2022-2023年湖北省荊門市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)

2022-2023年湖北省荊門市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Parentsknowtheirchildrenbest,buttheymaystillhaveproblems______.

2.TheTruthaboutLying

I'vebeenwantingtowriteonasubjectthatintriguesandchallengesme:thesubjectoflying.I'vefounditverydifficulttodo.EveryoneI'vetalkedtohasaquiteintenseandpersonalbutoftenratherintolerantpointofviewaboutwhatlieshecanandcannevertell.I'vefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatIcan'tpresentanyultimateconclusions,fortoomanypeoplewouldpromptlydisagree.Instead,I'dliketopresentaseriesofmoralpuzzles,allconcernedwithlying.I'lltellyouwhatIthinkaboutthem.Doyouagree?

SocialLies

MostofthepeopleI'vetalkedwithsaythattheyfindsociallyingacceptableandnecessary.Theythinkit'sthecivilizedwayforfolkstobehave.Withouttheselittlewhitelies,theysay,ourrelationshipswouldbeshortandnasty.It'sarrogant,theysay,toinsistonbeingincorruptibleandsobravethatyoucauseotherpeopleunnecessaryembarrassmentorpainbycompulsivelypresentingthemwithyourhonesty.Ibasicallyagree.Whataboutyou?

Willyousaytopeople,whenitsimplyisn'ttrue,"Ilikeyournewhairdo,""you'relookingmuchbetter,""It'ssonicetoseeyou,""Ihadawonderfultime"?Willyoupraiseuglypresentsanduglykids?

Andeventhough,asIdo,youmaypreferthepoliteevasionof"Youreallycookedastorm"insteadof"Thesoup"—whichtastelikewarmed-overcoffee—"iswonderful,"willyou,ifyoumust,proclaimitwonderful?

There'sonemanIknowwhoabsolutelyrefusestotellsociallies."Ican'tplaythatgame,"hesays,"Fmsimplynotmadethatway."Andhisanswertotheargumentthatsayingnicethingstosomeonedoesn'tcostanythingis,"Yes,itdoes--itdestroysyourcredibility."Myfrienddoesnotindulgeinwhathecalls"flattery,falsepraiseandsweetcomments".Whenotherstelllieshewillnotgoalong.Hesaysthatsociallyingislying,thatlittlewhiteliesarestilllies.Andhefeelsthattellingliesismorallywrong.Whataboutyou?

Peace-keepingLies

Manypeopletellpeace-keepinglies;liesdesignedtoavoidirritationorargument;liesdesignedtosheltertheliarfrompossibleblameorpain;liesdesignedtokeeptroubleatbaywithouthurtinganyone.

Itelltheseliesattimes,yetIalwaysfeelthey'rewrong.Iunderstandwhywetellthem,butstilltheyfeelwrong.AndwheneverIliesothatsomeonewon'tdisapproveofmeorthinklessofmeoryellatme,IfeelI'mabitofacoward,IfeelI'mdodgingresponsibility,Ifeelguilty.Whataboutyou?

Doyou,whenyouarclateforadatebecauseyouoverslept,sayyou'relatebecauseyougotcaughtintrafficjam?

Doyou,whenyoudidn'trememberthatitwasyourfather'sbirthday,saythathispresentmustbedelayedinthemail?

Finally,doyoukeepthepeacebytellingyourhusbandliesonthesubjectofmoney?Andingeneraldoyoufindyourselfready,willingandabletolietohimwhenyoumakeabsurdmistakesorloseorbreakthings?

ProtectiveLies

Protectiveliesareliesfolkstell—oftenquiteseriouslies--becausethey'reconvincedthatthetruthwouldbetoodamaging.Theyliebecausetheyfeeltherearecertainhumanvaluesthataremoreimportantthanthewrongofhavinglied.Theylie,notforpersonalgain,butbecausetheybelieveit'sforthegoodofthepersonthey'relyingto.Theylietothosewhotrustthemmostofall,onthegroundsthatbreakingthistrustisjustified.

