2022高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)MODULE5THECONQUESTOFTHEUNIVERSE學(xué)案外研版選修8

Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會認(rèn)就行(背誦時(shí)遮住右側(cè)漢語，先自主翻譯，后比對詞義)1．leapn.&v．飛躍，跳躍2．randomadj.任意的；隨機(jī)的3．tensionn.緊張關(guān)系4．a(chǎn)utonomousadj.自治的；有自治權(quán)的5．a(chǎn)uthorityn.權(quán)力；權(quán)威6．swearv.起誓保證7．lattern.(剛提及的兩個人或物之中的)后一個，第二個8．a(chǎn)bstractadj.抽象的(二)背重點(diǎn)單詞——寫對才行1．a(chǎn)ccustomedadj.習(xí)慣的2．tunev.收看(電視)；收聽(廣播)3．witnessv.目擊，親眼看見；親身經(jīng)歷4．burstv.爆炸5．viewv.看，觀察6．decaden.十年7．a(chǎn)cknowledgev.承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為8．deedn.行為9．defeatn.失敗10．a(chǎn)ccusev.指責(zé)11．sorrown.悲傷；悲痛12．graspn.控制13．foreseev.預(yù)知；預(yù)見14．a(chǎn)idn.幫助15．impactn.影響，作用(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．historyn．歷史→historicadj.歷史性的，有重大歷史意義的→historicaladj.(有關(guān))歷史的→historiann．歷史學(xué)家2．a(chǎn)ssumev．假定，假設(shè)→assumptionn．假定，假設(shè)3．patientadj.耐心的n．病人→patiencen．耐心→patientlyadv.耐心地4．a(chǎn)dvancen．進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展→advancedadj.高級的，先進(jìn)的5．dependv．依靠；取決于→dependentadj.依賴的→dependencen．依賴，依靠→independencen．獨(dú)立；自立6．reliefn．安慰；寬慰→relievev．安慰；寬慰7．sympathyn．同情；同情心→sympatheticadj.同情的；有同情心的8．commitv．保證；承諾，忠于；投入；做出(錯事)；犯(罪)→commitmentn．忠誠；奉獻(xiàn)9．consistv.構(gòu)成；一致→consistentadj.一致的；吻合的10．devotev．致力于→devotionn．忠誠→devotedadj.忠誠的11．stableadj.穩(wěn)定的；安定的→stablyadv.穩(wěn)定地；安定地→stabilityn．穩(wěn)定；安定12．consultv．咨詢；請教→consultantn．顧問13．a(chǎn)rguev．爭論→argumentn．爭論→arguableadj.可辯論的，可論證的→arguablyadv.有爭議地[語境活用]1．ThisAmericanstudentstudiedmodernChinesehistoryatcollegeandfoundOctober1,1949wasahistoricday.Thenhediscusseditwithahistorianinhiscollegeandlearnedalot.(history)2．Notonlywasthedoctorpatientwitheveryonepresentbutalsothenursehadmuchpatience.Seeingthis,thecancerpatientsatpatientlywaitingforherturn.(patient)3．Youcan’tbedependentonyourparentsallyourlife.Ifyoualwaysdependonothers,youwillneverbecomeindependent.(depend)4．Mymotherwasgivensomemedicinetorelievethepainyesterday.Toourrelief,sheisnotinpainnow.(relief)5．Ihavealotofsympathyforher;shehadtobringupthechildrenonherown.Myfriendisalsoverysympatheticaboutherproblemsowedecidetohelpher.(sympathy)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對不行1．a(chǎn)ssumev．假定，假設(shè)；認(rèn)為；設(shè)想背詞條用法(1)assume...tobe...假定/假設(shè)……是……Itisassumedthat...人們認(rèn)為……(2)makeanassumption認(rèn)為；假定(3)assuming(that)...假設(shè)/假定……背寫作佳句①Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool.我認(rèn)為你們互相認(rèn)識，因?yàn)槟銈兩贤凰鶎W(xué)校。②Wecanfirstassumehimtobeinnocent.我們可以先假設(shè)他是無辜的。③Assumingthatyougetaplaceatuniversity,howareyougoingtofinanceyourstudies？如果你上了大學(xué)，你將怎樣為你的學(xué)業(yè)提供金錢資助？2．a(chǎn)cknowledgev．承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為；告知收到(信件、禮物等)；感謝背詞條用法acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...承認(rèn)某事/某人是/為……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承認(rèn)做了某事Itis(widely)acknowledgedthat...人們(普遍)認(rèn)為……；大家公認(rèn)……背寫作佳句①XuBeihongisacknowledgedtobeoneofChina’sbestartists.徐悲鴻被認(rèn)為是中國最優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家之一。