聚苯胺超級電容器性能

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——聚苯胺超級電容器性能

超級電容器

30Y.Yanetal./ElectrochimicaActa71(2023)27–32

Fig.4.Galvanostaticcharge-dischargecurvesof(a)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-1,(b)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2,and(c)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3atacurrentdensityof0.3Ag1withinthepotentialwindow0–0.8V.

increasingconcentrationofKMnO4aqueoussolution,morecarbonsiteswereoxidizedandahighportionofMnO2waslledintheporesofCMK-3.Therefore,thoughthePANIcontentisthesameinbothternarycomposites,bulkber-shapedPANIparticlesarefoundinPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3composite.

3.2.Electrochemicalproperties

Toinvestigatetheelectrochemicalperformanceoftheresultingternarycompositesaselectrodesforsupercapacitors,thegalvanos-taticcharge-dischargecurvesweremeasuredatacurrentdensityof0.3Ag1withinthepotentialwindow0–0.8V(Fig.4).Thespeciccapacitance(SC)ofelectrodematerialwascalculatedaccordingtothefollowingequation:

C2(It)=

where1Cisspeciccapacitance(Fg),Iisthecharge–dischargecurrent(A),tisthedischargetime(s),misthemassofactivemate-rial(g)withinoneelectrodeandVistheworkingvoltage(V).ThecalculatedSCis652,695and473Fg1forPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-1,PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2andPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3,respectively.Apparently,withtheincreasingofMnO2content,theSCoftheternarycompositesisenhancedasaresultoftheeffectiveelec-trochemicalutilizationofMnO2;whereasitstartstodecreasewithanexcessincreaseintheMnO2content(e.g.21%)duetothelowutilizationoftheactivematerialcausedbythepresenceofmassbulkPANIparticlesinPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-3composite.

TofurtherconrmtheadvantageoftheternarycompositeintheeffectiveelectrochemicalutilizationofMnO2,charge-dischargecurvesofpurePANI,PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2andPANI/CMK-3wereshowninFig.5a.ItisobviousthatbulkPANIexhibitsthepoorestelectrodeperformanceandtheSCisonly254Fg1duetothebulkparticlesleadingtothelowsurfacearea.ForPANI/CMK-3composite,thenanolayerofPANIcoatedontheCMK-3facili-tatestheutilizationofthePANIandtheSCofbinarycompositecanreach587Fg1.AsforPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2composite,itpossessesthehighestSCof695Fg1.TheenhancedSCmayduetothenanoparticlesofMnO2incorporatedintoCMK-3andthestabilizedinteractionbetweenCMK-3andPANI.Fig.5bshowstheCVcurvesofpurePANI,PANI/CMK-3andPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2at10mVs1.Asforbinaryandternarycomposites,therearetwocouplesofredoxpeaksinCVcurves,attributedtothe

redox

Fig.5.(A)Galvanostaticcharge-dischargecurvesof(a)PANI,(b)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2and(c)PANI/CMK-3atacurrentdensityof0.3Ag1withinthepotentialwindow0–0.8V;(B)Thecyclicvoltammetrycurvesof(a)PANI,(b)PANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2and(c)PANI/CMK-3at10mVs1.

transitionofPANIbetweenasemiconducingstate(leucoemeral-dineform)andaconductingstate(polaronicemeraldineform)andtheemeraldine-pernigraniline[30],whichresultsintheredoxcapacitance.TheuniformdispersionofPANInanolayeronCMK-3reducesthediffusionandmigrationlengthoftheelec-trolyteionsduringthefastcharge/dischargeprocessandincreasestheelectrochemicalutilizationofPANI[31].AndwhenMnO2nanoparticleswereincorporated,thelargercurrentresponseofternarycompositeelectrodeindicateshigherspeciccapacitancethanbinarycomposite,whichisinconsistentwiththeresultofCDcurves.Therefore,PANIcoatedontheCMK-3/MnO2particlescanrestraintheMnO2nanoparticlesfromreductive-dissolutionprocessandenhancestheirelectrochemicalutilizationinacidicmedium(1MH2SO4),andPANIitselfalsoprovidesanadditionalelectrochemicalactivitytotheternarycomposites[15].

ThecalculatedspeciccapacitancesofPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2andPANI/CMK-3compositesatdifferentcurrentdensitiesaresum-marizedinFig.6.Thespeciccapacitanceforbothcompositeelectrodesdecreaseswiththeincreaseofcharge/dischargecur-rentdensity.However,thecapacitanceofPANI/CMK-3/MnO2-2isalwaysmuchhigherthanthatofPANI/CMK-3,indicatingthatthedissolutionofMnO2nanoparticlesinacidicelectrolyteisrestrainedbytheprotectivecoatingofPANI,thusMnO2cancontributetohigh

超級電容器

32Y.Yanetal./ElectrochimicaActa71(2023)27–32

References

[1]M.Winter,R.J.Brodd,Chem.Rev.104(2023)4245.

[2]V.Subramanian,H.Zhu,R.Vajtai,P.M.Ajayan,B.Wei,J.Phys.Chem.B109

(2023)20237.

[3]V.Subramanian,H.W.Zhu,B.Q.Wei,http://.77mun.8(2023)827.[4]P.Simon,Y.Gogotsi,Nat.Mater.7(2023)845.

[5]J.H.Jiang,A.Kucernak,Electrochim.Acta47(2023)2381.[6]R.N.Reddy,R.G.Reddy,J.PowerSources124(2023)330.

[7]R.K.Sharma,H.S.Oh,Y.G.Shul,H.Kim,J.PowerSources173(2023)1024.[8]P.K.Nayak,N.Munichandraiah,Micropor.Mesopor.Mater.143(2023)206.[9]J.W.Long,C.P.Rhodes,A.L.Young,D.R.Rolison,NanoLett.3(2023)1155.

[10]S.Yoon,C.Lee,S.M.Oh,Y.K.Park,W.C.Choi,J.Non-cryst.Solids355(2023)252.[11]M.N.Patel,X.Q.Wang,B.Wilson,D.A.Ferrer,S.Dai,K.J.Stevenson,K.P.Johnston,

J.Mater.Chem.20(2023)390.

[12]X.P.Dong,W.H.Shen,J.L.Gu,L.M.Xiong,Y.F.Zhu,H.Li,J.L.Shi,J.Phys.Chem.B

110(2023)6015.

[13]S.M.Zhu,H.S.Zhou,M.Hibino,I.Honma,M.Ichihara,Adv.Funct.Mater.15

(2023)381.

[14]S.Nijjer,J.Thonstad,G.M.Haarberg,Electrochim.Acta46(2000)395.

[15]Jaidev,R.I.Jafri,A.K.Mishra,S.Ramaprabhu,J.Mater.Chem.21(2023)17601.[16]D.S.Dhawale,A.Vinu,C.D.Lokhande,Electrochim.Acta56(2023)9482.

[17]K.S.Ryu,K.M.Kim,N.G.Park,Y.J.Park,S.H.Chang,J.PowerSources103(2023)

305.

[18]D.S.Dhawale,D.P.Dubal,V.S.Jamadade,R.R.Salunkhe,C.D.Lokhande,Synth.

Met.160(2023)519.

[19]C.Z.Yuan,L.H.Su,B.Gao,X.G.Zhang,Electrochim.Acta53(2023)7039.

[20]J.Yan,T.Wei,Z.J.Fan,W.Z.Qian,M.L.Zhang,X.D.Shen,F.Wei,J.PowerSources

195(2023)3041.

[21]Q.Li,J.H.Liu,J.H.Zou,A.Chunder,Y.Q.Chen,L.Zhai,J.PowerSources196(2023)

565.

[22]Y.Hou,Y.W.Cheng,T.Hobson,J.Liu,NanoLett.10(2023)2727.

[23]D.Y.Zhao,J.L.Feng,Q.S.Huo,N.Melosh,G.H.Fredrickson,B.F.Chmelka,G.D.

Stucky,Science279(1998)548.

[24]S.Jun,S.H.Joo,R.Ryoo,M.Kruk,M.Jaroniec,Z.Liu,T.Ohsuna,O.Terasaki,J