2022-2023年山東省濟寧市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題(含答案)

2022-2023年山東省濟寧市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Fourmonthsafterhecorrectedtheerror,Byrdwasarrestedbythepolicebecause______.

A.hewaswantedfordrugdealing

B.hedrovetoofast

C.hewasmistakenfordrugdealing

D.hewasfoundofdrugdealing

2.

AccordingtotheUNestimates,mostcountriesintheworldwillexperiencenegativepopulationgrowthin2040.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Itisadvisabletoeliminatethoseactivitiesthatare______andyoudon'tlike.

4.FoodandYourLifeStages

Thenutritionalneedsofthehumanbodychangeatdifferentlifestages.Tobefitandhealthy,itisimportanttotakeintoaccounttheextrademandsplacedonyourbodybythesechanges.Tomeetyourbody'sregularnutritionalneeds,youshouldconsume:

?Awidevarietyofnutritiousfoods;

?Dailysuppliesofwater;

?Enoughkilojoules(千焦耳)forenergy,withcarbohydratesasthepreferredsource;

?Adequateproteinforcellmaintenanceandrepair;

?Fat-solubleandwater-solublevitamins;

?Essentialminerals,suchasiron,calciumandzinc;

?Foodscontainingplant-derivedphoto-chemicals,whichmayprotectagainstheartdisease,diabetes,somecancers,arthritis(關節(jié)炎)andosteoporosis.

Avarieddietthatconcentratesonfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,legumes(豆類),dairyfoodsandleanmeatscanfulfillthesebasicrequirements.

BabiesfromBirthtoSixMonthsofAge

Infantsusuallyincreasetheirlengthby50percentandtheirweightby300percentbetweenbirthandoneyearofage.Breastmilkgenerallysuppliesababywiththerequiredamountsofnutrients,fluidsandenergyuptosixmonthsofage.Wherepossible,breastmilkispreferredtoformula,asitcontainsmanyprotectiveandimmunologicalfactorsthatbenefitthebaby'sdevelopment.

Breastmilkorcorrectlypreparedinfantformulaprovidesenoughwaterforahealthyinfanttoreplaceanywaterlosses.However,allinfantsneedextrawaterwhensolidfoodsareintroduced.

BabiesSixto12Months

Solidsshouldbeintroducedaroundsixmonthsofage.Asababyisgraduallyweaned(斷奶)fromthebreastorbottleandnewsolidsareintroduced,theremaybereducedbodystoresofironandvitaminsCandD.Tomaintainnutrientbodystores:

?Giveyourbabyfoodsthatarerichiniron,forexample,iron-enrichedinfantcereals.Iron-enrichedrice-basedcerealsarefrequentlyrecommendedasthefirstfoodtobeintroduced,asthereistheadditionalbenefitofhavingalowerriskofanallergicreaction.Wheatcerealsarenotrecommendedasthefirstfoodduetotheirallergyrisk.

?Fruitsandvegetablesshouldbeintroducedafterthecereals.Theyareimportantforvitaminandmineralcontentandtointroducenewtextures,tastesandcolors.

?Meat,poultryandfisharegenerallyintroducedlast.

?Don'taddsaltorsugartoyourbaby'sfood.

?Occasionalexposureoftheskintosunlightisusuallyenoughtoprovideababy'svitaminDrequirements.

YoungChildren

Duringchildhood,childrentendtovarytheirfoodintake(spontaneously)tocoincidewiththeirgrowthpatterns.Children'sfoodneedsvarywidely,dependingontheirgrowthandtheirlevelofphysicalactivity.Likeenergyneeds,achild'stotalprotein,vitaminandmineralrequirementsincreasewithage.Ideally,childrenshouldbeaccumulatingstoresofnutrientsinpreparationfortherapidgrowthspurtexperiencedduringadolescence.

Food-relatedproblemsforyoungchildrenincludebecomingoverweight,obesity,toothdecayandfoodsensitivities.Recommendationsinclude:

?Ifachildisputtingontoomuchbodyfat,limitenergy-dense,nutrient-poorsnackfoods.Increasingphysicalactivitywillalsohelp.Youcouldalsorestricttheamountoftelevisionwatching.