Theymaylietotheirchildrenonmoneyormaritalmatters.

Theymaylietodyingaboutthestateoftheirhealth.

Isometimestellsuchlies,butI'mawarethatit'squitepresumptuoustoclaimIknowwhat'sbestforotherstoknow.That'scalledplayingGod.That'scalledmanipulationandcontrol.Andwenevercanbesure,oncewestarttoju

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Oneinnovativeproposalproposedbysomeexpertsisproviding______for25,000qualifiedundergraduatestudents.

4.

Gangsforcecannotpenetratepoliticalfieldsthoughtheyattempttoseizethecountry'seconomiclifeline.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Studentsfromonedevelopednationtoanotherequalstudentsfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesinnumber.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecrazeforAuto-TunewhichtrendyCherstarted?

A.Itfadedsoon.

B.Itlastedformanyyears.

C.Itmadeengineerslazy.

D.Itharmedpeople'screativity.

7.Whatshouldpeopledoduringthewarming-upexerciseforrunning?

A.Trytorunatabreathlessspeed.

B.Increasethepaceinagradualway.

C.Keeptalkingwiththeircompanions.

D.Warmupthemusclesbystretching.

8.

ThefullnameoftheUFOis______.

9.

LisaPerezfoundanewinterestinhomemakingduringtheperiodofunemployment.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

AmongalltheGMcrops,Btgeneshaveprovedmosteffectivein______whenthelargest

11.

Countlessstatisticsandsurveyshaveprovedthatsometimestheself-esteemmovement______.

A.helpsthepeoplesuccessful

B.encouragesthepeople

C.frustratesthepeople

D.haschangednothing

12.

Laptopsequippedwith______canallowtheirownerstotemporarilydealwithofficeworkinsomepublicplaces.

13.

WhichofthefollowingtechniquesconcerninglateralthinkingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A.Tryingtofigureoutthemaximumofsolutionstotheproblem.

B.Tryingtohandlethesituationfromamacroscopicperspective.

C.Tryingtoquestionyourpresumptionsabouttheproblem.

D.Tryingtoaddinunselectedfactorstobringyouunexpectedinspiration.

14.

WhenWilcoxlivedinthevalley,hewassatisfiedwiththefactthattheremainsof______wasundisturbed.

15.

Thisgivesusgoodreasontohopethatifweacttosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsthatstillremain,wewill______.

16.

FinallyWilcox'spropertywasdeededtothestate,whichwasmorepossiblythananindividualtopreserve______.

17.

ThecombinationofFord,GMandDaimlerChrysleraimstocompresswastefrom______.

A.health-caresystem

B.managementsystem

C.thehugeprocurementsystem

D.suppliers'products

18.

Inthe"map-and-compass"theory,thecompasscomponentgives______—north,south,east,west.

19.

Thee-wasteproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfutureifallcountriesadopttheapproachdesignedbyTheCentreforDesignatRM1TUniversity,aleaderinthegrowingfieldofDesignfortheEnvironment.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(35)

A.Indevelopingcountries.

B.Inindustrialcountries.

C.InChina.

D.BothAandB.

22.(36)

A.HefeelstheIndianswereunfairlytreated.

B.HebelievestheIndiansshouldhaveshowedrespecttogovernment.

C.HethinksthegovernmenthasalwaysrespectedtheIndians.

D.Hebelievesthegovernmentcanbejustified.

23.(18)

A.Thelocationofthesessionhasbeenchanged.

B.Shewilldefinitelygotothesessionthisevening.

C.She'llprobablybetootiredtowalktothesession.

D.Thesessionmightbecanceledbecauseofaheavysnow.

24.

【B10】

25.聽力原文：W:HaveToddandLisaTaylorstartedafamilyyet?They'vebeenmarriedfortwoyearsnow.

M:Toddindicatedtomethatthey'dpostponehavingchildrenuntilhegetshislawdegree.

Q:HowdoestheTaylorfeelaboutchildren?

(19)

A.Theyhavetwochildrenalready.