②(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatthefilmisinstructiveandfullofemotion.大家普遍認(rèn)為這部電影具有指導(dǎo)意義，并且充滿情感。(五)背短語詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．inspiteof不管，盡管，不顧2．a(chǎn)ttheverybeginningof在……一開始的時(shí)候3．a(chǎn)seriesof一系列的；一連串的4．a(chǎn)ccusesb.ofdoingsth.指責(zé)某人某事5．prayfor祈望；祈求6．besimilarto與……相似的7．setout開始做；著手進(jìn)行；陳述8．inrelief欣慰地9．breakout爆發(fā)10．make/haveanimpacton對……有影響eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點(diǎn)短語拓展用活setout開始做；著手進(jìn)行；出發(fā)；動身背相關(guān)短語setoff出發(fā)；動身；引起；使爆炸setdown寫下；記下setaside把……放在一邊；留出setup建立；成立；樹立；搭建setabout開始；著手背寫作佳句①(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ寫作)Participantssetoutat9amfromthegateoftheschool,runthroughthePeople’sPark,andfinallyarrivedatthefootofNanshanMountain.參加者在上午9點(diǎn)從學(xué)校門口出發(fā)，穿過人民公園最后到達(dá)南山山腳下。②Somedoctorsadvisesettingasideacertainhoureachdayforrelaxation.一些醫(yī)生建議每天留出一個小時(shí)放松一下。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．...littledidheknowwhatimpacthewasgoingtomake.(表示否定意義的詞或短語放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)……他根本不知道他將要造成多大的轟動。佳句①Hardlycansheimaginethatherhusbandsearchesforherbyhelicopter.她沒有想到她的丈夫用直升飛機(jī)尋找她。佳句②VeryrarelydoIhearthemcomplain.我很少聽到他們抱怨。2．Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat...(as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))盡管看起來不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必然會讓我們做出一個設(shè)想……佳句①(2020·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Tiredandbusyasweare,webenefitalotmentallyandphysically.盡管我們又累又忙，我們的身心都受益頗多。佳句②Tinyasitis,bepleasedtodoit.雖然事情很小，但也要高興地去做。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.仰望星空，人們一直想要更加深刻地認(rèn)識太空，科學(xué)家們也正在努力尋求答案。2．Iholdthebeliefthatspaceresearchprogramsareofgreatbenefittohumanbeings.我認(rèn)為太空探索對人類大有益處。3．Ialsowanttoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse,anddoalotofmeaningfulthingsforspaceexploration.我還想去探索宇宙空間的奧秘，為探索宇宙做很多有意義的事。(二)背滿分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點(diǎn)——說明文(一)[題目要求](2016·四川高考)某中學(xué)生英文報(bào)站正舉辦“TheSeasonILikeBest”的征文活動，請用英文寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：1．你最喜歡的季節(jié)；2．你喜歡該季節(jié)的兩條理由(如：氣候、景色、活動、感受……)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．題目已為你寫好；3．行文連貫，語篇完整；4．文中不得透露個人真實(shí)信息。TheSeasonILikeBest[背范文]TheSeasonILikeBestEachofusknowsthattherearefourseasonsinayear.Differentpeoplelikedifferentseasons,andmyfavoriteseasonisspring.Ilovetosmellthefragranceofflowers,seethenewgreentreesandhearthesingingofbirds.Therearemanybusybutterfliesandbeesovertheflowers.Sometimesitrains,butusuallyrainsquietly.Therainmoistensthetreesandtheflowers.AndIcanplayoutsidetoo!Whetherwelikeridingbikes,joggingorgoinghiking,springallowsustoenjoyoutdooractivities.Ofcourse,therearemanyotherreasonstoexplainwhyI’msoexcitedaboutspring.Thankyou,spring![學(xué)亮點(diǎn)]1．學(xué)亮麗開頭開頭先用therebe句型陳述“一年有四季”，從而引出自己最喜歡的季節(jié)——春季。開頭非常簡潔，開門見山。2．學(xué)高級表達(dá)(1)使用高級詞匯和語塊，如：thefragranceofflowers,moisten,allowsb.todo等，提高了作文的檔次。(2)熟練使用高級句式，如：therebe句型Therearemanybusybutterfliesandbeesovertheflowers；讓步狀語從句Whetherwelikeridingbikes,joggingorgoinghiking；賓語從句whyI’mso...