自考00838語言與文化（17-19）真題試卷

2017年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試《語言與文化》試題課程代碼：00838第一部分選擇題(共30分)I.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichofthefouralternativesbestcompletesthestatement.(20%)1.Languageisinthatitisrule-governed.A.vocalB.systematicC.uniquelyhumanD.usedforcommunication2.Wesaythatcultureisaphenomenonwhenweemphasizethecontrastbetweensocietyandnature.A.socialB.intellectualC.nationalD.religious3.isadrinkofspiritsmixedwithothersorwithvariousflavourings.A.WhiskyB.CocktailC.BrandyD.Wine4.ThewordinEnglishfor"ayoungdog"isA.sowB.foalC.kittenD.puppy5.InEnglishquestionsareformedbyplacingtheauxiliaryormodalverbbeforethesubjectandgivingtherisingintonationattheendofthesentence.A.yes-noB.wh-C.alternativeD.tag6.TheonomatopoeicwordsinEnglishandChineseareusedaccordingtogrammaticalrules.A.thesameB.similarC.traditionalD.different7.WhichofthefollowingpersonalnamesarequitecommonamongtheChinesepeople?A.Namesofinfluentialfigures.B.Namesrelatedtohistoricalevents.C.Namesofone'sgrandparents.D.Namesassociatedwithreligion.8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisH01oftenusedforinvitation?A.Iwanttoaskyoutohavedinnerwithme.B.ShallwehavedinnertogethernextSunday?C.I'dliketoinviteyoutodinnernextSaturday.D.Iwaswonderingifyou'dliketocometodinnerwithmyfamilynextSaturday.9.TheEnglishsaying"Oxfordforlearning,Londonforwit,HullforwomenandYorkforhorses"isaproverbrelatedtoA.Greco-RomancivilizationB.navigationC.geographyD.individualism10."Marathon"isanallusionfromA.sportsB.historyC.literatureD.religion11.Thefollowingstatementsaremetaphoricalexpressionsaboutideas.WhichofthefollowingdoesN01indicatethatideasarepeople?A.Hisideaswillliveforever.B.Cognitivepsychologyisstillinitsinfancy.C.Theseedsofhisgreatideaswereplantedinhisyouth.D.Thetheoryofrelativitygavebirthtoanenormousnumberofideasinphysics.12.Ofthefollowingexpressionsinvolvingthecolourblue,""hassomepleasantassociations.A.havingthebluesB.abluefilmC.bluebloodD.blueribbon13.Peopleusepleasant,politeorharmlesssoundingwordsorexpressionstomaskharsh,rudeorinfamoustruths.ThesewordsorexpressionsaretermedasA.euphemismsB.honorificsC.taboosD.termsofhumility14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproperbirthdaygifttoanAmericanfriend?A.Abottleofwine.B.Abunchofflowers.C.A.best-sellerbook.D.Achinagodoflongevity.15.Text,whichreferstoanypieceofspokenorwrittenlanguage,canbeasshortasonewordlike""A.canB.stopC.willD.to16.Causalrelationscanbefoundin""A.I'dlovetojoinin.OnlyIdon'tknowhowtoplay.B.Allthefigureswerecorrect.Yetthetotalcameoutwrong.C.Iwasnotinformed.OtherwiseIshouldhavetakensomeaction.D.Allthistime,theguardwaslookingather,firstthroughatelescope,thenthroughamicroscope.17.AdistinctivefeatureofEnglishbrandnamesisthatmanyofthemsoundexotic,beingword~borrowedfromothercultures,suchasA.NikeB.RolexC.ChanelD.Poison18.AlargenumberoftechnicaltermscanbefounditlA.newspaperreportingB.brandnamesC.advertisementsD.Englishforscienceandtechnology19."Waggingone'sforefinger"isusedtoA.signifyimpatienceB.showdefianceC.meancominghereD.warnothersnottodosomething20.Doctors'touchingtheirpatientsfallsintothecategoryofA.socio-politetouchB.functional-professionaltouchC.love-intimacytouchD.friendship-warmthtouchII.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichalternativescancompletethestatement.Thereismorethanonecorrectanswertoeachquestion.