B.Mrs.Taylorwishestohavechildren,butherhusbanddoesn't.

C.Theywillstartfamilyassoonasthey.getmarried.

D.Theydon'twantchildrenforthetimebeing.

26.聽力原文：Underthemedia'sspotlight,Iran'sforeignMinisterKamalKharrazimetBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlaironMondayatBlair'sofficialresidenceonDowningStreet.

Kharrazi'svisit,thefirstbyanIranianministersincethe1979Islamicrevolution,washailedbytheinternationalcommunityasacrucialstepcementingarapprochementwithBritainafterdecadesofsuspicionandmistrust.

Relationsbetweenthetwocountriessouredandcametoastandstillwhen(30)thelateIranianleaderAyatollahRuhollahKhomeiniissuedadeathordertwoyearsagoagainstSalmanRushdie,theBritishwriterwhoauthored"thesatanicverses"forso-calleddisrespectingIslam.

Afterthemeeting,Blair'sspokesmansaidKharrazi'svisitwas"animportantlandmarkinIran'sreintegrationintotheinternationalcommunity."(29)ItshowsthatthetenserelationshipbetweenWesterncountriesandIranbegantoease.(31)Peacefulmeansagainturnedouttobethebestsolutioninsettlingdifferences.

Thevisit,alongwiththenormalizationofdiplomaticrelationsbetweentheDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKoreaandItaly,gotacrossamessagethatideologicalorculturaldifferencesshouldnotconstituteanobstacletothedevelopmentofbilateralrelations.

EconomicsanctionsimposedbyWesterncountriesagainstIrancandonothingbutonlyleadtofurtherconfrontationandhostility.

Accordingtothecurrentsituation,BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhaschangedthenation'sstrategy,andhedecidedtodecreasethecollapseofrelationsbetweenBritainandIran.Alsoheadvisedthewholewesternnationsshouldalsomakeachangetoimprovethepeacefulnessofthewholeworld."Wewantpeaceandnotwar."Hesaid.

(30)

A.BecauseIranianleadershasnotvisitedtheUKformanyyears.

B.BecausethehostilitybetweenWesterncountriesandIranbeganthawing.

C.BecausethevisitshowsthenormalizationbetweenKoreaandItaly.

D.BecauseKharraziisthefirstIranianministertovisitUK.

27.

【B3】

28.

【B8】

29.聽力原文：W:Whatdidyouthinkoftheexams,Pete?Ireckontheyweredeadeasy.

M:Maybetheywereeasyenoughforyou,butnotforme.

W:Oh,comeon.You'veprobablydonebetterthanyouthink.

M:No,I'mdeadcertainI'vefailedinLatin,andmostlikelyinFrenchandHistorytoo.Thankgoodnessit'salloverthough.Wecanforgetaboutitnowatleastuntiltheresultscomeout.

W:Yes.NowIcangetonwithreadingallthebooksI'vebeenwantingtoreadformonths,buthaven'thadtimefor.

M:What!...Well,it'suptoyou,Isuppose,butI'vehadenoughofreading;I'mnotgoingtoopenanotherbookformonths.Don'tyouthinkwealldeserveabreak?

W:Well,yes...I'lltakeadayortwooffperhaps.AndIthinkI'llcometoBob'ssister'spartytomorrownight.ButifI'mgoingtouniversityinOctober,I'llhavetogetdowntosomeseriousworkagainprettysoon,

M:I'vegottogetthroughtheAlevelexamsfirst.I'llworryaboutuniversityifandwhenIevergetthere.

W:That'sthetroublewithyou.Youalwaystrytodoeverythingatthelastminute.

M:Andyou'retoo.serious;that'syourtrouble.Youneverstopworking.

W:Well,Ilikereading.

M:AndIcan'tstandit.Idon'tknowwhyIdecidedtotrytogototheuniversityinthefirstplace.IthinkI'llrunawayandjointhearmyorsomething.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheexams?

23.Whatwillthewomandotomorrowevening?

24.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?

25.Whatdoesthemanprobablyprefertodo?

