情態(tài)動詞 優(yōu)秀公開課

情態(tài)動詞（一）情態(tài)動詞的定義

情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。（二）情態(tài)動詞的特點1.情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義。2.情態(tài)動詞不能單獨做謂語，它必須和其他動詞的原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。3.情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化。（三）情態(tài)動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義1.情態(tài)動詞的基本句型肯定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形+......否定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形+......疑問句：情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+......2.情態(tài)動詞的意義must“必須”；can/could“能，會”；may/might“可以”；should“應(yīng)該”；would“愿，要”；haveto“不得不”；need“需要”（四）情態(tài)動詞的基本用法(could主要指過去時間)表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意為“能，能夠，會”:Twoeyescanseemorethanone.

兩只眼比一只眼看得清。表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）Hecan’t(couldn’t)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.

他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。表示允許：CanIhavealookatyournewpen?

我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。表示對現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài)的猜測，主要用于否定句和疑問句中或感嘆句中:Hecan’t(couldn’t)beoversixty.

他不可能超過六十歲。could表示比can更委婉客氣的提出問題或陳述看法，指的是現(xiàn)在時間。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?

幫我一把好嗎？2.may(might)1）表允許，詢問或說明一件事可不可以做，might指過去時間；但在疑問句中might也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語氣比may更委婉。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?

我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？在回答以may引起的問句時，肯定回答是一般可仍用may,或Yes,please./Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse.；否定回答根據(jù)說話人的語氣由強到弱分別選用mustnot(mustn’t)（禁止）/hadbetternot（最好別）/maynot（不行）2)may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那樣肯定。might可以指過去時間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。Hemaybeathome.

他可能在家。Theymightbehavingameeting,butI’mnotsure.

他們有可能在開會，不過我不肯定。3.must（haveto表示客觀需要）1）表示“必須”（主觀看法）時，用于肯定句或疑問句；用于否定句時表示“禁止”。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.

我們一切都必須循序漸進(jìn)地做。2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.

他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。3)must的疑問句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。4.should1）表責(zé)任或義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”，用于各種人稱。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.

你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計”等。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.

這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。1）表意愿,用于各種人稱。Iwilldoanythingforyou.

我愿為你做任何事。2)will在疑問句中用于第二人稱，表示詢問對方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱骔illyouclosethewindow?

請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？1）will的過去式，表示過去時間的“意志、意愿”。Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.

他們不讓他進(jìn)去因為他衣著破舊。IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.

我說過我愿意為你做任何事。2）would用于現(xiàn)在時間，表示比較委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?

再來杯啤酒好嗎？1)need作為情態(tài)動詞，主要用于否定句，疑問句；作為實義動詞可用于肯定句，否定句或疑問句中。Youneedn’ttelephonehimnow.

你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。2)回答由need引起的問句時，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答是用needn’t--NeedIcome?

--Yes,youmust.

--我需要來嗎？

--需要。情態(tài)動詞練習(xí)題(一)單項選擇1."__________Itakeitout?"

"I'msorry,you__________."

A.Could...couldn't

B.Might...mightnot

C.Could...can

D.May...can't2.Youwerestupidtoclimbthetree.You__________hurtyourself.

A.may

B.might

C.will

D.mighthave3.You__________thoseletters.Whydidn'tyou?

A.shouldpost

B.shouldhaveposted

C.musthaveposted

D.wouldpost.4.Allthelightsareon,theSmiths__________up.

A.mustget

B.isgetting

C.mustbegetting

D.wouldget5.He__________leadahorsetothewaterbuthe__________notmakeitdrink.

A.will...can

B.may...can

C.may...dares

D.dare...can6."Needwedothisjobnow?"

"Yes,__________."

A.youneed

B.youshould

C.youmust

D.youcan7.__________tohavelunchwithustoday?

A.Doyoulikes

B.Wouldyoulike

C.Willyouliked

D.Haveyouliked8.Hesaidthatyou__________watchTValltheeveningifyouwished.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.might9.-IsJohncomingbytrain?

--Heshould,buthe__________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.must

B.can

C.need

D.may10.Peter__________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.

A.must

B.can

C.may

D.will11.Michael__________beapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshort.

A.needn't

B.can't

C.shouldn't

D.won't12.Ithoughtyou__________behungry,soIhavebroughtyousomecakes.

A.may

B.might

C.can

D.could13.Comeon!We__________hurrybecausethereisn'tmuchtimeleft.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.need14.AmydidbestintheEnglishtest.She__________hardlastweek.

A.musthaveworking

B.shouldhaveworked

C.shouldwork

D.mustwork15.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

---Oh,didyou?You

__________withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed16.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack

__________behereatanymoment.

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can17.—Wouldyouliketodrinksomejuice?—,butIhavedrunkalotiftea.I’dlovetothinksoC.I’mafraidnotD.Idon’tthinkso.18.—MayIsmokehere?—No,you______!Look,thereisa“NOSMOKING”signhere.A.mayB.maynotC.needn’tD.mustn’t19.—Listen!Helenissinginginthenextroom.—It_____beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mayD.should20.—Whatdodriversdowhenthetrafficlightsturnred?—They______stopandwaittillthegreenlight.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need(二)根據(jù)語境用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空：1.“________Ileaveschoolnow?”“No,you_______cleantheclassroom.”’stimeforclass.You________stopplayingfootball,oryou_______belateforschool.3.“_______they