(10%)21.Initsbroadsenseculturemayincludeasitscomponents.A.natureB.humanknowledgeC.valuesystemsD.materialsforhumanlife22.Wordssuchas""areborrowedfromFrench.A.bellyB.stomachC.finishD.complete23.ModemEuropeanlanguageshavefewergrammaticalmorphemesthansuchclassicallanguagesasA.LatinB.ChineseC.SanskritD.ancientGreek24.TherearesomefixedexpressionsthatareusedalmostexclusivelytogreetothersinEnglish.Whatarethey?A.Howdoyoudo?B.Howiseverything?C.Whereareyougoing?D.Goodmorning.25.""areidiomsinrelationtomannerism.A.Tosplitone'ssideswithlaughterB.Torideone'shighhorseC.TomissaboatD.Tokeepone'sowncompany26.Ofthefollowingmetaphoricalexpressions,whichareaboutlove?A.Thereisalwaysamarketforgoodideas.B.Theirmarriageisonthemend.C.Thereisincredibleenergyintheirrelationship.D.Therearetoomanyfactshereformetodigestthemall.27.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretheproperEnglishtranslationof"請?zhí)釋氋F意見"?A.Pleasegiveusyourcommentsorsuggestions.B.What'syouropinion?C.Couldyougiveusyourcommentsorsuggestions?D.Pleasemakevaluablecomments.28.Whichofthefollowingwordsorexpressionscanbeusedastextualconnectives?A.And.B.When.C.Well.D.Asaresult.29.ThepronunciationdifferencebetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishcanbefoundinthewords""A.roadB.askC.alsoD.wheel30.Westernersareoftenseentodrawacrossbytouchingtheforehead,breastandshoulderstoinvoketheblessingofChrist,whentheyareA.depressedB.shockedC.sadD.introuble第二部分非選擇題(共70分)III.Fillineachunderlinedspacewithaproperexpression.(20%)31.Whenwediscussthedefinitionofculture,institutionsmayincludesocioeconomic,politico-legal,marital,familialinstitutions,etc.32.AisamemberofanyChristianbodywhichseparatedfromtheRomanCatholicChurchattheReformation.33.relationsarefoundinconstructionswhosecomponentsarelinkedinmeaningratherthanthroughtheuseofconjunctions.34.InEnglishspeakingcountriesonecanpraisemembersofone~ownfamily,whilepeoplemayconsideritbadtasteinChina.Theaboveexampleshowsthatthereexistculturaldifferencesin35.Inmostlanguagespeopleenrichtheirspeechorwritingwithindirectreferencestocharactersoreventsfromculture.Suchindirectreferencesarecalled36.InbothEnglishandChineseblackisoftenassociatedwithqualities,asin"blacklist","blackmarket"and"black-hearted".37.Whenateachersaysthatastudenttakesoverother'sthingswithoutpermission,whatheactuallymeansisthatthechildmayother'sthings.38.lfthesentencesinatextareconnectedbygrammaticaland/orlexicalmeans,wesaythattheyexhibit39.InEnglishmedicinescannotbeadvertised,whileinChinamedicineadvertisementsappearinlargequantityinmassmedia.ThisfactshowstherearecontrastsunderlyingthelinguisticcontrastbetweenEnglishandChineseadvertising.40.NonverbalcommunicationisaprocessofcommunicationbymeansofnonverbalIV.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.(12%)41.Whatiscultureinitsnarrowsensecalled?42.WhatistheexpressioninBritishEnglishforashopthatsellsmedicines,toiletries,andvariousothersmallarticles?43.WhyarebrandnamesoftencoinagesinEnglishculture744.Whatisbodylanguage?V.Translation.(18%)45.aninetofivejob46.Youarewelcome.47.Thechildisfatheroftheman.VI.Discussthefollowingtopics.(20%)51.HowandwhydoEnglishandChinesespeakersanswerthenegativequestionsdifferently?52.Definethetenorandthevehicle,andillustratehowthetenorandthevehiclerelatetoeachotherinsimilesandmetaphors,byanalyzingthefollowingtwosentences.(1)Thogirllookslikehermother.(2)Thegirllookslikeanangel.

