon'tlikethespringofJinan;it'stoosandy我.不喜愛濟(jì)南的春季;風(fēng)沙太大了。TheMid-autumnFestival,theSpringFestivalandtheLanternFestivalarethethreeimportanttraditionalChinesefestivals.中秋節(jié)、春節(jié)和元宵節(jié)是中國(guó)三個(gè)重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。5.某些時(shí)間名詞前dawn,daybreak,dusk,sunrise,noon,midday,sunset,midnight等表示時(shí)間的名詞前平時(shí)不用冠詞,但這些詞表示詳盡意義時(shí)，前面可以用定冠詞。Atsunrise,westartedandatsunset,wearrivedatthatsmallvillage.我們?nèi)粘鰰r(shí)出發(fā)，日落時(shí)到達(dá)了那個(gè)小農(nóng)村。WeclimbedtothetopofMountTaitoseethesunrise我.們爬到泰山之巔看日出。6.在表示交通方式的“by+名詞"中的名詞前Hegoestoworkbybikeeveryday他.每天騎自行車去上班。Nowmanypeoplewanttotravelbyplane.此刻很多人想坐飛機(jī)去旅行.7.表示學(xué)科、三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前Manystudentshavelunchinschool很.多學(xué)生在學(xué)校吃午餐。Mysonenjoysplayingbasketballverymuch我.兒子很喜愛打籃球。特別點(diǎn)擊當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾或特指某頓飯時(shí)，可用冠詞。Ihadabiglunchyesterday.昨天我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。ThedinnergivenbyMr.Smithwasverynice史.密斯先生供給的晚飯真是美味。表示職位、頭銜的名詞前表示獨(dú)一無二的職位、頭銜的名詞在句中作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)足語或與姓氏連用時(shí)其前不用冠詞。Mr.Whitewaselectedchairmanofthecompany懷.特先生當(dāng)選為公司主席，ProfessorJacksonwillgiveusalectureonenvironmentprotecion.杰克遜教授將要給我們作有關(guān)環(huán)境保護(hù)的報(bào)告。9.表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Techerssouldencoungestudentstoaskmorequstions老.師應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓舞學(xué)生多問問題。Therearecars,buses,andbycyclescomingandgoingupanddownthestreets.街道上汽車，公交車、自行車來來常常。10.在as指引的退步狀語從句中作表語、被置于句首的名詞前Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings雖.然他是英豪，但他也有一些弊端。Expensivebookasitis,Ihavemadeupmymindtopurchaseit.盡管這本書貴,但我還是決定買下來。11.連系動(dòng)詞turn后作表語的名詞前Hasheturnedscientist?他成為科學(xué)家了嗎?特別點(diǎn)擊名詞前有修飾語時(shí)平時(shí)需要用冠詞;表示相贊同義的become后作表語的名詞前需用冠詞，Shewantedtobeadoctor,butlatersheturnedafamoussinger.她想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，結(jié)果此后卻成了一名有名的歌手。12.作“人類”講的man與作“信息”講的word前Mancanconquernature人.類能征服自然。Wordcamethatourteamwonthegame消.息傳來，我們隊(duì)贏了競(jìng)賽，13.-些固定短語中atcollege在上大學(xué)

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atdinner在吃飯athome在家里

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ingoodcondition狀況優(yōu)異ingoodorder井井有條