(23)

A.Easyenough.

B.Easierthanthewomanfeels.

C.Verydifficult.

D.Normal.

30.(29)

A.Weshouldn'tjudgepeoplebyreadingtheirfaces.

B.Weshouldn'tsmileinthewrongplace.

C.Weshouldn'tcoverourtruefeelings.

D.Weshouldn'texpressouremotionstooopenly.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:DoyouhaveanyrelativeslivinginAustralia?

M:Iusedtohaveanuncle,buthediedseveralyearsago.Nowthere'sonlymysister-in-law,andsheadvisesmetolookforbusinessopportunitiesandestablishatradingcompanythere.

Q:WhatisthemangoingtodoinAustralia?

(12)

A.Heisgoingtovisithisdeaduncleandsister-in-law.

B.Heisgoingtostarttradingcompanyforhissister-in-law.

C.Heisgoingtolookforopportunitiesforhistradingcompany.

D.Heisgoingtoinherittradingcompanyfromhissister-in-law.

32.(31)

A.Topresenttheirresults.

B.Toshowofftheirresults.

C.Tomakethemselvesbrave.

D.Tobecomeactivepeople.

33.聽力原文：M:Goodmorning.WhatcanIdoforyou?

W:We'dliketocheckoutnow.Wouldyoupleasegivemeourbill?

M:Certainly.CanIknowtheroomnumbersandyourname,please?

W:WewereinRooms204,205,206,207,208,209,and210.I'mSusan,thetourguideofthegroup.

M:Justamoment,please,Susan.I'llhaveyourbillreadyinaminute.Bytheway,didyouhavedinnerinthehotel'srestaurantyesterdayafternoon?

W:Yes,wedid.

M:Yourfinalbillforyesterday'sdinnerhasn'treachedmeyet.Ineedtocontacttherestauranttoaskthemtosendthebillhereatonce.WouldyoupleasewaitaminutewhileIringuptherestaurant?

W:Sure.Butwouldyoumindmakingitquick?Weareinahurry.We'dliketogodowntownforshoppingorwindow-shopping.

M:Isee.Iwon'tkeepyouwaitingmorethanhalfaminute.Sorrytohaveyouwaiting,hereisthebill.Ittotals5,204.80yuan.

W:What'sthisitem,please?

M:Oh,that'sforthelongdistancecalltotheU.S.A.Ms.Smithmadelastnight.

W:Isee.Buttheamountofmoneypaidbyourtravelcompanydoesnotincludechargesforphonecalls.ThisamountshouldbepaidtoyouseparatelybyMs.Smith.

M:I'msorrytohaveincludedthisinthebill.I'llmakeoutyourbillanew.

W:Thanks.Doyouaccepttraveler'schecks?

M:Yes,wedo.

W:IwilltellMs.Smithtopaythephonecallaftershefinishesherbreakfast.

M:Thankyouverymuch.

W:Youarewelcome.

M:Ihopeallofyouwillhaveagoodday!

W:Thankyou.

(20)

A.Intherestaurant.

B.Inahotel.

C.Inasupermarket.

D.Inashoppingmall.

34.聽力原文：W:Now,Mr.Rosewenttothetroubleofmakingthisdinnerforustonight.

M:Yes—weshouldtrytodojusticetoit.Wedon'twanttodisrespecthim.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(16)

A.It'sunfairforMr.Rosetomakethedinner.

B.It'sdisrespectfultohaveMr.Rosepreparethedinner.

C.Mr.Rosetookthetroubletopreparethedinner.

D.Mr.Rosetooknotroubletomakethedinneratall.

35.

【B9】

36.(28)

A.Theirpackagingofexportshavetoconform.toEUregulations.

B.Theyhavetocutoutwastecompletely.

C.Theymusthaveanexperienceddistributor.

D.Theywillseeexpensiverise.

37.

【B7】

38.(16)

A.Theywillplaytennisorbaseball.

B.Theywillgobicyclingorhiking.

C.Theywillgobowling.

