高二英語寒假專題-名詞性從句精講精練人教版

高二英語寒假專題——名詞性從句精講精練人教版【本講教育信息】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容寒假專題：名詞性從句精講精練名詞往往在句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語和同位語。在復(fù)合句中，代替名詞充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語和同位語的句子統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句分為：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為五類：a.連詞：that（無任何詞意，不作成分，只起連接作用，賓語從句中?？墒÷裕?)Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.(表語從句)我的希望是她能很快康復(fù)。2)Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.（賓語從句）大家都希望她能很快康復(fù)。3)Thatshewillsoonbewellagainisourhope.（主語從句）她能很快康復(fù)是我們的希望。b.whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性，不作成分）1)Whetherheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.(主語從句，不能用if)2)Iwentinandaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapsuit.3)Iwonderwhether/ifhewillcomeinsuchbadweather.c.連接代詞：what,whatever,which,whichever,(在從句中作主語，賓語，表語，指物)1)____heneedismoretime.顯然，主語從句：he是主語，謂語動(dòng)詞need缺賓語，因此應(yīng)填what.2)Tellus___yousawandheardduringyourvisittothatuniversity.3)Thisisnot___Iwant.4)____somepeopleareagainstis___otherpeoplearefor.5)Thequestioniswhichteamwillwin.6)Ihavetwoapples,Idon’tknowwhichyouwant.歸納：what一般用于不知道內(nèi)容或范圍的句子；which“哪一個(gè)……”一般用于給出內(nèi)容或范圍的句子?？勺髦髡Z，賓語，表語，還可作定語。d.who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose（在從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語，指人）1)Whowillgiveusalectureisunknown.2)Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.e.連接副詞：when,where,how,why,whenever,however,wherever(在從句中作狀語)1)Ihavenoideahowhelearnedaboutit.2)Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.3)Whenhewillstartisnotknownyet.4)Thisiswhyheislate.注意：連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。（二）具體分類一）主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句叫主語從句。1)Thatyouareleavingisapity.你要走，真遺憾。2)Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。3)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。4)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。5)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。6)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名詞+that從句①It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遺憾我們不能去。②ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.英語正在被人們接受為國(guó)際語言，這是事實(shí)。③Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。（2）It+be+形容詞+that從句①Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.毫無疑問她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。②Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。③Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecture.下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎？（3）It+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句①ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。②ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地將一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星發(fā)射進(jìn)入軌道。（4）It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句①ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.愛麗絲似乎不來參加晚會(huì)。②IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧那天我外出了。（5）其他情況①Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否來無關(guān)緊要。②Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_會(huì)毫無區(qū)別。③Itsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.她突然想到,她忘記鎖門了。另注意：在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：a.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,funny,surprisingetc.)that…Itisimportantandnecessarythatwe(should)keepthebalanceofnature.我們要維持生態(tài)平衡，這很重要而且是必不可少的。b.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itisapitythatyou(should)misssuchagoodchance.真遺憾你竟然失去這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。c.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…It’ssuggestedthatwe(should)dotheexperimentasecondtime.有人建議我們?cè)僮鲆淮螌?shí)驗(yàn)。Exercises:1.____ispowerisafamoussayingknowntousall.A.Whatknowledge B.HowknowledgeC.Thatknowledge D.Whereknowledge2.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan___wehave.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what3.___troublesmeis___Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,that B.What,what C,That,what D.What,that4.___youneedtoimproveyourlisteningismorepractice.A.That B.What C.Why D.How5.Yourskirtisreallysplendid,but___weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.A.that B.what C.whether D.how6.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;because答案：1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A二）表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，可接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有：be,look,seem,sound,appear，remain等。1)Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。2)That’sjustwhatIwant.那正是我想要的。3)Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.問題是他們能否幫我們?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。4)Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。5)Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他不到會(huì)的原因。asif/asthough也可以用在連系動(dòng)詞后，引導(dǎo)表語從句。1)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。2)Atthattime,itseemsasifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?。注意：?dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.那是因?yàn)樗麤]有理解我。（That’sbecause...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因）2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。（That’swhy...