2018年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試《語言與文化》試題課程代碼：00838I.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichofthefouralternativesbestcompletesthestatement.1.Cultureisaphenomenoninthateachgenerationinheritsthecultureestablishedbyitsforefathers.A.historicalB.verbalC.communicativeD.human2.Cultureinitsbroadsenseisalsocalledculture.A.behaviouralB.anthropologicalC.academicD.smallc.3.ThesupremelegislativebodyoftheUnitedKingdomisA.primeministerB.supremecourtC.congressD.parliament4.Connotationsofwordsvaryfromculturetoculture.InChinese“宣傳”isaneutralterm.ItsproperEnglishequivalentisA.propagandaB.publicationC.conveyinginformationtoD.givingpublicityto5.Gerunds,participlesandinfinitivesinEnglisharecollectivelycalledA.auxiliaryverbsB.non-finiteverbsC.modalverbsD.linkingverbs6.Englishspeakerstendtobeanalyticthinkers.Incontrast,Chinesepeopletendtobethinkers.A.holisticB.logicalC.abstractD.deep7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthepersonalnamerelatedtoknowledge,authorityorfame?A.John.B.Abraham.C.Henry.D.Benjamin.8.TheEnglishspeakingpeoplewillsay""whentheyneedtopassinfrontofothers.A.IbegyourpardonB.I'msorryC.ExcusemeD.Nevermind9.Theidiomaticexpression"tohavetwoleftfeet"means""A.tojokeB.tocontinueworkinghardC.tojustmakeitD.tobeclumsy10."ARomeo"referstoahandsomeyoungman,passionate,dashing,whohasawaywithwomaninEnglishculture.ItisanallusionfromA.mythologyB.religionC.historyD.literature11.Sofarasideasareconcerned,whichofthefollowingChinesemetaphoricalexpressionsmakesthesameanalogyastheEnglishexpression"Hekeepsup-to-datebyreadingtheNewYorkReviewofBooks"?A．味同嚼蠟B．舊觀念復(fù)活C．新、舊觀念D．新思想萌芽12.Theredcolourisusuallyassociatedwithcelebrationsandjoyfuloccasions,asinthefollowingEnglishexpressionsEXCEPTA.aredletterdayB.theredlightdistrictC.paintthetownredD.theredcarpet13.Tosoundmodestandhumble,onemightuse“鄙人”astorefertohimselfinancienttimes.A.aeuphemismB.anhonorificC.atabooD.atermofhumility14.TheEnglisheuphemismfor"ugly"isA.slenderB.plainlookingC.skinnyD.physicallyhandicapped15.Whichconnectiveshouldbeputintotheblankinordertoshowadversativerelationbetweenthefollowingsentences?Forthewholeclayheclimbedupthesteepmountainside,ahnostwithoutstopping.hewashardlyawareofbeingtired.A.YetB.AndC.SoD.Then16.Ifonehasaconversationwithhiscolleaguesorclassmates,thespokenstylecanbeA.formalB.consultativeC.casualD.intimate17.TheuseofalargenumberoftechnicaltermsisthemostsalientfeatureofA.newspaperreportingB.brandnamesC.advertisementsD.Englishforscienceandtechnology18.AlltheplanetsgottheirnamesfromGreco-RomanmythologyEXCEPTA.MarsB.VenusC.EarthD.Mercury19.Yourfriendisgoingtohaveaninterviewforanewjob.Youmaytosignifygoodlucktohim.A.stampyourfootB.crossyourforefingerandmiddlefingerC.wagyourforefingerD.chewyourfingernails20.Publicterritoriesareopentoanyoneandareseldomunderconstantcontrolofanypersonorgroup,suchasA.mother'skitchenB.father'schairC.classroomseatsD.librarytablesII.