等，為作文增色不少，也彰顯了考生的語言功底。3．防微點(diǎn)失分考生容易把“Eachofusknowsthattherearefourseasonsinayear.”中的謂語動詞knows錯用為know，或把“Differentpeoplelikedifferentseasons,andmyfavoriteseasonisspring.”中的seasons誤用為season，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點(diǎn)單詞的查漏補(bǔ)缺——打牢必備知識[全面練——練清易錯微點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.根據(jù)語境寫出加藍(lán)部分的漢語意思1．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.請教，咨詢2．(2020·江蘇高考)Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.看法3．(2020·5月天津高考)However,laterwhenIlearnedfrommyfriendsthatmydaddefeatedallcompetitorsandwoneveryone’sadmiration,Ifoundthatmixedinwithmyembarrassmentwasatouchofpride.打敗4．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.花費(fèi)Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.LiuBeiandGuanYuwererealhistorical(history)figures.2.Whathappenedwoulddependon/uponhowyoudealtwithit.3．Tomyrelief(relieve),everythingturnedoutwell.4．Herspeechmadeaprofoundimpactoneveryone.5．Makingsmall-scalemodelsrequiresagreatdealofpatience(patient)．名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)historical和historic：前者通常涉及歷史、史學(xué)、過去的事實(shí)，后者表示“具有重要?dú)v史意義的”。(2)dependon/upon意思是“依靠，取決于”，同義短語有：relyon/upon,counton/upon。[重點(diǎn)練——深化高頻考點(diǎn)]1．a(chǎn)ssume[明其義]v．假定，假設(shè)；認(rèn)為；設(shè)想[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Itisassumed(assume)thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.②Thesecalculationsarebasedontheassumption(assume)thatpriceswillcontinuetorise.(2)一句多譯如果你適合做這件工作，我們會雇用你。③If/Supposingyouarequalifiedforthejob,wewillhireyou.④Providing/Provided/Assumingthatyouarequalifiedforthejob,wewillhireyou.⑤Wewillhireyouonconditionthatyouarequalifiedforthejob.[解其困](1)在“it’sassumed＋that從句”中，assumed可以換成thought/supposed/believed/considered。(2)assumingthat...引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于providing/provided/that...,if/supposing和onconditionthat引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。2．a(chǎn)cknowledge[明其義]v．承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為；告知收到(信件、禮物等)；感謝[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Historiansgenerallyacknowledgeherasageniusinherfield.②YuanLongpingisacknowledged(acknowledge)tobeoneofthegreatestscientistinChina.(2)一句多譯那個淘氣的男孩承認(rèn)打碎了玻璃。③Thenaughtyboyacknowledgedbreaking/havingbrokentheglass.④Thenaughtyboyacknowledgedthathehadbrokentheglass.[解其困](1)acknowledgesb.as...意思是“認(rèn)為……是……，把……看作……”，相當(dāng)于“regard/consider/see/thinkof/lookon...as...”。(2)acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.＝admitdoing/havingdonesth.意思是“承認(rèn)做了某事”。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.詞塊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——選詞填空inspiteof，attheverybeginningof，aseriesof，accuse...of，prayfor，besimilarto，setout，inrelief，breakout，makeanimpacton1.Inspiteofrejectionsfromseveralpublishers,herefusedtogiveup.2.Firebrokeoutintheneighborhoodlastnight.3．Inrelief,Daisyburstintolaughter.4．Hefeltnervousattheverybeginningofthespeech.5．Aseriesofattackshavesharpenedfearsofmoreviolence.6．Let’sprayforpeaceandloveandmaketheworldinharmony.7．Georgesetouttoimprovehishandwriting.8．