人力資源管理專業(yè)英語2版-張子源課件 04

1CHAPTER

Chapter4

Recruitment

招聘

overviewBeforeanorganizationcanfillajobvacancy,itmustfindpeoplewhonotonlyarequalifiedforthepositionbutalsowantthejob.Thischapterdescribestherecruitingprocessasoneofthewaysthatanorganizationcandealwithshortagesinitshumanresourcesneeds.Recruiting

istheprocessofgeneratingapoolofqualifiedapplicantsfororganizationaljobs.Recruitmentisdirectlyrelatedtobothhumanresourceplanningandselection.Ifthenumberofavailablecandidatesonlyequalsthenumberofpeopletobehired,norealselectionisrequired—thechoicehasalreadybeenmade.Theorganizationmusteitherleavesomeopeningsunfilledortakeallthecandidates.mainpointsinthischapter4.1LaborMarketsComponents4.2RecruitingSourceChoices:Internalvs.External4.3InternalRecruiting4.4ExternalRecruiting4.5InternetRecruiting(E-Recruiting)4.6AlternativestoRecruitment4.1LaborMarketsComponentsLabormarketsaretheexternalsupplypoolfromwhichemployersattractemployees.Laborforcepopulationmadeupofallindividualswhoareavailableforselection.Theapplicantpopulationisasubsetofthelaborforcepopulationthatisavailableforselectionusingaparticularrecruitingapproach.Theapplicantpoolconsistsofallpersonswhoareactuallyevaluatedforselection.4.2RecruitingSourceChoices:

Internalvs.External

Eitherpromotingfromwithintheorganization(internalrecruitment)orhiringfromoutsidetheorganization(externalrecruitment)tofillopeningscomeswithassociatedadvantagesanddisadvantages.Mostemployerscombinetheuseofinternalandexternalmethods.

4.3InternalRecruiting

Thecommoninternalrecruitingmethodsinclude:HumanResourceDatabasesJobPostingandJobBiddingPromotionsandTransfersCurrentEmployeeReferralsRe-recruitingFormerEmployees

4.4ExternalRecruiting4.4.1CollegeandUniversityRecruiting4.4.2LaborUnions4.4.3EmploymentAgenciesandExecutiveSearchFirms4.4.4MediaSources4.4.5JobFairsandSpecialRecruitingEvents4.5InternetRecruiting(E-Recruiting)

TodaytheInternethasbecomeaprimarymeansforemployerstosearchforjobcandidatesandforapplicantstolookforjobs.Internetuserssearchforjobsalmostasfrequentlyasreadingnewspaper’sclassifiedads.ManyoftheseInternetusersevenpostorsubmitresumesontheInternet.HRprofessionalsandrecruitersareusingtheInternetregularlyaswell.4.5.1E-recruitingMethodsJobBoardsProfessional/CareerWebsitesEmployerWebsites4.5.2AdvantagesofInternetRecruiting

ManyemployershaverealizedthecostsavingsbyusingInternetrecruitmentcomparedtoothersourcessuchasnewspaperadvertising,employmentagenciesandsearchfirms.Internetrecruitingcanalsosaveconsiderabletime.AnexpandedpoolofapplicantscanbegeneratedbyusingInternetrecruiting.4.5.3DisadvantagesofInternetRecruiting

Employersmaygetmoreunqualifiedapplicants.Manyindividualswhoaccessjobsitesarejustbrowsersbutmaysubmitresumesjusttoseewhatwillhappenwithoutseriouslylookingfornewjobs.ApplicantsmayhavealimitedInternetaccess.

4.6AlternativestoRecruitmentOvertimeWhenafirmfacespressurestomeetaproductiongoal,itmaymeanthatemployeesneedtoworkovertime.Byhavingemployeesworkovertime,organizationsavoidthecostsofrecruitingandhavingadditionalemployees.Overtimecanalsoprovideemployeeswithadditionalincome.However,therearepotentialproblemswithovertime:fatigue,increasedaccidents,andincreasedabsenteeism.OutsourcingOutsourcingistheprocessofhiringanexternalprovidertodotheworkthatwaspreviouslydoneinternally.Outsourcinghasbecomeawidespreadandincreasinglypopularalternativeinvolvingvirtuallyeverybusinessareaandhasbeenacommonpracticeinindustryfordecades.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessesarelookingtooutsourcenon-coreservicessuchasIT,payrollservicestoathird-partyspecialist.OffshoringOffshoringisthemigrationofallorasignificantpartofthedevelopment,maintenance,anddeliveryofservicestoavendorlocatedinanothercountry.Traditionally,thereasongivenforoffshoringistoreducecosts.Today,increasedqualityserviceisalsobeinggivenasreasonsforoffshoring.Offshoringgrowthconcentratesininformationtechnology,softwaredevelopment,andinnovationservices(productdesign,researchanddevelopment,andengineeringservices).TemporaryEmploymentThemajoradvantagesoftemporaryemployeesincluderelativelylowlaborcosts,aneasilyaccessiblesourceofexperiencedlabor,andflexibilityinrespondingtofuturechangesinthedemandforworkers.Thecostadvantageofusingtemporaryemployeesstemsfromthefactthattheorganizationdoesnothavetoprovidefringebenefits,training,oracompensationandcareerplan.Thetemporaryemployeescanm