D.Theywillnothavesports.

39.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:HowdoyoulikeProfessorBookman'scourseontheHistoryofPhilosophy?Heisadistinguishedscholaronthatsubject.

W:Heisagreatteacher.ButI'mhavingahardtimewiththereading.IfeellikeIcanneverfinishit.

Q:Whatproblemdoesthewomanhavewiththecourse?

(12)

A.She'shavingahardtimefollowingtheprofessor'slectures.

B.Shedoesn'tlikethewaytheprofessorlectures.

C.Sheisnotinterestedinthecourse.

D.She'shavingdifficultywiththeheavyreadingassignments.

40.(25)

A.$20to$50.B.$200to$500.C.$2000to$5000.D.$10to$100.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Mildenthusiasmandhopeofchangeinacountryhasnothadmuchtocheeraboutfordecades.Suchwasthereactiontotheexpected,thoughnarrow,victoryofOscarBergerinarun-offpresidentialelectiononDecember28th.Mr.Berger,aconservativebusinessman,won54%ofthevote,against46%forAtlvaroColom,ofacentre-leftcoalition.WillMr.Bergernowbeabletosummonupthewillandpoliticalmuscleneededtoreform.Guatemala?Thisremainsasaquestionnow.

Althoughtheevidencefromtherun-offelectionisambiguous,atleastitpassedoffwithoutincident.Thefirstroundelection,inNovember,sawmuchmenaceandsomeviolence,mostlyfromsupportersofGeneralEfrainRiosMontt,aformerdictatorandbackeroftheoutgoingpresident,AlfonsoPortillo.Then,anunusuallyhugeamountofvotersroundlyrejectedMr.RiosMontt.

Mr.Berger,amemberofGuatemala'ssmallwhiteelite,hasmuchpoliticalexperience,havingtwicebeenmayorofGuatemalaCity.HelosttoMr.Portillointhelastelection,in1999.Hehasthesupportoflocalbusinessandmuchofthemiddleclass.Hisalliancewasinpowerfrom1996to2000,whenitconcludedapeaceagreementwhichendeda36-yearwarbetweenthearmyandleft-wingguerrillas(游擊隊(duì)).Mr.Berger'svictorywillalsopleasetheUnitedStates,withwhichGuatemalahasrecentlyconcludedfree-tradetalksandwillsignafree-tradeagreement.

ButGuatemalasuffersdeep-rootedproblems.TheseincludecorruptionandtheriseonMr.Portillo'swatch,ofwhatsomeGuatemalanscallthe"parallelpowers"—agroupofdrugtraffickers(走私販),othercriminaloutlaws,servingandretiredmilitaryandpoliceofficersandsomegovernmentofficials.Mr.Bergerhaspromisedtogovernhonestly.Heisalsoseekingallies.Hehasofferedgovernmentpoststofellow-businessmenandtoRigobertaMenchu,apoliticianfortheIndianmajorityandapastwinneroftheNobelPeacePrize.MsMenchuturnedhimdown,however.

Mr.BergerwillbehandicappedbythelackofamajorityinCongress,whereMr.Portillo'spartywillbethesecondlargest.Mr.BergerhasbackedcallsforGeneralRiosMontttobetriedforatrocities(暴行)duringthewar.HisbesthopeofsupportforhisproposedreformsmayliewithMr.Colom.Thetwomenofferedsimilarplatforms.Guatemalanshaveheardmanypromisesfromtheformergovernmentaboutitscapabilityofcarryingoutthereform.before.Asforthenewone,theywillneedsomeconvincingthatitisreallyontheway.

Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A.NewpresidentBergerbroughthopeforthechangeofhiscountry.

B.OscarBergerwonhiselectionbyanoverwhelmingvoteinfavorofhim.

C.PeoplehaveconfidenceinBerger'sabilitytoreform.thecountry.

D.AlvaroColomwastheformerpresidentinacentre-leftcoalition.

42.Accordingtothepassage,considerable______inthetradeunionmovementgrowfromtheoutdatedandinefficientstructureofthetradeunions.

