歐洲文化入門練習(xí)與答案（第2編以后）

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TheBibleandChristianity

I.Fillinthefollowingblanks.

1.________givebirthtoChristianity.Bothoriginatedin_________.

2.TheancestorsoftheJewstobecalled“Hebrews〞,whichmeans__________.3.About1300B.C,theHebrewscametosettledown,knownas______atthattime.4.TheBibleisacollectionof_______________.

5.TheBibleconsiststwoparts:theNewTestamentandtheOldTestament.Theword

“Testament〞means________

6._____________isaboutthefinalwordsofMosestohispeople.7.Proverbisacollectionofmoralmaximsorsayingsof__________.8.Ecclesiastesisacollectionofsayingabout____________.

9.SongofSolomonisacollectionoflovepoems,depicting________________.10.________istheearliestprophetchronologically.

11.WhileinBabylon,inthe6thcenturyB.C,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formed__________topracticetheirreligion.

12.UnderthefamousscholarEzra,theywrotedownthelawsofMosesinfivebookscalled___________or__________intheChristianBible.13.TheOldTestamentwasoriginallywrittenin____________.

14.TheNewTestamentwasoriginallywritteninapopularformof____________.15.TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownasthe_________,asaccordingtothefictionalletteroftheAristeas,itwastranslatedby________translatorsin_______days.

16.ThemostancientextantLatinversionofthewholebibleisthe______,whichwasdonein383—405A.D.bySt.Jeromeincommonpeople?slanguage.II.ChoosetheBestAnswerforEachBlank.

1._________,theHebrewswanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.

A.some3580yearsagoB.some3800yearsago

C.some3780yearsagoD.some3600yearsago2._________broughttheHebrewsafelybacktoCanaan.

A.SaulB.DavidC.MosesD.Joshua3.ThehistoricalbooksdealingwithhistoryoftheHebrewpeoplefrom____to___.

A.1200B.C586B.CB.1300B.C586B.CC.1000B.C100.A.DC.1300B.C100A.D4.ThefirstkingtounitetheHebrewswasawarriorfarmernamed___________,

A.SaulB.DavidC.MosesD.Solomon

5.In392A.D.,emperor______madeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempire

andoutlawedallotherreligious.

A.TheodosiusB.ConstantineC.DiocletianD.Solomon

6.By1963,thewholeofthebiblehadbeentranslatedin____languagesandpartsinto_____languagesatotalof________,includingtribaltongues.A.2299731202B.2289741202C.2279751202D.2269761202

7.ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishbibleisthe“authorized〞or________version,firstpublishedin1611.

A.JohnWycliff?sB.WilliamTyndale?sC.KingJames?D.MilesConverdale?s8．TheOldTestamentisabout____________.

A.ThelawsofgodB.religiouswritingsC.doctrineofJesusChristD.primitivelaws9.TheNewTestamentisabout___________.

A.ThelawsofgodB.religiouswritingsC.doctrineofJesusChristD.primitivelaws10.__________isnotbelongtotheTenCommandments

A.ThoushaltnotkillB.neithershaltthoucommitadulteryC.neithershaltthoustealD.neithershaltnotthoulieIII.TrueorFalse

1.Christianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialreligiousintheworld.()

2.Leviticusisacollectionofprimitivelaws.()

3.BookofJobdescribeshowjobenduresallhissufferingsandstillkeepshisfaith

ingod.()

4.AbrahamledtheHebrewstothePromisedLand,whichroughlycorrespondsto

thepresentdayJerusalem.()

5.InAmoswecanhearclearlytheangryvoiceoflaboringpeople.()IV.Definition1.EdictofMilan2.TheProphets3.TheBookofDaniel4.Thelastsupper5.Leviticus

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatarethemainfeaturesofChristianity?

2.HowdidChristianitychangefromarebelliousanddisintegratingmovementtoaofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlandallotherreligion?

3.Inordertoholdtheirchurchtogether,Christiansdevelopedachurchorganization,whatkindoforganization?

4.CanyoumakeabriefcommentontheBible?

5.HowthetranslationsofthebibleinfluencetheEnglishliterature?KeyI.

1.JewishconditionPalestine2.Wanderers3.Canaan

4.Religiouswritings5.Agreement6.Deuteronom7.Practicalnature8.thepurposeoflife

9.everydaylifeinthecountryside10.Amos11.Synagogues12.TorahPentateuch13.Hebrew14.Greek

15.Septuagint727216.VulgateeditionII.

15BDAAA610BCABDIII.

151.F2.T3.T4.F5.TIV.