Oneofthebestwaystofindhappiness,fulfillmentandasenseofbelongingistotrytohelpmakeanimpactonthelivesofothers.9．Thistripissimilartotheonewewentonlastmonth.10．Theoldmanaccusedhissonoftreatinghimbadly.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)inspiteof是介詞短語，意思是“不管，盡管”，相當(dāng)于despite，后面接名詞、代詞和動詞-ing形式。(2)breakout表示“戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等爆發(fā)”，是不及物動詞短語，不帶賓語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。Ⅱ.易錯對對碰——辨析比較setoutVSsetabout比較①Theysetaboutdiscussingtheissueassoonasthemeetingbegan.②Theysetouttohelpputoutthefireimmediatelytheycameonthescene.辨清(1)setout意思是“開始，陳述，出發(fā)”。后接動詞不定式。setouttodosth.“開始做某事”。(2)setabout后接名詞、動名詞。setaboutdoingsth.“開始做某事”。[句式的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)](一)表示否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝[通其用]1．補(bǔ)全句子①Neverhavetheyexperiencedsuchaterribledisaster.他們從來沒有經(jīng)歷過如此可怕的災(zāi)難。②NotuntilIfinishedmylunchdidIrealizemywallethadbeenleftinthecar.直到我吃完午飯我才想起我的錢包還在車上。③Seldomdidtheygetaroundinthepast.過去他們很少四處走動。2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Heknowslittleaboutthesituationoftheworld.→Littledoesheknowaboutthesituationoftheworld.[解其困]部分倒裝的情況(1)表示否定意義的副詞或介詞短語位于句首，如not,never,seldom,rarely,little,bynomeans,noway,onnocondition,innocase等。(2)notuntil部分位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。(3)notonly...butalso...連接句子時(shí)，notonly位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。(4)“only＋狀語”位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。(5)so/such...that...句型中，so/such部分位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。(二)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)[通其用]1．補(bǔ)全句子①Difficultaslifeis,heisstilloptimistic.雖然生活困難，他仍然樂觀。②Hardasheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換③Thoughheisachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.→Childas/thoughheis,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.[解其困]as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實(shí)義動詞需提前至從句句首，構(gòu)成倒裝，這時(shí)as可以換成though。如果提前的是一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，名詞前省略冠詞。學(xué)案(三)高考語篇的價(jià)值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2019全國卷Ⅱ·閱讀理解D篇——對接課標(biāo)主題：地球與宇宙奧秘探索精讀真題——拓展語言能力(語篇中藍(lán)體詞匯為主題詞匯，請注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollably①onsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,so②astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport[2]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.[3]“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnograded③homework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview④，and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”[4]GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?eq\o(Gordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywith,\s\do4(1))NASAengineersabouttheproblem,readying⑤aworkablesolutiontotestinspace.［析微點(diǎn)·厚積語言基礎(chǔ)］①構(gòu)詞法——根據(jù)詞根和詞綴猜詞義：controln．&v．控制；限制；掌管un-＋control＋-able→uncontrollableadj.不可控制的uncontrollablyadv.不可控制地②微技法——根據(jù)因果關(guān)系解題：由并列連詞so可知，前后兩句為因果關(guān)系，由so后的句子“astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek”可得出第32題答案。