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichalternativescancompletethestatement.Thereismorethanonecorrectanswertoeachquestion.21.ModelsfortheanalysisofculturemayincludeA.keyquestionsB.thethematicmodelC.sevenfacetsD.thesociologicalmodel22.SomeEnglishwordsarerelatedtotheAmericanhistorylike""A.dukeB.ContinentalCongressC.knightD.theMayFlower23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareTRUE?A.InEnglishalltheprefixesarederivationalmorphemes.B.'TheinflectionalmorphemesinEnglisharemainlywordendings.C.Theinflectionalmorphemesarealsocalledgrammaticalmorphemes.D.Whenattachedtowords,thederivationalmorphemesdonotchangethewordclassofthewords.24.Parentsselectnamesfortheirchildrenaccordingtotheirconceptsshapedbytheculturetheyarein.A.moralB.aestheticC.economicD.political25.Theproverbsrelatedtothriftare""A.FromsavingcomeshavingB.WivesandchildrenarebillsofchargesC.TellmoneyafteryourownfatherD.Frugalityisanestatealone26.Thefollowingexpressionsthatareassociatedwithvigorandenergyare""A.agreenoldageB.agreenhornC.green-eyedD.toremaingreenforever27.InEnglishculture,anythingrelatedtoprivacyorconsideredpersonalaretaboo,suchasA.incomeB.religiousbeliefC.familymemberD.hobbies28.Thesentencesinatextmaybelinkedbymeans.A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.iexicalD.theoretical29.ThepronunciationdifferencebetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishcanbefoundin""A.roadB.carC.heroD.chance30.Nonverbalmessagescanbeusedtoaccentoremphasizedistinctpointsinverbalmessages,suchasA.pausingbeforesayingsomethingB.sayingsomethinglouderthanusualC.sayingsomethingquickerD.speakinginalowervoicethanusualIII.Fillineachunderlinedspacewithaproperexpression.31.Languageisinthatthereisnologicalrelationshipbetweenlanguageelementsandtheirmeaning.32.ThewordfortheunioninoneGodheadofthreepersons,Father,SonandHolyGhostis33.TherearepassivesentencesinEnglish,whichareactiveinformbutpassiveinmeaning,asillustratedbythesentence"Thedoorlockseasily".34.Americansvaluehomemadeobjects.Toaskifsomething,food,clothesordecorationsoffurniture,ishomemadeisa35.Generally,phrasalverbsoccurofteninEnglish,whiletheircorrespondingsinglewordsarefrequentlyfoundinwriting.36.Aisadirectcomparisonbetweentwoormoreunlikethings,normallyintroducedby"like"or"as".37.Nowadays,mostnativespeakersofEnglishtrytoavoidsoundinglikeasexist.Forexample,isusedtoreplace"chairman"torefertoamaleorafemalewhopresidesameeting.38.Inanormaltextsentencesareconnectedeitherhypotacticallyor39.Englishisalanguagenotoriousforthenon-correspondencebetweenpronunciationandspelling.Onereasonisthattherearetoomanywordsfromotherlanguages,suchas"metre"fromFrench.40.Interpretationofnonverbalbehaviorsisdependent.IV.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.41.Whatdoescultureemphasizewhenitisdiscussedinitsnarrowsense?42.WhichofthefollowingwordsarepositiveinmeaninginEnglishbutpejorativeorneutralinChinese?ambitious,boss,do-gooder,self-mademan,individualism43.ExplainhowEnglishandChineseadvertisingdiffer.44.Whatfunctionsdononverbalmessageshaveinhumancommunication?V.Translation.45．他渾身哆嗦，臉色蒼白，步履緩慢，好像一動就疼痛。46．請別掛，我看看他在不在。(電話用語)47.blacktea48.CarrycoalstoNewcastle.49.tomisstheboat50.yourage(translateitintoChinesehonourifics)VI.Discussthefollowingtopics.51.Defineaproverbandillustratehowproverbsarerelatedtoculture,byreferringtothefollowingsentences.(1)Manproposes,Goddisposes.謀事在人，成事在天。(2)平時不燒香，臨時抱佛腳。52.Howtodefine"commoncore"English?