43.Thefood-bornediseasemaycausefever,vomiting,diarrheaandeven______.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

MostpeoplethinkoflionsasstrictlyAfricanbeasts,butonlybecausethey'vebeenkilledoffalmosteverywhereelse.Tenthousandyearsagolionsspannedvastsectionsoftheglobe.Nowlionsholdonlyasmallfractionoftheirformerhabitat,andAsiaticlions,asubspeciesthatspitfromAfricanlionsperhaps100000yearsago,hangontoanalmostimpossiblysmallsliceoftheirformerterritory.

Indiaistheproudstewardofthese300orsolions,whichliveprimarilyinaS60-square-milesanctuary(保護(hù)區(qū)).IttookmeayearandahalftogetapermittoexploretheentireGirForest-andnotimeatalltoseewhytheselionsbecamesymbolsofroyaltyandgreatness.Atigerwillhideintheforestunseen,butalionstandsitsground,curiousandunafraid-lionhearted.ThoughtheytoldmcinsubtlewayswhenIgottooclose,Gir'slionsallowedmeuniqueglimpsesintotheirlivesduringmythreemonthsintheforest.It'soddtothinkthattheyarethreatenedbyextinction;Girhasasmanylionsasitcanholdtoomany.infact.Withterritoryinshortsupply,lionsmoveaboutneartheboundaryoftheforestandevenleaveitaltogether,oftenclashingwithpeople.That'sonereasonIndiaiscreatingasecondsanctuary.thereareotherpressingreasons.,outbreaksofdiseaseornaturaldisasters.In1994aseriousdiseasekilledmorethanathirdofAfriea'sSerengetilionsathousandanimals-afatethatcouldeasilyhappentoGir'scats.Theselionsareespecially

vulnerabletodiseasebecausetheydescendfromasfewasadozenindividuals."IfyoudoaDNAtest.Asiaticlionsactuallylooklikeidenticaltwins."saysStephenO'Brien.ageneticist(基因?qū)W家)whohasstudiedthem.Yetthedangersarehidden,andyouwouldn'tsuspectthembywatchingtheselordsoftheforest.Thelionsdisplayvitality,andnosmallmeasureofcharm.

Thoughthegentleintimacyofplayvanisheswhenit'stimetoeat,mealsinGirarenotnecessarilyfranticaffairs.Foramotherandherbabylionsharingadeer.orayoungmaleeatinganantelope(羚羊).there'snoneedtofightforacutofthekill.TheanimalstheyhuntforfoodaregenerallysmallerinGirthanthoseinAfrica,andhuntinggroupstendtobesmalleraswell.

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortellsusthatAsiaticlions______.

A.havekilledoffotherlions

B.havedescendedfromAfricanlions

C.usedtospanvastsectionsoftheglobe

D.havelosttheirhabitat

45.

ItisdiscoveredbyHenryAmerson'steamthat______.

A.southernpinescannotresistfungus

B.allsouthernpinesarenotsusceptible

C.thegeneticmarkerinsouthernpineswastheeasiesttoidentify

D.fungus-resistantgenescameoriginallyfromoutsidetheU.S.A.

46.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeanappropriateheadingforthepassage?

A.DifferentPatternsofSpeechinDifferentSituations.

B.ResponseMatchingandSpeechDivergence.

C.SocialIntegrationorImitation？

D.WaysofSpeaking:PresentandPast.

47.Notlongafterthetelephonewasinvented,Iassume,acallwasplaced.Thecallerwasaparentsaying,"Yourchildisbullyingmychild,andIwantitstopped!"Thebully'sparentreplied."Youmusthavethewrongnumber.Mychildisalittleangel."Atrillionphonecallslater.Theconversationisthesame.Whenchildrenareteasedortyrannized,theparentalimpulseistograbthephoneandrant.Butthesedays,asstudiesintheUSshowbullyingontheriseandparentalsupervisiononthedecline,researcherswhostudybullyingsaythatcallingmomsanddadsismorefutilethanever.Suchcallsoftenleadtoplaygroundrecriminations(指責(zé))anddon'treallyteachourkidsanylessonsabouthowtonavigatetheworldandresolveconflicts.