③構(gòu)詞法——根據(jù)詞根猜測詞義graden．年級；等級；級別v.分級；給……評分gradedadj.(按難度、大小等)分級的；評分的④微積累——in-＋n.構(gòu)成形容詞in-personadj.親自的inhumanadj.無同情心的；冷酷無情的indooradj.(在)室內(nèi)的independentadj.獨(dú)立的⑤微點(diǎn)撥——形容詞用作動詞：readyadj.準(zhǔn)備好的；可利用的v．做好……的準(zhǔn)備；為……做好準(zhǔn)備通句式——句子(1)中“hisstudents...theproblem”為賓語從句；readying...為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律]解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]32．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinstruments.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollably...astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，國際空間站的細(xì)菌很難被清除掉。故選A。33．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項(xiàng)目的目的是把太空技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來。34．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct.B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules.D．Gradetheirhomework.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview...It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA的工程師們會檢查學(xué)生們的制作的產(chǎn)品。35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。本文講述的是美國一所中學(xué)與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生完成與太空技術(shù)有關(guān)的任務(wù)。B項(xiàng)與此內(nèi)容密切相關(guān)，故選B。[為什么考·有何價(jià)值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第35題主要考查學(xué)生的概括性思維。作者介紹了美國航空航天局的一個項(xiàng)目：把高中的教室教學(xué)與太空的研究聯(lián)系起來，使學(xué)生們得到NASA工程師們的指導(dǎo)。所以，文章的主旨應(yīng)包含太空和教學(xué)這兩個方面。B項(xiàng)意為“太空：期末作業(yè)的前沿領(lǐng)域”，故選B。一些考生由于缺乏概括性思維，憑斷章取義的思維而往往錯選A、C或D三項(xiàng)。因?yàn)檫@三項(xiàng)各自包含了文中的一個方面，內(nèi)容不全面，所以，考生要注意概括性思維品質(zhì)的鍛煉。二、聚焦核心價(jià)值本文介紹了美國一所中學(xué)與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項(xiàng)目，解決國際空間站的細(xì)菌問題。文章對于啟發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的思維品質(zhì)有積極的引導(dǎo)作用。讓學(xué)生關(guān)注人類太空探索的進(jìn)程和科學(xué)技術(shù)，不僅是為了開闊學(xué)生的視野，增長見識，積累相關(guān)的語言，更重要的是讓學(xué)生感受和體會科學(xué)家以及宇航員們?yōu)楹娇蘸教焓聵I(yè)的發(fā)展不斷努力、勇于開拓的精神。宣揚(yáng)這種精神，也是為了激勵青少年勤奮學(xué)習(xí)、刻苦鉆研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的發(fā)展道路，立下遠(yuǎn)大志向，為國家科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展奉獻(xiàn)自己的智慧和力量。借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Hermostannoying(annoy)habitwasspeakingwithhermouthfull.2．Thereisnoeasysolution(solve)tothisproblem.3．Eggsaregraded(grade)fromsmalltoextralarge.4．Therehavebeensomeproblemsbutbasically(basic)it’sagoodsystem.5．Fromapractical(practice)pointofview,itisn’tagoodplacetolivein.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Hewasannoyedat/about(因……而生氣)givinginsoeasily.2．Whatparentsdoandsaywillhaveagreatimpacton(有很大的影響)theirchildren.3．MrSmithaskedwhetherIwasreadyfor(為……做準(zhǔn)備)thecomingexam.Ⅲ.分析長難句ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句是“Itisdependingon...classrooms”。其中l(wèi)ike是介詞，后面接賓語theone，在theone后是一個省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句。[句意翻譯]這個問題取決于美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH中學(xué)課堂項(xiàng)目，就像位于紐約費(fèi)爾波特的費(fèi)爾波特中學(xué)的理科老師GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelberg領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的項(xiàng)目一樣。Ⅳ.