2018年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試《語言與文化》試題課程代碼：00838I.Eachofthestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readfollowingincompleteeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichofthefouralternativesbestcompletesthestatement.(20%)1.Withouttheemergenceofmanwouldremainwhathewasoneortwomillionyearsago.A.cultureB.speechC.languageD.thinking2.Whenwesaythatlanguageis,wemeanthatthelanguageisrulegoverned.A.systematicB.arbitraryC.vocalD.symbolic3.Therelationshipbetweenawordandanobjectintherealworldtowhichthewordrefersisthemeaningoftheword.A.connotativeB.socialC.affectiveD.conceptual4.Ifanentryinadictionaryconsistsoftwoormorewords,itwillbetreatedasaA.phraseB.clauseC.compoundD.sentence5.ThefollowingChinesesentencesareimplicitpassivesentencesEXCEPTA．花曬著太陽了。B．紅旗被插上了井岡山。C．濕衣服吹吹風(fēng)，干得快。D．道路加寬了，立交橋也修起來了。6.ThefollowingsentenceshavehypotacticrelationsEXCEPT""A.BreadandbutterismyfavoufitebreakfastB.ThemanranawaywhenhesawthedogC.JohnlovesMaryandMarylovesJohn,tooD.Heboughttea,coffee,eggs,milk,etc7."Flora"isaquitecommonEnglishname.Itbelongstonames.A.religiousB.weaponC.flowerD.knowledge8.InEnglishspeakingcountriessomeelderlypersonsmayuse""asavocativetoaddressayoungladwithoutmeaningtooffend.A.sonB.ladC.manD.buddy9.Themeaningoftheidiom"thecat'sgotyourtongue"is""A.you'rejokingB.you'reclumsyC.you'reveryquietD.you'reangry10.Thesentence"她是個王熙鳳式的人物"usesanallusionfromaChineseliteraryworkA.ThreeKingdomsB.DreamofRedMansionsC.WaterMarginD.PilgrimagetotheWest11.Inthesentence"Bringthechilddowntomeforaformight.Ihaveahugeoldgardenwherehecanbeasfreeasabird",thetenorisA.abirdB.afortnightC.ahugeoldgardenD.thechild12.Inthefollowingmetaphoricalexpressions,""showsideasarefood.A.Thatideawon'tsellB.That'sbuddingtheoryC.Wedon'tneedtospoon-feedourstudentsD.Thatcutsrightintotheheartofthatmatter13.TherearemorehonourificsinOrientallanguagethaninEuropeanlanguage,isparticularlyrichinhonourifics.A.ChineseB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.French14.Pleasant,politeorharmlesssoundingwordsorexpressionsthatareusedtomaskharsh,rudeorinfamoustruthsareA.honourificsB.termsofhumilityC.euphemismsD.taboos15.HypotacticrelationsatthesententiallevelrefertoconstructionswhosecomponentsarelinkedthroughtheuseofA.conjunctionsB.juxtapositionC.punctuationD.prepositions16.Forthewholedayheclimbedupthesteermountainside,almostwithoutstopping.Andinallthistimehemetnoone.Intheaboveexample,thelogicalrelationshipbetweenthesentencesisrelations.A.additiveB.adversativeC.causalD.temporal17.ThemoststrikingphoneticdifferencebetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishisthepronunciationof""inwords.A.aB.rC.iD.wh18.AdvertisementEnglishdiffersfromothervarietiesofEnglishinmanyways.Atactfuluseofhomophonescanbefoundinthefollowingadvertisement""A.NeverbathealoneB.I'mMOREsatisfied(cigarette)C.7dayswithout7-upmakeoneweak(beverage)D.We'vehiddenagardenfullofvegetableswhereyou'dneverexpectedinapie19.Nonverbalmessageswhichservethefunctionoftheverbalmessagesareonesthatcouldstandaloneiftheverbalmessageswerenotpresent.A.complementingB.repeatingC.contradictingD.regulating20.Whenaniteminthetargetnonverbalcommunicationsystemscorrespondsinbothformandmeaningtoaniteminthenativenonverbalcommunicationsystem,thelearnercansimplytheiteminhisorhernativenon-communicationsystemstothetargetones.A.associateB.transferC.interpretD.differentiateII.