?Toothdecaycanbepreventedwithregularbrushingandvisitstothedentist.Avoidsugaryfoods,especiallyifstickyoracidic.

?Ensureyourchildhasenoughfluids,especiallymilkandwater.

ChildrenEnteringTheirTeenageYears

Thegrowthspurtaschildrenmove

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Thealternativetheauthorsuggestsisthatweshould______.

A.haveamoreplausibleideal

B.accepttheworldasitis

C.ignorethechangesoftheworld

D.devoteourselvestorealizingourideals

6.

OnlyasmallpercentageofAmerica'shighschoolseniorsplantomajorinengineeringatcollege.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

BoeingandWhirlpool,meanwhile,areworkingtomeetemissionsreductiontargetseventhough______.

8.

Thevalueofunderstandingthelanguageofaforeigncountryshouldnotbeover-estimated,thoughmanyblundersininternationaladvertisingresultdirectlyfromtranslationmistakes.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Inordertofillyourmindwithenjoyablemoments,youjustneedbringyourmindbackwhen______.

10.Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

11.

Subbaramansuggestedthatforeigninvestorsshouldattachimportanceoffivepointsthoughthereisalmostnotany______forsuccess.

12.

Studentscanfindreportsonanyvirtualtopicinthe______.

13.Evenontheirwaytodestinations,travelerscaneasilysurfInternetby802.11cardsifthereare______.

14.

InMarkTwain'slateryears,whathemainlydidwas______.

15.

Generallyspeaking,theessaystheundergraduateswritelookwordybutstilllogic.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

ManypeoplebelievedthatDrFreudfoundawayto______.

17.

Sarahbridgeshertwocultureswitheaseandshestillvalues______.

18.SoichiroHonda

ThefounderofHonda,SoichiroHondawasamechanicalengineerwithapassionformotorcycleandautomobileracing.Hondastartedhiscompanyin1946bybuildingmotorizedbicycleswithsmall,war-surplusengines.Hondawouldgrowtobecometheworld'sleadingmanufacturerofmotorcyclesandlateroneoftheleadingautomakers.Followingitsfounder'slead,Hondahasalwaysbeenaleaderintechnology,especiallyintheareaofenginedevelopment.

SoichiroHondawasdescribedasamaverick(特立獨行的人)inanationofconformists.Hemadeitapointtowearloudsuitsandwildlycoloredshirts.Aninventorbynaturewhooftenjoinedtheworkonthefloorsofhisfactoriesandresearchlaboratories,Hondadevelopedenginesthattransformedthemotorcycleintoaworldwidemeansoftransportation.

Bornin1906,HondagrewupinthetownofTenryu,Japan.Theeldestsonofablacksmithwhorepairedbicycles,theyoungSoichirohadonlyanelementaryschooleducationwhen,inhisteens,helefthometoseekhisfortuneinTokyo.Anautorepaircompanyhiredhimin1922,butforayearhewasforcedtoserveasababy-sitterfortheautoshop'sownerandhiswife.Whileemployedattheautoshop,however,Hondabuilthisownracingcarusinganoldaircraftengineandhandmadepartsandparticipatedinracing.Hisracingcareerwasshortlived,however.Hesufferedseriousinjuriesina1936crash.

By1937,Hondahadrecoveredfromhisinjuries.Heestablishedhisowncompany,manufacturingpistonrings,buthefoundthathelackedabasicknowledgeofcasting.Toobtainit,heenrolledinatechnicalhighschool,applyingtheoriesashelearnedthemintheclassroomstohisownfactory.Buthedidnotbothertotakeexaminationsattheschool.Informedthathewouldnotbegraduated,Hondacommentedthatadiplomawas"worthlessthanamovietheaterticket.Aticketguaranteesthatyoucangetintothetheater.Butadiplomadoesn'tguaranteethatyoucanmakealiving."

Honda'sburgeoningcompanymassproducedmetalpropellersduringWWⅡ,replacingwoodenones.AlliedbombingandanearthquakedestroyedmostofhisfactoryandhesoldwhatwaslefttoToyotain1945.