主題語境寫作假定你是李華，對探月感興趣，請寫一篇英語短文，設(shè)想如何在假期到月球旅行。內(nèi)容包括：1．去月球旅行的問題：如何吃飯、喝水；2．月球現(xiàn)狀：月球沒有重力，食物會飄移；3．解決辦法：食物放在試管中，吸食；4．去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：IfIvisitedthemoon,therewouldbeaproblemImightbefacedwith:howtoeatanddrink.Thegravityofthemoonissoweakthatthefoodwillfloataround.Iwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithme.SoitcouldbeputinatubeandthenIwouldbeabletosuckitmoreeasily.PerhapsIwoulduseastrawtodoit.Itcanpreventthefoodfromfloatingaway.Onlyinthiswaycantheproblembesolved.Iwillhaveatryintime.課下主題訓(xùn)練地球與宇宙奧秘探索Ⅰ.閱讀理解Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytosuccessfullylandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)hasalsomadethefirstlunarlandingsince2019.Ithasthetaskofexploringthesideofthemoonthatneverfacestheearth.Thedarksideofthemoonisolderandhasathickersurfacethanthevisibleside.Ittakesthemoonaslongtogoaroundonitsownaxis(軸)asitdoesforonecompleteorbitaroundtheEarth.TheChineseprobelandedinahugecrater2,500kmindiameterand13kmdeep.Thecraterisoneoftheoldestpartsofthemoonandoursolarsystem.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthegeologyofthefarsideofthemoon.Thecrafthastwocamerasonboardwhichwillsendimagesbacktoearth.Itwillalsoattempttosendsignalstodistantregionsofspace,somethingthatcannothappenonearthbecauseoftoomuchradionoise.Chang’e-4alsohasinstrumentsonboardtoexaminemineralsaswellasacontainerwithseedswhichwilltrytocreateaminiature(微型的)biosphere(生物圈)．Communicationwiththespacecraftisnoteasy.Imagesandotherdatamustbetransmittedtoaseparatesatellitebecausenodirectcommunicationwiththeearthispossible.ForChinatheChang’e-4missionisanimportantachievement,becausethecountryhassuccessfullydonesomethingnoothernationonearthhas.Itwantstobecomealeadingpowerinspaceexplorationandhasannouncedplanstosendastronautstothemoonandsetupitsownspacestation.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國已成為第一個在月球遠(yuǎn)端成功著陸航天器的國家。中國宣布計(jì)劃將宇航員送上月球并建立自己的空間站。1．WheredidtheChang’e-4probeland?A．Onthelunarsidefacingtheearth.B．Ontheinvisiblesideofthemoon.C．Inayoungercrateronthemoon.D．Inapreviousspacestation.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，嫦娥四號探測器也于2019年首次登月。它的任務(wù)是探索月球永不面對地球的一面?！皌hesideofthemoonthatneverfacestheearth”即是“theinvisiblesideofthemoon”。月球永不面對地球的一面即是在月球看不見的一面。故選B。2．Whyisthecraftequippedwithacontainer?A．Toseewhatseedscancomeoutonthemoon.B．Tocollectsomeimportantmatteronthemoon.C．Tofindwhethertheseedscangrowonthemoon.D．Tocheckwhethersomemineralsexistonthemoon.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，嫦娥四號上還裝有礦物檢測儀器，以及一個裝有種子的容器，試圖用這些種子來創(chuàng)造一個微型生物圈。由此可知，用容器的種子來看看是否能在月球上生長。故選C。3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Thedarksideofthemoonisascoldastheotherside.B．Thebrightsideisyoungerandthinnerthantheotherside.C．Otherplacesinspacemayhardlyreceivesignalsfromthecraft.D．Thetwocamerasonthecraftcansendpicturestotheeartheasily.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thedarksideofthemoonisolderandhasathickersurfacethanthevisibleside.”可知，月球的暗面比能看到的(即亮的)那一面古老、表面要厚些。也就是說亮的那一面比另一面(暗的一面)要年輕些，要薄一些。故選B。4．Accordingtothetext,whatwillChinadointhefuture?A．