1.By305Diocletiangaveuphisefforttodestroytheyoungreligion.SoonawarbetweenrivalsforthethronefollowedandwaswonbyConstantine.He,whobelievedthatgodhadhelpedhiminwinningthebattle,issuedtheEdictofMilanin313.ItgrantedreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianlegal.

2.FormoreathousandyearsintheMiddleEasttherehadbeenaclassofpeopleknownas“prophets〞orthespokesmanofgod.earlierprophetslivedingroupsasdividedintotwoparts;theyareMajorProphetsandMinorProphets.

3.DanielisoneoftheMajorProphets,itisastorymixedwithvision,describinghowDanielandhisfriendsweretakenprisonertoBabylonafterthefallofJerusalemandhowtheyrefusedtocompromisetheirfaith.

4.TheLastSupperadaptedfromSt.John，theNewTestament，theBible.

ThestoryaboutJesusbeingbetrayedbyJudaswasknownasTheLastSupper5.AreligioushistoryoftheHebrewduringtheirflightfromEgypt,theperiodwhentheybegantoreceivegod?slawV.

1.a.OneisthatJesusChrististheSonofGod,andthatGodsenthimtoearthtolive

ashumanslive,sufferashumanssuffer,anddietoredeemmankind.

b.TheotheristhatGodgavehisonlybegottenson,sothatwhosoeverbelievesin

himshouldnotperish,buthaveeverlastinglife.

c.ThisRedeemer,Jesus,wasatoncedivineandtrulyhuman.Thus,attheheartofChristianityisthelifeofJesus:howhelivedanddiedtoredeemthewholehumanrace.

2.a.atthebeginningChristianitywasregardedasarebelliousanddisintegrating

movementandwassubjectedtofrequentpersecution.

b.ChristianitycontinuedtospreadsteadilyovertheMediterraneanregion.c..areligiousthatpromisedahappierlifeafterdeathattractedeverybodysuffering

hardlife.Itbegantodrawmenandwomenfromallclasses.d.by305Diocletiangaveuphisefforttodestroytheyoungreligion.

e.ConstantineissuedtheedictofMilanin313.Itgrantedreligiousfreedomtoall,andmadeChristianitylegal.

f.in392A.D.,emperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.

g.nowChristianityhadchangedfromanobjectofoppressiontoaweaponinthehandsoftherulingclasstocrushtheiropponents.

3.a.theyborrowedthestructureofthegovernmentoftheRomanEmpiretodevelop

achurchorganization.

b.By300A.D.eachlocalchurchcalledaparishandhadafulltimeleaderknownasapriest.

c.severalparishesweregroupedtogetherintoalargeunitcalleddiocese,whichwasheadedbyabishop.

d.themostimportantbishopswerecalledarchbishops.

e.andwithtimegoesonthearchbishopofromanbegantoclaimauthorityovertheotherarchbishops.

4.a.thebibleisthemostpopularbookinthecultureofmankind.

b.itistheessentialofwesterncivilization,havingshapedthewesterncivilization

moredecisivelythananythingelseeverwritten.c.itismorethanareligiousbook.

d.reflectingmostextensivelywesternideasandculture,thebibleisreallyan

encyclopedia.

e.allinone,itishistory,itisliterature,itisrecordofgreatminds.f.ithasleftanenormousinfluenceonthehumanrace.

5.a.ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheEnglishBibleandShakespearearetwogreat

reservoirsofModernEnglish.

b.Milton?sParadiseLost,Bunyan?sPilgrim?sProgress,Byron?sCain,uptothecontemporaryHemingway?sTheSunAlsoRises,andSteinbeck?sEastofEden.TheyarenotinfluencedwithouttheeffectoftheBible.

c.infactfewgreatEnglishandAmericanwritersoftheseventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth,andtwentiethcenturycanbereadandappreciatedwithsatisfactionwithoutasufficientknowledgeoftheBible.

DivisionThree

THEMIDDLEAGES

I.Fillinthefollowingblanks.

1.Inthelatefourthcentury,the__________fromAsiasweptintoEurope.

2.TheorganizationwhichplayedtheroleofunitingEuropewas__________,sotheperiodoftheMiddleAgesisalsocalled__________.

3.FeudalisminEuropeisasystemoflandholdingwiththepurposeof__________.4.__________wasthecentreofmedievallifeunderfeudalism.

5.Christianchurchwasdividedinto__________and__________aftertheyearof1054.

6.TheofficiallanguageoftheCatholicChurchwas__________.

7.ThefourgradesoftheleadershipintheChurchwere__________,__________,__________and__________.

8.TheTrinityinChristianityrefersto__________,__________and__________.9.ThemostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthoughtwas__________,who

livedinNorthAfricainthefifthcentury.