In1946,heestablishedtheHondaTechnicalResearchInstitutetomotorizebicycleswithsmall,war-surplusengines.ThesebikesbecameverypopularinJapan.Theinstitutesoonbeganmakingengines.RenamedHondaMotorin1948,thecompanybeganmanufacturingmotorcycles.BusinessexecutiveTakeoFujisawawashiredtomanagethecompanywhileHondafocusedonengineering.

In1951,HondabroughtouttheDreamTypeEmotorcycle,whichprovedanimmediatesuccessthankstoHonda'sinnovativeoverheadvalvedesign,ThesmallerF-typecub(1952)accountedfor70%ofJapan'smotorcycleproductionbytheendofthatyear.ApublicofferingandsupportfromMitsubishiBankallowedHondatoexpandandbeginexporting.TheversatileC100SuperCub,releasedin1958,becameaninternationalbestseller.

In1959,theAmericanHondaMotorwasfoundedandsoonbeganusingtheslogan,"YoumeetthenicestpeopleonaHonda,"tooffsetthestereotypeofmotorcyclistsduringthatperiod.ThoughthesmallbikesweredismissedbythedominantAmericanandBritishmanufacturersofthetime,theinexpensiveimportsbroughtnewridersintomotorcyclingandchangedtheindustryforeverintheUnitedStates.

Evertheracingenthusiast,Hondabeganenteringhiscompany'smotorcyclesindomesticJapaneseracesduringthe1950s.Inthemid-1950s,Hondadeclaredthathiscompanywouldsomedaywinworldchampionshipevents--adeclarationthatseemedunrealisticatthetime.

InJune1959,theHondaracingteambroughttheirfirstmotorbiketocompeteintheIsleofManTouristTrophyrace,thentheworld'smostpopularmotorcycle

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Apublicofferingandsupportfrom______allowedHondatoexpandhisbusinessandbegintoinvadetheinternationalmarket.

20.

Scientistsgatherinformationaboutclimatesystemsandusethisinformationto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(22)

A.Gooutfordinner.

B.Watchthedocumentarywiththeman.

C.Godancing.

D.Watchagameshow.

22.(35)

A.PeopleknowalmostnothingaboutShakespeare'searlylife.

B.ShakespearewasalreadywellknownbeforehewenttoLondon.

C.PeopleknowalotaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

D.PeopleknowonlyalittleaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

23.聽力原文：Peoplehavebeenpaintingpicturesforatleast30,000years.Theearliestpictureswerepaintedbypeoplewhohuntedanimals.Theyusedtopaintpicturesoftheanimalstheywantedtocatch.PicturesofthiskindhavebeenfoundonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpain.Nooneknowswhytheywerepaintedthere.Perhapsthepaintersthoughtthattheirpictureswouldhelpthemtocatchtheseanimals.Orperhapshumanbeingsalwayswantedtotellstoriesinpictures.

About5,000yearsagotheEgyptiansandotherpeopleintheNearEastbegantousepicturesasakindofwriting.Theydrewsimplepicturesorsignstorepresentthingsideas,andalsotorepresentthesoundsoftheirlanguage.Thesignsthesepeopleusedbecameakindofalphabet.

TheEgyptiansusedtorecordinformationandtotellstoriesbyputtingpicture-writingandpicturestogether.Whenanimportantpersondied,scenesandstoriesfromhislifewerepaintedandcarvedonthewallsoftheplacewherehewasburied.Someofthemarelikemoderncomic-stripstories.IthasbeensaidthatEgyptisthehomeofthecomicstrip.But,fortheEgyptians,picturesstillhadmagicpower.Sotheydidnettrytomaketheirwayofwritingsimple.Theordinarypeoplecouldnotunderstandit.

Bytheyear1000BC,peoplewholivedintheareaaroundtheMediterraneanSeahaddevelopedasimplersystemofwriting.Thesignstheyusedwereveryeasytowrite,andtherewerefewerofthemthanintheEgyptianssystem.Later,theRomanscopiedtheidea,andtheRomanalphabetisnowusedallovertheworld.