Chinawilllandmannedspacecraftonthemoon.B．Chinawillbuildanotherspacestationonthemoon.C．Chinawilllaunchmorespaceprobestothemoon.D．Chinawillbecomethefirstcountryinexploringspace.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，中國已宣布有計(jì)劃將宇航員送上月球并建立自己的空間站。由此可推斷出中國將會讓載人航天飛機(jī)登上月球。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空AlwayswishedtheEarthhadasecondmoon?Thenyouwillbe1tohearthattheChengduAerospaceScienceInstitutehasplanstolaunchmultipleminimoonsoverthenextfewyears.Similartoour2satellite,thelightoftheartificialorb(球體)willbeobtainedfromthesunand3toEarthbyitsmirror-likecoating.Accordingtoitsdesigners,the4oflightbeingreflectedcanbecontrolledfromEarthandthelightcanevenbe5，ifnecessary.Whilethemultipleminimoonswillcertainlyappearpicturesque,theirmainpurposeistoconserve6.TheChengduAerospaceexpertsclaimtheminimoon’sdusk-likeglowwillallowthegovernmenttoeventually7costlystreetlightsincities.TheyestimatethatusingtheartificialsatellitetolightupChengdu’sstreetsatnightwill8thecity1.2billionyuanannually.Sincetheorb’slocationcanbe9moved,itcouldalsobeusedtoshinelightoverdisaster-struckareasthathavelost10.Oncethefirstminimoonis11successfully,theexpertsplantolaunchthree12ones.Together,thesatellites,whichwilltaketurnsdependingontheir13inrelationtothesun,areexpectedto14anareaof3,600to6,400squarekilometers.Whiletheorbswillbe15throughatelescopefromanywhereontheglobe,theirrealbeautywillonlybeseenbyvisitingChengdu.Officials，16，believetheywillbeahugetouristattraction,helpingimprovethecity’s17Asisoftenthecasewithmajor18，someexpertsareconcerned.They19thatthemoonswillhaveanimpactonthesleeppatternsofhumansandanimals.However,officialsbelievethesatelliteswillcauselittle,ifany，20.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。成都航天科技學(xué)院計(jì)劃在未來幾年發(fā)射“人造月亮”衛(wèi)星，“人造月亮”的表面有一層涂層，可以用來反射太陽光，儲存能源。1．A.pleasedB．surprisedC．a(chǎn)larmedD．relieved解析：選A因?yàn)榍懊嬉痪涮岬?，總是希望地球再由一個月球嗎？所以此處指聽到在以后幾年里成都航天科技學(xué)院打算發(fā)射多個人造迷你月亮你會感到高興(pleased)。2．A.traditionalB．uniqueC．naturalD．famous解析：選C此處指類似我們天然的(natural)衛(wèi)星，這些人造月亮從太陽那兒得到光。3．A.carriedB．reflectedC．introducedD．transformed解析：選B人造月亮的光通過像鏡子一樣的涂層反射(reflect)到地球。4．A.colourB．speedC．sourceD．a(chǎn)mount解析：選D根據(jù)語境可知，能從地球上控制被反射的光的數(shù)量(amount)。5．A.sentoutB．switchedoffC．givenawayD．turneddown解析：選B如果不要，能關(guān)閉這些光。sendout“發(fā)出”；switchoff“關(guān)閉”；giveaway“贈送，泄露(秘密)”；turndown“拒絕”。6．A.resourcesB．a(chǎn)nimalsC．farmlandD．space解析：選A雖然多個迷你月球看起來美麗如畫，但它們的主要目的是儲存能源(resource)。7．A.rebuildB．expandC．improveD．remove解析：選D成都航天科技學(xué)院聲稱人造月亮發(fā)出的像黃昏時(shí)的光使政府最終除去(remove)城市里昂貴的路燈。8．A.bringB．leaveC．saveD．cost解析：選C他們估計(jì)用人造衛(wèi)星為成都夜晚的街道提供照射，每年可節(jié)約電費(fèi)開支約12億元。9．A.hardlyB．easilyC．frequentlyD．normally解析：選B因?yàn)檫@種球體的位置很容易(easily)移動，所以能用它照亮一些遭受災(zāi)難襲擊的地區(qū)。10．A.moneyB．homeC．contactD．power解析：選D既然用它照亮一些遭受災(zāi)難襲擊的地區(qū)，這說明受災(zāi)地區(qū)沒有了電力。losepower表示“沒有電力”。11．A.travellingB．a(chǎn)ppearingC．workingD．signaling解析：選C一旦第一顆人造月亮成功運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，專家計(jì)劃發(fā)射另外的三顆。work在此處表示“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。12．A.additionalB．specialC．brightD．colourful解析：選A此處表示另外的三顆。additional是形容詞，表示“另外的”，此處可以換成more。13．A.sizeB．i