onbusiness因公出差

payattentionto注意[練全題點(diǎn)1]單句語法填空1.Tomis______Bill'sbestfriend,2、TheSmithsoftenhave_____lunchathalfpasttwelve.Ilike_____milkand_____orangejuiceverymuch.Gonearethedayswhen_____manconquered________nature.Theboysareplayingbasketballoverthereon_____playground.Theweatherhereisusuallywarmin_____spring,buttheweatherin_____springof2015wascold.It'simportanttokeep_________balanceddietandmake______roomforexercise.Wewenttothewestcoastby_____sea,travellingby_____day.Whenheleft_______college,hegotajobas_____doctorinhishometown.Hecameacrosshisoldfriendby_____chance,whoturned_______doctorin1998.Nosuch________placeexistsinmymemory.Whoisin_______chargeofthisproject?Sheoftentakes_______walkat______dawn.Shegoestoworkby______bikewhileIgotoworkon______foot.Heisstudying________Japanesenow.And________Japaneselanguageisdifficulttolearn.二、有無冠詞意義迥異的狀況在很多狀況中，名詞前有無冠詞意義有很大差別，常有的有:attable在吃飯atthetable在桌子旁atschool上學(xué)attheschool在學(xué)校byday白日bytheday按日計(jì)算gotobed上床睡覺gotothebed朝床邊走去}重視地址加thegotochurch做星期gotothechurch去教堂inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院inchargeof掌管inthechargeof由...掌管inplaceof代替intheplaceof....的地址上inoffice執(zhí)政intheoffice在辦公室內(nèi)inpossessionof據(jù)有inthepssessionof...古有l(wèi)eaveschool輟學(xué)leavetheschool走開學(xué)校outofquestion毫無疑問outofthequestion不行能twoofus我們中的兩個(gè)thetwoofus我們兩個(gè)infrontof....外面)的前面inthefrontof在...內(nèi)部)的前部[練全題點(diǎn)2]單句語法填空Thisshopisin_______chargeofMr.Greenandhiswifeisin_____chargeofthehousework.Robotswillnevertake_____placeofman.Tomwasillin______hospitalwhilehisparentswereat_____churchonSunday.It'soutof______questionthathecanpassthedrivingtest.forhehasbeentrainingforalongtimewhileit'soutof______questionformetopassthedrivingtest.Mr.Greenisin______possessionofagardenandthisstoreisin_______possessionofhimtoo.語法輕盈記憶零冠詞用法口訣以下狀況不用冠，名詞以前代詞限。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,球類學(xué)科和三餐。專有名詞不行數(shù),星期月份季節(jié)前。交通手段和節(jié)日,習(xí)語稱呼和頭銜。分層必刷練提分要義I.單句語法填空1.[2018.全國(guó)卷I]Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwentto_____countrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.2.[2018.全國(guó)卷II]As_____kid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons.3.[2018.全國(guó)卷]I’mface-to-facewiththegorillawhobeginsscreamingat____topofherlungs.4.[2017.全國(guó)卷I]As_______result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.5.[2017，浙江卷]ForPahlsson,itsreurnwas_______wonder.6.[2017.全國(guó)卷I]Instead,sheisearningf6.500adayas_____modelinNewYork.7.[河北五個(gè)一締盟二次聯(lián)考]Asyouknow,scienceplays____veryimportantroleinoureducation.8.[河北百校締盟聯(lián)考]Tabletenisisafast,demandingsportandhas_____mostplayersofallsportsintheworld.9.[江西名校學(xué)術(shù)締盟質(zhì)檢I]Myageputmeat_______disadvantage.Iusuallysurf_____net,readnewsandanythingIaminterestedin,check-emailsorchatwithotherpeople.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,______otheriswithmumsheneversuspects.Theclevercuriosityisneveraboutunimportantthingswhichhaveliteornothingtodowiththehappinessof_______public.________WorldWideWebisquicklybecomingtheworld’mostpopularmatchmaker(媒人）In1990.over100countriessigned______internationalagreementtomakeitillegaltobuyorsellivory.15.Alltoosoonitwastimetoleave.IrellyenjoyedmystayinXi'an.Itisindeedworth_____secondvisit.As____outgoinggirl,itismystrengthtogetalongwellwithmyclassmates.TheTeam-upCentrewilloffer______opportunitytoyoungsingerstoshowtheirtalentsinfrontof________audieneof5000.In_______eyesofchildren,playingontheInternetcanonlybringthem________greatfun.i9.Weplannedtoclimbthemountaintoday,butinsuch_____badweather,itseemsoutof______question.Nancycouldn'trememberwhenshefirstmetTony.Butshewassureitwas____Sunday,becauseeverybodywasat_____church.21.StudentsinSenior3areunder-greatstress,becausenoonewilltake_______riskoffailingintheCollegeEntranceExamination.Tom,ashyboy,wholacks_______confidence,doesn'tgetattentionhedeserves.Universityis_______mostworthwhiletimeofdiscoveryandlearning,anditisalsovery________enjoyableandvaluableexperienceforeveryoneofus.It's_____greatnewsforthedriverthatrunningayellowlightnolongerresultsin______6-pointpunishment,Joggingeverymormingis______goodhabit.Sticktoit,andyou'llmake_____greatprogress.26.Iftheirdisagreementcomesto_____head,youwillbefacedwith_______-unimaginablechallenge.27.Weallsighedwith____reliefwhen______planefinallylandedsafely.28.________Chimesegovemmenthasdecidedtointroducemoremeasurestoimprovethepublictransportsystemin_______country'scrowdedurbanareas.1.單句改錯(cuò)Hesaidhepaintedforapleasure.Theblogservesasopenpatformwhereyoucandolotsofthings.3.I'mgladyou'vebeenofferedtwosummerjobsatsametimeworkinginarestaurantandamuseum.Theythinkthattakingnoteswithcellphonesinsteadofbythehandcansavetime.Inourcountry,everychildhasthechancetoreceiveaneducation.Weallknowthatthemanisthemostdevelopedanimalintheworld.7.IcamebytheplaneandIhadalovelyjourney.Threemonthslater,Tomwaselectedthemonitorofourclass.I'mstudyingArabiclanguageatcollegenow.10.Whatgoodtimewehadlastnight!Wehaveamusicclassonceweek.Whatpityitisthatyouwon'tbebackbeforeIleave!.冠詞語篇訓(xùn)練[不需要用冠詞處劃斜線(/)](A)WhenIwalkeddown____1_____ThirdAvenue,as___2___rule,Iusedtolookintothewindowsof___3___oldshopthatsoldoldandbeautifulthings.SinceIoftentookmywalkaftertheclosingtime,Icuppedmyhandsagainst____4____windowstoget___5____smalllookatthetreasuresinside.Somethingslookedasiftheyhadnotbeencaredfor__6___longtime,butIknewtheirbeautywasstilltherebeneaththeirownsurface.Ieventhoughttheywere___7___m