(30)

A.Becausetheywantedtorecordtheanimalstheycaught.

B.Becausetheywantedtomakestoriesabout,animal-hunting.

C.Becausethepainterswantedtoshowimagination.

D.Becausethepictureswerethoughttobehelpful.

24.聽力原文：Whathappenswhenamerchantdisplaysaniteminhisstorewindowwithapricetagonit?Mustthemerchantselltheitemifthemoneyisoffered?Itisafactoflawthatadisplayofgoodsinastorewindowisnotanoffertosellthosegoods,whichcanbeacceptedbyacustomersayinghewillbuythem.Instead,thedisplayisknownasaninvitationbythemerchanttoreceiveoffersfrompotentialcustomers.Thecustomermakestheoffertobuyandthemerchantmayacceptthatoffer.Thenthegoodsaresold.Butthemerchantneednotaccepttheoffer,andwithoutsuchacceptance,thecustomercannotobtainthegoodsorsuethemerchantfornotlettinghimhavethem.

Unlesstheselleracceptstheofferbytakingcashfromthecustomer,thesellerisallowedtochangehismind.Themerchantmaywanttotakebackthegoodsbecausetheyhavebeendisplayedbymistakeorhadthewrongpricewrittenonthem,andheorshewouldhavethelegalrighttodothis.

(30)

A.Ontheitem.

B.Inthestore.

C.Onthewindow.

D.Onthestall.

25.(24)

A.Itchangesthebody'smetabolismthroughrapidweightgain.

B.Ittricksthebodyintorespondingasifitwereinadifferenttimezone.

C.Itpromotesincreasedalertnessbyaddingsnackstothediet.

D.Itbuildsresistancetoillnessbyincreasingintakeofvitamins.

26.聽力原文：M:Didyoumakeyourdress?It'sveryelegant.

W:Icouldn'thavedoneallthistailoring.Ihaditmadedowntown.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(18)

A.Shemadeitherself.

B.Shehasatailormakeit.

C.Sheboughtitalongtimeago.

D.Shehasanoldonere-made.

27.(41)

28.(29)

A.Manywelcometheideaofhavingmorebarsonboard.

B.Manyprefertheferrytomaintainitspresentspeed.

C.Somesuggestimprovingthedesignofthedeck.

D.Someobjecttousinglargerluxuryboats.

29.聽力原文：M：Whatdoyouthinkofthegovernment'snewtaxcutproposal?

W：Thoughitmaygivesomebenefittothepoor,itskeycomponentistheeliminationoftaxondividends.Thatmeanstherichwillgetricher.

Q：Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthegovernment'staxcutproposal?

(18)

A.Itwillreducegovernmentrevenues.

B.Itwillstimulatebusinessactivities.

C.Itwillmainlybenefitthewealthy.

D.Itwillcutthestockholders'dividends.

30.(21)

A.Heworksattheuniversityhousingoffice.

B.Hehasmorethanonechild.

C.Hiswifeisagraduatestudent.

D.Heisafull-timestudent.

31.

【B5】

32.(32)

A.Travelinginacartothecampus.

B.Nohouseworktodo.

C.Somefreedomofchoosingaroommate.

D.Arrangethefurnitureatwill.

33.(15)

A.InCanada.

B.NotinCanada.

C.Intheirhomeland.

D.IntheU.S.

34.(28)

A.Fiftyundergroundstationsweremadewaterproof.

B.Afloodwallwasbuilt.

C.Analarmsystemwassetup.

D.Rescueteamswereformed.

35.(42)

36.

【B11】

37.(46)

38.(14)

A.Shewasaskedtoworkovertimeafterfivep.m.

B.Shewastoldherservicewouldnotbeneededanymore.

C.ShewasofferedanewjobbyhisbossMr.King.

D.Shewaswarnednottoleavethecompanyearlierthan5p.m.

39.(25)

A.Becausethey'requiteimpressivewithastrongeffect.

B.Becausetheyarenotsofrustratingasotherexpressions.