10.AugustineofHippohadtwomasterpiecesofworldrenown,whichare__________and__________.

11.St.Benedictfounded__________about529A.D.,inwhichthere?soneitemsaidthatpeoplewantingtomarryandhadtoobeytheordersofthe__________withoutquestion.

12.__________attackedtheChristianpilgrims,killingmanyofthemandsoldmanyothersasslaves.ThisresultofthenewsamongthewesternEuropeanChristianswasaseriesofholywarscalled__________.

13.__________wascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans〞bythePopein800forhewantedtoruleastheemperorofRomehaddoneinancienttimes.

14.DuringtheMiddleAges,__________and__________asthefalsescienceswerewellacceptedbythegeneralpublic.

15.GeoffreyChaucerlivedinthe14thcentury,whichiscalled“AgeofChaucer〞,andheisacclaimedas__________.

16.__________isthemostwell-knownofagroupofFrenchepics,whichtellshowRoland,oneofCharlemagne?swarriors,fightsin__________anddiesdefendingapassinthePyrenees.

II.ChoosetheBestAnswerforEachBlank.

1.AfteraGermanicgeneralkilledthelastRomanemperor,andintheplaceoftheancientRomerisedmanyGermanickingdoms,whichgrowintothenationsknownas__________.Whichonedoesnotbelongtothem?

A.EnglandB.FinlandC.SpainD.Italy2.Anoblestartedhiseducationasapageattheageof__________.A.sevenB.eightC.fourteenD.fifteen

3.After__________,theChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch.

A.800B.476C.732D.1054

4.WhosetranslationworkofBiblebecametheofficialLatinBibleusedbythe

RomanCatholicChurchofthisday?

A.AugustineB.KingJamesC.St.JeromeD.AlfredtheGreat5.WesternEuropeansweremainlydividedintothreeclassesunderfeudalism.Whichoneofthefollowingisnotoneofthem?

A.clergyB.lordsC.merchantsD.peasants

6.DuringthetimeofMiddleAges,__________doyouthinkhadthemostknowledgeoflearning.

A.knightsB.clergymenC.kingsD.nobles

7.TheonlywaytogetGod?sfavourtogettoheavenwassacrament.Themostimportantsacramentwas__________forrememberingandthankingChristofhisdeathforredeemingpeople.A.baptism

B.confirmationC.confessionD.HolyCommunion

8.AccordingtotheMedievalChurch,meatshouldnotbetouchedon__________,andon__________everyonewenttothechurchtoworshipGod.A.Friday,SundayB.Saturday,SundayC.Friday,SaturdayD.Sunday,Monday

9.TothepilgrimsofChristianity,JewishpeopleandMuslims,__________isthemostholyplaceforthemtofightwitheachother.

A.MeccaB.JerusalemC.CanaanD.Palestine

10.Christianpilgrimsheldaseriesofholywarscalledcrusades,andtherewereintotal__________chiefCrusadesgoingonabout200years.A.3B.5C.8D.1011.AlfredtheGreatisthekingof__________.

A.WessexB.EssexC.GreatBritainD.Wales12.St.TomasAquinaswasaphilosopherandtheologianfromthecountryof__________.

A.FranceB.SpainC.GreeceD.Italy

13.Literaryworks,suchasepic,weremostlywrittenin__________beforeMiddleAges.

A.FrenchB.LatinC.GreekD.Germanic

14.Grendalisoneofthemaincharactersofthe__________called__________.A.novel;CynewulfB.ballad;TheGestsofRobinHoodC.epic;BeowulfD.verse;Morted?Arthur

15.WhatlanguagedidDanteusetowritehismasterpieceofthegreatChristianpoem?

A.LatinB.FrenchC.OldEnglishD.Italian

16.ThewholeworkofTheCanterburyTalesconsistsofaprologueand__________talesin__________.

A.twenty-four;EnglishB.twenty-five;FrenchC.twenty-four;ItalianD.twenty-five;English

17.ThecharacteristicsofthearchitectureinthemedievalperioddoNOTinclude__________.

A.massivenessB.monumentalityC.ornatenessD.solidity18.Theleadingtypeofthearchitectureduringthistimeis__________,whichwasoftenadoptedinthechurch.

A.BaroqueB.GothicC.ByzantineD.Rococo19.OneofthemoststrikingmanifestationsofthesupremacyoftheNormanconquerorsofEnglandwastobeseeninthe__________.

A.languageB.religionC.politicsD.sociallife20.Inhisliterarydevelopment,Chaucerwasinfluencedbythreeliteratures.Whichoneisnottrue?

A.FrenchliteratureB.ItalianliteratureC.EnglishliteratureD.German