2020年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀理解試題及答案(卷六)

2020年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀理解試題及答案（卷六）ChinesehavebeenintheUnitedStatesforalmosttwohundredyears.Infact.theChinesehadbusinessrelationswithHawaiipriortorelationswiththemainlandwhenHawaiiwasnotyetpartoftheUnitedStates.ButUnitedStatesinvestmentscontrolledthecapitalofHawaiiatthattime.In1788,ashipsailedfromGuangzhoutoHawaii.MostofthecrewmenwereChinese.TheywereconsideredthepioneersofHawaii.TheImmigrationCommissionreportedthatthefirstChinesearrivedintheUnitedStatesin1820.eightin1830andsevenhundredandeightyin1850.TheChinesepopulationgraduallyincreasedandreached64,199in1870.FormanyyearsitwascommonintheUnitedStatestoassociateChineseAmericanswithrestaurantsandlaundries.PeopledidnotrealizethattheChinesehadbeendrivenintotheseoccupationsbytheprejudiceanddiscriminationthatfacedtheminthiscountry.TheFirstChinesetoreachthemainlandUnitedStatescameduringtheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849.Likemostoftheotherpeoplethere,theyhadcometosearchforgold.Inthatlargelyunoccupiedland,themenstakedaclaimforthemselvesbyplacingmarkersintheground.However.eitherbecausetheChineseweresodifferentfromtheothersorbecausetheyworkedsopatientlythattheysometimessucceededinturningaseeminglyworthlessminingclaimintoaprofitableone,theybecamechescapegoatsoftheirenviouscompetitors.Theywereharassedinmanyways.Oftentheywerepreventedfromworkingtheirclaims;somelocalitiesevenpassedregulationsforbiddingthemtoownclaims.TheChinesethereforestartedtoseekoutotherwaysofearningaliving.Someofthembegantodochelaundryforthewhiteminers;otherssetupsmallrestaurants.(TherewerealmostnowomeninCaliforniainthosedays,andtheChinesefilledarealneedbydoingthis“woman's.)Somewenttoworkasfarmhandsorasfishermen.Intheearly1860'smanymoreChincsearrivedinCalifornia.Thistimethemenwereimportedasworkcrewstoconstructthefirsttranscontinentalrailroad.Theyweresorelyneededbecausetheworkwassostrenuousanddangerous,anditwascarriedoninsucharemotepartofthecountrythattherailroadcompanycouldnotfindotherlaborersforthejob.Asinthecaseoftheirpredecessors,theseChinesewerealmostallmales;andlikethem,too,theyencounteredagreatdealofprejudice.Thehostilitygrewespeciallystrongafrertherailroadprojectwascomplete,andtheimportedlaborersreturnedtoCalifornia-thousandsofthem,alloutofwork.Becausethereweresomanymoreofthemthistime,theseChinesedrewevenmoreattentionthantheearliergroupdid.Theyweresoverydifferentineveryrespect:intheirphysicalappearance,includingalong“atthebackoftheirotherwiseshavedheads;inthestrange,non-Westernclothestheywore;intheirspeech(fewhadlearnedEnglishsincetheyplannedtogobacktoChina);andintheirreligion.Theywerecontemptuouslycalled“heathen”becausethereweremanysacredimagesintheirhousesofworship.Whentimeswerehard.theywereblamedforworkingforlowerwagesandtakingjobsawayfromwhitemen.whowereinmanycasesrecentimmigrantsthemselves.Anti-Chineseriotsbrokeoutinseveralcities.culminatinginarsonandbloodshed.ChinesewerebarredfromusingthecourtsandalsofrombecomingAmericancitizens.CaliforniansbegantodemandthatnomoreChinesebepermittedtoentertheirstate.Finally.in1882.theypersuadedCongresstopasstheChineseExclusionAct,whichstoppedtheimmigrationofChineselaborers.ManyChinesererurnedtotheirhomeland,andtheirnumbersdeclinedsharplyintheearlypartofthiscentury.However.duringtheWorldWarII,whenChinawasanallyoftheUnitedStates.theExclusionlawswereended;asmallnumberofChinesewereallowedtoimmigrateeachyear,andChinesecouldbecomeAmericancitizens.In1965,inageneralrevisionofourimmigrationlaws,maymoreChinesewerepermittedtosettlehere,asdiscriminationagainstAsianim