C.Becausetheyarepracticedandrepeatedonceandagain.

D.Becausetheyaremostpeople'sfavoritewords.

40.(34)

A.Wordgamesaboutstatesandtheircapitals.

B.Languagegames.

C.Gamesconcerninghistory.

D.Guessinggames.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.WhowillhavetherighttoaskforflexibleworkinghoursaftertheUKprogramislaunched?

A.Parentswithadultdisabledkids.

B.Parentswithchildrenyoungerthan16.

C.Parentswithhealthykidsunder18.

D.Parentswithchildrenolderthan6.

42.

Inthepassage,"bandwagonappeal"refersto______.

A.amassconsensusamongyoungpeople

B.auniversalwayofthinking

C.thepursuitofamoralcodeofbehavior

D.thedesiretosupportapopularcourseofaction

43.

Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprobablereasonforthelongerrepliesofPresidentKennedy?

A.Thereportersaskedsomedifficultandembarrassingquestions.

B.PresidentKennedyunconsciouslysoughtsocialintegrationwithotherpeople.

C.PresidentKennedywasimitatingthereporters.

D.PresidentKennedypreferredtalkingequilibriuminhisconversation.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Wewantedtogetinvolvedwithsomethingwherewecouldworkdirectlywithchildren,morehands-onthanfundraising.OurdaughtersaidshewastiredoflisteningtouscomplainabouthowsadtheTVnewsalwayswas,hownobodyhelpedmakeadifference.Itwasourtimetoeitherputuporshutup.Ofcourse,itwasexactlythepushweneededtogetstarted.Soshehelpedustodosomeresearch,andwelearnedhowthenon-profitorganization,CASA,helpschangeseeminglyforgottenchildren'slivesbyconnectingthemwithvolunteerCASAs(CourtAppointedSpecialAdvocates)whohelpthemnavigatetheimpersonalchildwelfareandlegalsystems.

Toooften,judgesmustmakedecisionseitherwithoutknowingmuchaboutthechildrenorwithinaccurateinformation.ACASAroleistoprovideinformationtothecourtsothatitcanmakeanintelligentdecision.ACASAbecomesanadvocateforthechildbothincourtandineverydaylife.Allthat'srequiredisawillingnesstohelpoutandsomecommonsense.Usually,thechildrenweworkwithdon'thaveanyonetostandupforthemorfightforthem,notonlyincourt,butalsoinmattersofeducation,health,andfamily.Wejustgoaheadanddowhateveralovingparentwoulddotogettheservicesthechildneeds.

Onecasewehadconcernedtwobrothers,StevenandThomas.Stevenwasknownforhisbadbehavior.Atthesametime,hewouldhardlyspeak.Itwasn'tuntilhegotplacedinalovingfosterhomethatwelearnedbehadahearingproblem.Soon,bearingaidsinbothearscorrectedalotofSteven'blems.Actually,itwasanamazingcaseallaround.Thisfosterfamilywantedtoadoptbothboys.Aswedugfurtherintothecase,welearnedayoungerbrothernobodyinthesystemseemedtobeawareof—Brian—wasinadifferentfosterhome.OncewefoundBrian,thecouplewhowantedtoadoptStevenandThomassaid,"We'lltakehim,too."

Sometimelater,wearrangedtomeettheboysatabowlingalleytoseehowtheyweredoing.Allthreeofthemcamerunninguptous,andStevenkepttalkingandtalkingandtalking.Hewantedtotelluseverythingthathadhappenedsincewe'dlastseenhim.Thehearingaidsdrewhimoutofhisshellsomuchthathisadoptiveparentsjokedandsaidwe'dcreatedamonster.It'sagoodfeelingwhenyouseeachildgofromoneextremetoanother.Notonlytheaffectionyouhaveforthem,butalsotheaffectiontheyshowyoumakesyoufeelasifyou'repartofthefamily.We'rereallyproudofthatcase.

Then,therewasMichael,amentallydisturbedbuywhowasverywithdrawnandforwhomChildrenandFamilyServicescouldn'tfindfosterplacement.Wehadbeentocourtwithhimmaybeadozentimesbefore,andwheneverwewent,wewouldtakehimtolunchtomakeitalittleeasierforhim.