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示，should可以省略。常見的詞有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal等。1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。2)Hisproposalwasthatthey(should)challengetheotherclassestoafriendlycompetition.他的提議是挑戰(zhàn)別的班級(jí)進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)友誼競(jìng)賽。1.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?A.why B.when C.what D.where3.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s___.A.whatmakesmefeelexcited B.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeel D.whenIfeelexcited4.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.___Igotwetenough.A.It’show B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’sthereason5.___makeshismothersurprisedwas___TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.A.What;that B.What;because C.That;what D.That;because6.___madememoresurprisedwas___thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;whether D.It;that7.Seetheflagonthetopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.A.when B.which C.where D.what8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how答案：1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.D8.B三）同位語從句（1）同位語從句用于對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，但也可以由連接代詞whether和連接副詞引導(dǎo)。1)Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。2)Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有解決。3)Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.我們是否要更多的時(shí)間來做這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題還未解決。（2）可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：1)Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。2)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.我們是否該繼續(xù)做這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)解決了。3)Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回家。注意：當(dāng)含有同位語從句的主句的謂語部分過短時(shí)，可以把謂語動(dòng)詞提前，使同位語從句與名詞隔開，以避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象。1)ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到的是瑪麗可能生病了。2)WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschoolhimself.有消息說總統(tǒng)先生將親自來視察我們學(xué)校。（3）使用虛擬語氣的同位語從句在一些表示“建議、勸告、命令”含義的名詞后的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示，should可以省略。1)Thisisourrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.盡快解決這個(gè)問題，這是我們唯一的要求。2)Hemadethesuggestionthatwe(should)gobytrain.他建議我們坐火車去。（4）有時(shí)可用namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,.(=thatis),forexample等引出同位語，說明其前面的名詞或代詞。1)Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.他告訴了我們這個(gè)好消息：博物館對(duì)外開放了。2)ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.要提高你的英語水平只有一個(gè)辦法，那就是多練。對(duì)比與用法同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：①that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，為關(guān)系代詞，代指先行詞，有實(shí)際意義，在句子中充當(dāng)句子成分，作賓語時(shí)可以省略；定語從句對(duì)名詞加以限制。②that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。同位語從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:1)Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）2)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）Exercises:isknowntousall,Williamhadbrokenhisword___hewouldgiveTomarise.A.As;that B.It;what C.It;that D.As;which2.Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionthatwe___lunchatthenewrestaurant?A.willhave B.aregoingtohaveC.wouldhave D.have3.AccordingtoBillGates,theidea___wecanplayvideoandreceiveE-mailwithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However,itisunclear___itwillbeonsaleand___itwillcost.A.which;that;what B./;whether;howmuchC.that;when;what D.that;that;howmuch4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethecomingmonth.A.which B.that C.what D.whether5.Thereisafeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.A.that B.which C.ofwhich D.what6.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars___roadconditionsneed___.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improving答案：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.A【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘）一、完形填空Todaywasthedayoftryingthenewboatontheriver.Nellajumpedoutofbed,gotdressedquicklyandwokeupherbrotherJed.After1NellaandJedarrivedattheriverbankand2thenewblueboatwaitingforthem.Theygotintotheboatandpackedtheirpicnicunderthe3.Nellastartedtheengineand4theywentintothewide,brownandunknown5oftheriver.Theboatsounded6roundabendintheriver.Onthedistantsandbanktheysawalongdarkcreature7inthesun.Itopenedoneeyeatthemandthensuddenlydisappearedintothe8“Whatwasthat?”shoutedJed.“Itlookedlikeacrocodiletome!”saidNella.“We’dbetterbe9.”Justastheycameroundthenext10theengine11andcametoastop.Nella12tostarttheengineagain.Butitwouldn’tstart.Theywere13.“Let’sgetthewoodenoars,”saidJed.“Maybewecanpushtheboatfree.”Theytriedbutfailed.“We’restuckona14,”saidNella.“We’lljusthavetositherehavingour15andwaitforthewaterto16.”“It’sboring!”saidJed.Suddenly,theyfelttheboatmove.Itmovedslowlyoffthesandbank.Andtheenginestartedagain.Justatthesametimetheynoticedablack17bytheboatsideandinnotimeitdisappearedinthebrownwaterahead.They18theirjourneydowntheriver.Itwassoexciting.Atnoontheysawasmallriver19offthemaincourse.Itwasn’tonthemap.