2020年中考語法高頻考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練專題7動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

專題7動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)高頻考點(diǎn)巧突破考點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的分類及其應(yīng)用:時(shí)態(tài)（表現(xiàn)在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的形式變化上]及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語—不及物動(dòng)詞不直踉賓語需要（有實(shí)在意義）——有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志（am/is/are）（am/is/are）be+doinghad+done（過去分詞）謂動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)形式」Ido/第三人稱單數(shù)形式doesdid（謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式）,was/were+doingwill+do（動(dòng)詞原形）would+do（動(dòng)詞原形） ■have/（第三人稱用has）+doneL [用法表示平時(shí)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性動(dòng)作

某次過去做某事"]r現(xiàn)在正在做某事:?過去正在做某事■二[現(xiàn)在將要做某事過去將要做某事"]到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)做某事I到過去已經(jīng)做某事1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2）表示普遍真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.2、一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。如：Wearewaitingforyou.2）表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）3）短暫性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)一定表示將來的含義。如：WearearrivingatLondon.4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么？2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。5、一般將來時(shí)1）表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2）willdo表示主觀意愿做某事。如：Iwillseeamoviethismorning.表示客觀的不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀將來。如：Fishwilldiewithoutwater.3）begoingto+do表示計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。6、過去將來時(shí)立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。如:WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSaterday。7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作業(yè)了。（過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成。）2）表示:過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。如：IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。8、過去完成時(shí)1）以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去〃。如：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.考點(diǎn)二、時(shí)態(tài)的判斷1] 時(shí)態(tài)判斷 ■ 1 時(shí)態(tài)類型n時(shí)間狀語ilT 標(biāo)志一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) . 1often,nevereveryday等「頻率/真理/時(shí)間條件狀一般過去時(shí) ■ 1agoyesterdaylastweekin1989,ago,yes，e?viay,,as，weeiK,,nyesterday,justnow,when+從句1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)■1now,thesedayslook,listen與頻度副詞連用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)[■ 1atthis/thattimeyesterdaywhen+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí) — 1tomorrow,nextyear1 in+時(shí)間段, I 」過去將來時(shí)thenextday/year/week常 常用于賓語從句中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)F .sofar,inthepastyears,sincel 一 ， 」I,lready,yet,ever,never,before,foj過去完成時(shí) .11byyesterday/then/theendofbefore/by+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的分類及構(gòu)成定義:英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者它有各種時(shí)態(tài)。。構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（助動(dòng)詞有人稱，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化）。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如： ThiskindofcarismadeinShanghai..沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如： RiceisgrowninsouthernChina..需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如： Themaniscaughtbythepolice.