Onetimewhenwewenttocourtandaskedthejudgeforpermissiontotakehimtolunch,anattorneyobjected,sayinghehadinformationthatMichaelwasgoingtorunawayandthatitwasn'tsafeforustotakehimout.Thejudgeaskedforourresponse.Allofasudden,Michaeljumpedup,andheyelledout,"Runaway?WhereamIgoingtorun?Noonewantsme!"Thejudgelookedatusandsaid,"Mr.andMrs.Forstadt,wouldyouliketotakehimtolunch?Wouldyouliketotakehimtodinner?Whereveryouwouldliketotakehim,bemyguest."

Sothat'swhatwedo.Wegointocourt.Thecaseloadsofbothattorneysandsocialworkersaresoimmensethattheyreallydon'thavethetimetospendwiththechildorknowmuchaboutthechildren'slives.ButaCASAknowsmoreaboutthesechildrenthananyoneinthecourtroom.Theinformation

A.morefundisneededforthosechildrenwhoneedhelp

B.theTVnewsiscallingfortheaudiencetotakeactiontohelpchildren

C.CASAisanorganizationdevotedtoraisefundforchildrenwhoneedhelp

D.CASAservesasamediumbetweenthechildrenwhoneedhelpandthewillingvolunteers

45.

Nowadaysthebossescanasktheworkerstotakethepolygraphtestsonlyundertheconditionthat______.

46.

Whensayingthat"Thesuccessofthegold-exchangestandard,however,dependedonthesuperiorpositionoftheUnitedStatesinworldtrade",theauthorismostprobablyreferringthat______.

A.underthissystem,theUnitedStateswasrequiredtolendmoneytoanycountrythatasked

B.underthissystem,theUnitedStateswastheonlycountryallowedtomaintaingoldreserves

C.tyingthevalueofmostcurrenciestoanyonecurrencyrequiresthatthecurrencybeStable

D.thegoldexchangestandardislessflexibleinmeetingcurrencydemandsthanthegoldstandard

47.

Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust______.

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.tellthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudentnumbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.Theuniversitieshavethreatenedtoimposeanadmissionfeeonstudentstoplugagapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesandscrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.

Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversities'threatbysettingupthemostfundamentalreviewofhighereducationforageneration,underanon-partytroubleshooter(調(diào)停人),SirRonDearing.

Oneinthreeschoolleaversentershighereducation,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.

Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney—butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.

Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,somethingthatiscommonelsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionarychangeinBritain.Universitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoanschemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfornow.TheyawaitDearing'sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate--somearealreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.

Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbeisunderthemicroscope.

Expertswonderhowmuchtheycanusecomputersinsteadofclassrooms,talkoftheneedforlifelonglearningandrefertostudentsas"consumers."

TheConfederation(聯(lián)盟)ofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers'organization,wantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitiononworldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthasdoubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperagrees,complainingchatqualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorialsupervisiongivingwayto"massproductionmethodsmoretypicalofEuropeanuniversities.

ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis______.

A.howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficulty

B.howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprises

C.howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnology

D.howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration

49.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisessentialtosuccessfulaging?

50.AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaUSlaboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AUSexecutivetellshisstaffhe'sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension(紛爭).AJapanesemanagerispromotedbyhisBritishpresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatrans-for.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement."Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowthey'refinallylookingatculture,"saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferingcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

"NevershowthesoletoanArab,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don'tthink'yes'means'yes',"adviseUSconsultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don'ts"isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints."Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,"accusedonesalesman."Iitookmeayearandahalf",sighedtheAmerican,"torealizethat'fair'tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally."

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation."HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,"saidhisUS.manager."Butinourcompany,we'reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He'smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe'dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisname,that'sanotherculturaldifference."

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn'tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors."Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalotofbaloney,"saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd.,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker."Now,Icanseeit'sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithouroffice."

That'swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

A.BuildingBridgesovertheCulturalRivers

B.MultinationalTrainingf