"Whenyoucallparents,youwantthemto'extractthecruelty'fromtheirbullyingchildren,"saysLauraKavesh,achildpsychologistinEvanston,Illinois."Butmanyparentsareblownawaybytheideaoftheirchildbeingcruel.Theywon'tbelieveit."Inarecentpolice-departmentsurveyinOakHarbor,Washington,89percentoflocalhighschoolstudentssaidtheyhadengagedinbullyingbehavior.Yetonly18percentofparentsthoughttheirchildrenwouldactasbullies.

InanewUSPTAsurvey,5percentofparentssupportcontactingotherparentstodealwithbullying.Butmanyeducatorswarnthatthoseconversationscanbemisinterpreted(誤解),causingtemperstoflare.Instead,theysay,parentsshouldgetobjectiveoutsiders,likeprincipals,tomediate.

Meanwhile,ifyougetacallfromaparentwhoisangryaboutyourchild'sbullying,listenwithoutgettingdefensive.That'swhatLauraMcHughofCastroValley,California,didwhenacallertoldherthatherthen13-year-oldsonhadspitinanotherboy'sfood.Hersonhadconfessed,butthevictim'smom"wantedtomakesuremysonhadn'tgivenhersonanastydisease,"saysMcHugh,whoapologizedandpromisedtogethersontestedforAIDSandotherdiseases.Sheknewthechanceofcontractinganydiseasethiswaywasremote,butherpromisecalmedthemotherandshowedMcHugh'ssonthathisbadbehavior.wasbeingtakenseriously.McHugh,founderofParentsCoachKids,agroupthatteachesparentingskills,sentthemomthetestresults.Allwerenegative.

Remember:onceyoumakeacall,youmightnotlikewhatyouhear.Ifyouhaveanitchydialingfinger,resisttemptation.Putitmyourpocket.

Theword"bullying"(Line2,Para.1)probablymeans______.

A.frighteningandhurting

B.teasing

C.behavinglikeatyrant

D.laughingat

48.

Aforgermustsellhisworktopeoplewhodon'thavemuchknowledgeinthefieldinsteadof______.

49.Publicrelationsismanagementfunctionthatcreates,develops,andcarriesoutpoliciesandprogramstoinfluencepublicopinionorpublicreactionaboutanidea,aproduct,oranorganization.Thefieldofpublicrelationshasbecomeanimportantpartoftheeconomic,socialandpoliticalpatternoflifeinmanynations.Thatfieldincludesadvertising,promotionalactivities,andpresscontact.Publicrelationsalsoexistsatthesametimeinbusinesswithmarketingandmerchandisingtocreatetheclimateinwhichallsellingfunctionsoccur.

Publicrelationsactivitiesinthemodernworldhelpinstitutionstocopesuccessfullywithmanyproblems,tobuildprestigeforanindividualoragroup,topromoteproducts,andtowinelections.Themajorityofpublicrelationsworkersarestaffemployeesworkingwithinacorporateorinstitutionalframework.Othersoperateinpublicrelationscounselingfirms.

Inindustry,publicrelationspersonnelkeepmanagementinformedofchangesintheopinionsofvariouspublics(thatis,thegroupsofpeoplewhosesupportisneeded):employees,stockholders(股東),customers,suppliers,dealers,thecommunity,andthegovernment.Theseprofessionalscounselmanagementastotheimpactofanyactionorlackofactiononthebehavior.fthetargetaudiences.Onceanorganizationaldecisionhasbeenmade,thepublicrelationspersonhasthetaskofcommunicatingthisinformationtothepublicusingmethodsthatpromoteunderstanding,anddesiredbehavior.Forexample,ahospitalmerger,anindustrialplantclosing,ortheintroductionofanewproductallrequirepublicrelationsplanningandskill.

Publicrelationsactivitiesare