.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是人。如： Thetreewasblowndownbythestrongwind.11被動(dòng)語態(tài)（表現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語態(tài) 不及物動(dòng)詞不宜跟賓語需要（表示被動(dòng)） 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)態(tài)名稱■一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)名稱■一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)■一般過去時(shí)■一現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)■過去進(jìn)行時(shí)?二一般將來時(shí)口■ 二過去將來時(shí)■現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)■過去完成時(shí) /■=1★含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一謂動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)形式Iam/is/are+done（過去分詞）was/were+doneam/is/are+being+done{ ■ 1was/were+being+donewill+bedonewould+bedone■ have/has+been+doneIhad+been+donef -J \外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done —— 」I 用法 I■表示平時(shí)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性動(dòng)作■ :某事過去被做■ 二某事現(xiàn)在正在被做■某事過去正在被做_ ■ .某事將要被做: ■ ,某事過去將要某事一某事到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被做: ■ :某事到過去已經(jīng)被做『 ■ ,某事可能、必須被做主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的一般變化，通常分三步:1把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be+過去分詞形式，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by短語可以省略。例：Mysisterinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.—Iwasinvited（bymysister）toherdinnerparty.注意：1.固定短語在構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式時(shí)，后面的介詞或副詞要保留。Youshouldtakegoodcareofyoursister.—Yoursistershouldbetakengoodcareof..主動(dòng)語態(tài)中感官動(dòng)詞（see,hear,feel,watch,notice等）以及使役動(dòng)詞（make,let等）后跟省略to的不定式，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中必須還原 to。如：Ioftenseehimplaybasketball.—Heisoftenseentoplaybasketball（byme）..帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，若將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則應(yīng)在間接賓語前加to或for。如：Heshowedmeanicephoto.—Iwasshownanicephoto或Anicephotowasshowntome..帶復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如： Wealwayskeepourschoolcleanandtidy.—Ourschoolisalwayskeptcleanandtidy.如：.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用bywhom放在句首。如：Whowrotethestory?—Bywhomwasthestorywritten?^^Whowasthestorywrittenby?.不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如： rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。如：Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen..賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式， Ving形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語。如：Itaughtmyselfmath. Wehelpeachother.一、選擇填空Amotherwhohersonwilldoeverythingforhishappiness.A.islovingB.lovesC.lovedD.haslovedLookatJohn!What?A.doesheB.heisdoingC.ishedoingD.doeshedoHehomefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfrom D.wentawayfromSinceyoudon'twanttogo,Ialone.A.willgoB.goC.wentD.havegoneTheywantedtoknowwhentheyhaveanexamination.A.hadgonetoB.weregoingtoC.wouldbegoingD.hadbeengoingHeoutwhensomebodycalledathisoffice.A.hasjustgoneB.hadjustgone C.justwentD.justnowwentanewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is，builtB.Was,builtC.Does;buildD.Did;buildCottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.growSofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone12.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter13.Ourteachercarefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistened D.islistenedtwasreportedthatthemurdererarrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had15.GreatchangesinChinasincethePeoplesRepublicofChinain1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.Nocountry(make)suchgreatprogressasChinainthethirtyyears..Thelittlegirlwillgivetheflowertotheherowhenhe(appear)..Hesaidthathe(come)backinfiveminutes..MybrotherlikesEnglishverymuch,andhe(practice)readingeverymorning..Theoldcar(produce)inGermanyin1960S..Thedooroftheclassroommust(lock)morebeautiful..Hesaidhe(go)tovisitthewriter..Mr.Brownsaidhewouldcallusassoonashe(arrive)inBeijingthenextday..Hemetmanyproblemswhilehe(go)overhislessons.Ididn,tknowthatyou(be)intheroom.Ihopethateverything(be)readytomorrow..Mr,Wang(work)inthefactorysinceitopenedin1995..thechildren(watch)TVwhenthemothercamein.14.Ofalltherubbishabout35percentcan(recycle).15.Idon,talienscan(find)inspace.三、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。getusesaybelievegetmaketaughtseewatchgiveCananimals1toworkforus?Somescientiststhinkthatonedayanimalsmaybetaughttodoanumberofsimplejobs.They2thatinafilmoronTVwemay3elephants,monkeys,dogs,bears,orotheranimalsdoingalotofthings.Ifyou4carefully,youmayfindthatthoseanimalsare5somethingtoeatinreturnfordoingthem.Thescientistssaythatmanydifferentanimalsmay6todoanumberofsimplejobsifthey7somethingtoeat.Ofcourse,asweknow,dogscanbeusedtoguardahouse,andelephantscanbeusedtodosomeheavyjob.Andwecanalsoteachanimalstoworkinfactories.Apes,forexample8inAmericatohelpmakecarsandscientists9thatthesemonkeysmayoneday10incropsandevendrivetrains.四、完形填空ItwasasunnySundayafternoon.John,sparentswerenotin.John1togototheHappyTheatertowatchatalentshow,sohe2home.OnlyBarky,John,spetdogstayedathome.JustafterJohnleft,abadman3thewindow,andthenhe4intothehousethroughit.He 5forexpensivethingsintherooms.Hefoundsomemoneyinthebox.He6themoney,butashe 7 ,heheardadog'sbarking（叫聲）.HelookedaroundandfoundBarkylookingathimangrily.Hewasveryscared.Barky8himwhenJohncamehome.JohnletBarkysitdownandtoldthebadmanloudly,“Comewithmetothepolicestation,orBarkywillbiteyou!”Sothebadmanhadto9JohnwithBarkyclosebehind.Apolicemancuffed（銬）thebadmanafterJohn10