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichalternativescancompletethestatement.Thereismorethanonecorrectanswertoeachquestion.(10%)21.Thoughtistheofthehumanbrain.A.functionB.influenceC.productD.medium22.Theword"young"isassociatedwith""inEnglishculture.A.vigorousB.creativeC.inexperiencedD.flexible23.Whichofthewordshaveinflectionalmorphemes?A.running.B.eats.C.quickly.D.worked.24.Amongthefollowingformsofaddress,areNOTacceptedinEnglishculture.A.MayorStoneB.AccountantSmithC.TeacherJonesD.DirectorBlack25.Whatistrueaboutaproverb?A.Aproverbisabrieffamiliarmaximoffolkwisdom.B.Aproverbisusuallycompressedinmeaning.C.Aproverbcontainsscientificaccuracyratherthanfolkwisdom.D.Aproverbofteninvolvesaboldimageorajinglethatcatchesthememory.26.Metaphorscanbefoundinthesentence""A.ThatyoungmanisabearatmathematicsB.HeisasstrongasahorseC.HiswordsstabbedatherheartD.Poplookedsounhappy,almostlikeachildwhohaslosthispieceofcandy27."不敢當(dāng)"inChinesecanbetranslatedinto""A.It'sverykindofyoutosaysoB.YoupraisedmetoomuchC.NotreallyD.Thankyou28.Inwhichofthefollowingsentencescanparatacticrelationsbefound?A.Ibelieveheisanhonestman.B.Heboughttea,coffee,eggs,milk,etc.C.Themanranawaywhenhesawthedog.D.Breadandbutterismyfavouritebreakfast.29.WordsthatareusedinAmericanEnglishareA.barB.trousersC.flatD.candy30.Whichofthefollowingaretypicalexamplesofemblems?A.The"pointing"gesture,whenaccompanyinglanguage.B.Pattingone'spenorpencilonthedesk,rubbingone'sarms,nailbiting.C.The"salute"gesture(formedbybrisklybringingaflattenedhandtotherightsideoftheforehead).D.The"Ok"gesture(withone'sthumbandforefingerforminganOshapeandtheotherthreefingersstretchingout).III.Fillineachunderlinedspacewithaproperexpression.(20%)31.Themediumofverbalinteractioniswithoutwhichcooperationwouldbeimpossible.32.TheChineseequivalentfor"housewarming"isratherthan"室內(nèi)供暖"。33.ItisoftensaidthatEnglishisalanguagewithexplicitgrammarandChinesealanguagewithgrammar.34.InEnglishculture,"title+"vocativesarenormallyusedinformalsituations.35.Anidiomisaconstruction,expression,etc,havingameaningdifferentfromtheoneornotaccordingtotheusualpatternsofthelanguage.36.Adirectcomparisonbetweentwoormoreunlikethings,normallyintroducedby"like"or"as"isa37.Honourificsareusedtoshowtoone'sinterlocutorsandpersonsmentionedinconversations,whiletermsofhumilityareusedtoshowthespeaker'smodesty.38.InEnglishlettersofrequestandindeedinmostEnglishletters,theforwhichtheletteriswrittenprecedesthesupportinginformation.39.GenerallytheEnglishnewsreportservestoamusethereader,topresentapieceofnewsinalighttone,whiletheChinesenewsreportisalmostexclusively40.Human