“Let’s20inthere!”saidTheboatturnedintothesmallerchannel.Onbothsidesgrewthickunknowntrees.1.A.meal B.breakfast C.dinner D.lunch2.A.realized B.discovered C.found D.thought3.A.sun B.boat C.fire D.seat4.A.away B.around C.on D.up5.A.flow B.flood C.direction D.position6.A.smoothly B.normally C.badly D.hardly7.A.walking B.lying C.running D.sleeping8.A.sands B.woods C.air D.water9.A.serious B.brave C.careful D.slow10.A.bend B.river C.animal D.boat11.A.putout B.brokedown C.gavein D.gotoff12.A.planned B.managed C.intended D.tried13.A.stuck B.delayed C.stopped D.kept14.A.river B.creature C.sandbank D.stone15.A.rest B.picnic C.sightseeing D.fun16.A.fall B.come C.rise D.run17.A.snake B.fish C.shadow D.figure18.A.continued B.started C.ended D.went19.A.separating B.leading C.dividing D.leaving20.A.observe B.watch C.explore D.play二、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(A)Lastnightwasthelastgameformyeight-year-oldson’ssoccerteam.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthelead.Parentssurroundedtheplayground,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballsuddenlyrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnel.Withshoutsof“Kickit!”echoingacrosstheplayground,Mickeyturnedaroundandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allaroundmethecrowderupted.O’Donnelhadscored.Thentherewassilence.Mickeyhadscoredallright,butinthewronggoal,endingthegameinatie.Foramomenttherewasatotalhush.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome(唐氏綜合征)andforhimthereisnosuchthingasawronggoal.AllgoalswerecelebratedbyajoyoushugfromMickey.Hehadevenbeenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheyscored.ThesilencewasfinallybrokenwhenMickey,hisfacefilledwithjoy,huggedmysontightlyandshouted,“Iscored!Iscored.Everybodywon!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwouldreact.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,asmysonthrewuphishandintheclassichigh-fivesaluteandstartedchanting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joininginthechantandcongratulatinghimonhisgoalLaterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasatie.Everybodywon.”1.Whatwasthescoreofthesoccermatch?A.Twototwo,equaltoboththeteams.B.ThreetooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.C.Twotooneintheoppositeteam’sfavor.D.TwotooneinMickey’steam’sfavor.2.Theunderlinedword"hush"inParagraph3means.A.cheer B.cry C.laughter D.silence3.“WhatdidtheauthorworryaboutwhenMickeyscoredandhuggedhisson?A.Theresultofthematchwouldfailhisson.B.HissonwouldshoutatMickeyforhisgoal.C.Mickeywouldagainhugtheopposingplayers.D.HissonwouldunderstandMickey’swronggoal.4.WhydidMickeykickawronggoal?A.Helikedtheopposingplayers.B.Heoftenkickedthewronggoal.C.Hehadadisease.D.Hejustwantedtogetscores.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.bothteamslikedandrespectedMickeyB.bothteamswerethankfultoMickeyforhisgoalC.Mickeydidn’tmindthoughhisgoalwaswrongD.Mickeywasakind-heartedboyandhopedeverybodywon(B)AnAustraliancompany,SmartCarTechnologies,hasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey’respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailable,itcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.Theproduct,calledSpeedAlert,linksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver’sPDAorprogrammablemobilephone.Theset-upoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar’sspeedometer.Infact,itisentirelyportable.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimit,thespeedisshownandanalertsounds.MichaelPaine,anAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultant,washiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldare“veryenthusiastic”aboutwhatthey’renowcalling“intelligentspeedalert”.Othersresearch,accordingtoPaine,showsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:“Sincethesystemissoportable,itwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirement|orteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendriving.”Painesaid.“Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolations,soparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.”TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.6.What’sthepurposeofthenewproduct?A.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.B.Tointroducesomeimprovementsincars.C.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.D.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.7.Theunderlinedwords"lead-footeddrivers"refertotheones.A.whodrivetoocarelesslyB.thatdriveextremelyfastC.whoarepartlydisabledD.thatdrivetooslowly8.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.A.theprojectofthebuilt-inproductB.whythesystembecomespopularC.thefunctionsofGPSincarsD.howtheproductisprogrammed9.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.SpeedAlertandItsFutureUseB.ProgressinCar-makingScienceC.WarningforAdventurousDriversD.NewIn-CarDeviceagainstSpeeding(C)Flagsareflyingathalf-mastacrossChina.Chinaiscomingtotheendofanofficialperiodofmourningforthosewhodiedinlastweek’searthquakeinSichuanprovince.Forthreedays,therehavebeennoentertainmenteventsandthegovernmenthasdelayedtheOlympictorchrelay.Chineseofficialshavesaidthatthedeathtollfromthecatastrophehasnowrisentoover41,000.Over230,000peoplewereinjured.Alongwiththemanyaccountsofsufferingandloss,therehavebeenafewamazingstoriesofsurvival.ChinesenewsreportedtodaythatawomaninHongbaihasbeenrescuedafterbeingtrappedinatunnelforninedays.Shehasbeentakentohospitalandisexpectedtosurvive.However,hopesarequicklyfadingforthosewhoremaintrapped.AccordingtotheStateCouncilover32,000peoplearemissinginthequakearea.Therescueworkers’attentionisnowturningtowardstherecoveryofbodiesfromtherubble(瓦礫)andprovidingfood,shelteran