it做形式主語和形式賓語

一.It作形式主語常見句型動詞不定式，動名詞或主語從句作主語時，通常把它們放在謂語動詞前，而用it作形式主語，放到句首，it作形式主語時沒有具體的意義常見句型有:1.It+be+形容詞+主語從句，如:ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.2.It+be+名詞詞組+主語從句，這類名詞有:afact,apity,ashame,anhonourIt’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.LItremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot3.It+be+過去分詞+主語從句，這類過去分詞有:announced,believed,expectedhoped,decided,reported,said,shown等，如:Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.4.It+不及物動詞(seem，appear，happen等)+主語從句，這類不及物動詞有:appear,happen,seem等，如:VItseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.5.It+be+形容詞+forsb.)+動詞不定式這類句型常用形容詞easy,difficult,hard,important,possible，wise等作表語，有時今日候為了強調(diào)不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加forsb，如:這類句型常用形容詞easydifficult,hard,important,possible,wise等作表語，候為了強調(diào)不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加forsb，如:It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.這類形容詞有:casy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise6.It+be+形容詞+ofsb.+動詞不定式，這類形容詞常是表示心理品質(zhì),性格特征的形容詞,如:kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate來后等。某人和這些形容詞可以構成主系表結構。如:It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework=Youarekindtohelpme.Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.7.It+be+名詞詞組+動詞不定式，如:Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名詞或形容詞+動名詞，這類名詞和形容詞常常是:good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等，如:It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.9.It+take(sb.)+時間(金錢)+動詞不定式，如:Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever2.Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it5._____willtakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.A.ItB.IC.WeD.They6.Itisnousehis___there,thesituationishopelessnow.A.togoB.tobegoingC.goingD.havinggone7.Itisnevertoolatetolearn,____?A.isitB.isn’titC.doesitD.doesn’tit8._____isknowntoallthatShenzhouVILaunchedSuccessfullyA.AsB.WhatC.ItD.That9.____isreportedinthenewspaper,theEarthquakeincastChina'sJiangdProvincekilled13peopleA.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What10.____certainthathisinventionwillmakepeopie’slifeconvenient.A.That’sB.ThisisC.It’sD.What’s11.____thatthereisanotherfootballmatchontheairthisevening.A.ItsaysB.ItwassaidC.ItissaidD.Whatwassaid12.______thattheirdaughtergotanopportunitytostudyabroad.A.It’saexcitingnewsB.ThisisanexcitingnewsC.ThisisexitingnewsD.It’sexcitingnews參考答案:1--5BDDDA6--10CACAC11--12CD二.it作形式賓語時，可以代替三種形式:不定式、動名詞和賓語從句。it作形式賓語時，需具備兩個條件:①真正的賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句2)有賓語補足語具備了這兩個條件，形式賓語it一定要用。1.it代替不定式短語think/find/feel/consider/make/regard…+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththework.2.it代替動名詞短語(這只限于少數(shù)句型，在多數(shù)情況下用不定式時更多一些①Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.這位教授認為閱讀而不理解沒有益處。③Hefoundituseless(nouse)arguingwithhim.④Hethoughtitabsolutelysenselessattemptingtheimpossible.3.it代替賓語從句:Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled②Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.我想他們準是不會來的了。I’llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.我負責使一切都按時準備好。三、形式主語、形式突語零項練習1.It'seasier____than__A.say;doB.tosay,todoC.says,doesD.saying,doing2.Ittakesme30minutes____toschoolbybikeeverydayA.goingB.togoC.gocsD.go3.It’snoteasy_____us__aforeignanguage.A.for;learningB.of;learningC.of;tolearnD.for;tolearn4.Childrenfind__interestingtoplaycomputergames.A.thatB.whichC.itD.it’s5.Doyouthinkitimportant__computerwell?A.playB.playsC.toplayD.playing6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbcforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Idon'tthink........possibletomasteraforeignlanguagememorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it8.Does____matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it10.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It11.Ihate___whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them12.Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.____happened___heisunfitfortheoffice.A.This;thatB.That;thatC.It;thatD.He;that14.Wetook_____forgrantedthattheywouldacceptouradvice.A.thatB.thisC.itD.them15._____thatthescientistwillgiveusatalknextmonth?A.IstrueB.IsittrueC.It’strueD.It’struly16.____doesn’tmattermuch__dressyouaregoingtowear.A.This;thatB.That;whoC.It;whichD.It;who17.__isgoingtoAmericaforfurtherstudy.A.HeissaidthatB.PeoplesaidthatheC.ItwassaidheD.Itissaidthathe18.Theyaregoodfriends._____isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It19.Is___possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it20.Sheliked___whenhekissedher.A.himB.thatC.oneD.it21.__willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.One22.Wethink__ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it23.I’dappreciate__ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you24.-Whatdoyou