全球心理健康英文專家講座

Globalmentalhealth全球心理健康名字全球心理健康英文專家講座第1頁Goodmoring,ladiesandgentelmen,dearclassmatesandteachers.I’mChenjiahui,I’mYuyiyi.WeareverygladtostandhereandprovideashortspeechaboutGlobalMentalHealth全球心理健康英文專家講座第2頁TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)definesmentalhealthasa'stateofwell-beinginwhicheveryindividualrealizeshisorherownpotential,cancopewiththenormalstressesoflife,canworkproductivelyandfruitfully,andisabletomakeacontributiontoherorhiscommunity'世界衛(wèi)生組織定義心理健康狀態(tài)中，每個(gè)人能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)他或她本身潛力，能夠應(yīng)付正常生活壓力，能夠有成效地工作，并能夠使他或她對社會(huì)作出貢獻(xiàn)。TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)definesmentalhealthasa'stateofwell-beinginwhicheveryindividualrealizeshisorherownpotential,cancopewiththenormalstressesoflife,canworkproductivelyandfruitfully,andisabletomakeacontributiontoherorhiscommunity'世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）定義心理健康“狀態(tài)中，每個(gè)人福祉實(shí)現(xiàn)他或她自己潛力，能夠應(yīng)付正常生活壓力，工作和成效，并能夠使他或她社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)2023/4/233全球心理健康英文專家講座第3頁Thetermglobalmentalhealthreferstotheinternationalperspectiveondifferentaspectsofmentalhealth.Ithasbeendefinedas'theareaofstudy,researchandpracticethatplacesapriorityonimprovingmentalhealthandachievingequityinmentalhealthforallpeopleworldwide'.Takingintoaccountculturaldifferencesandcountry-specificconditions,itdealswiththeepidemiologyofmentaldisordersindifferentcountries,theirtreatmentoptions,mentalhealtheducation,politicalandfinancialaspects,thestructureofmentalhealthcaresystems,humanresourcesinmentalhealth,andhumanrightsissuesamongothers“全球精神健康”是指國際視野下不一樣方面心理健康。它被定義為“將重點(diǎn)放在改進(jìn)心理健康和促進(jìn)全世界人類心里健康情況學(xué)習(xí)，研究以及實(shí)踐活動(dòng)”?？紤]到文化差異和各國詳細(xì)情況，它包括關(guān)于不一樣國家心理疾病病學(xué)研究，治療方案，心理健康教育，政治及財(cái)務(wù)方面研究，心理健康治療系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，人力資源方面心理健康，以及人權(quán)問題等。全球心理健康英文專家講座第4頁Theoverallaimofthefieldofglobalmentalhealthistostrengthenmentalhealthallovertheworldbyprovidinginformationaboutthementalhealthsituationinallcountries.Identifyingmentalhealthcareneedsinordertodevelopcost-effectiveinterventionstomeetthosespecificneeds全球精神衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域總體目標(biāo)是加強(qiáng)世界各地提供在全部國家心理健康情況信息。明確精神衛(wèi)生保健需求，以開發(fā)含有成本效益干預(yù)辦法，從而滿足這些心理健康特定需求全球心理健康英文專家講座第5頁Theglobalburdenofdisease全球疾病負(fù)擔(dān)Point.全球心理健康英文專家講座第6頁Mental,neurological,andsubstanceusedisordersmakeasubstantialcontributiontotheglobalburdenofdisease(GBD).Thisisaglobalmeasureofso-calleddisability-adjustedlifeyears(DALY's)assignedtoacertaindisease/disorder,whichisasumoftheyearslivedwithdisabilityandyearsoflifelostduetothisdiseasewithinthetotalpopulation.Neuropsychiatricconditionsaccountfor14%oftheglobalburdenofdisease.Amongnon-communicablediseases,theyaccountfor28%oftheDALY's—morethancardiovasculardiseaseorcancer.Howeveritisestimatedthattherealcontributionofmentaldisorderstotheglobalburdenofdiseaseisevenhigher,amongstothersduetocomplexinteractionsandco-morbidityofphysicalandmentalillness精神，神經(jīng)，和物質(zhì)使用障礙造成了全球疾病負(fù)擔(dān)中主要一環(huán)。這是一個(gè)全球性測量關(guān)于所謂“殘疾調(diào)整生命年”，通慣用于某種疾病或者紊亂情況，這是經(jīng)過計(jì)算整體人口中帶殘年數(shù)以及因?yàn)檫@種疾病而失去生命年數(shù)。全球在擔(dān)負(fù)疾病痛楚情況中，精神疾病占了14%。在全部非傳染性疾病中，精神疾病占了28%DALY（殘疾調(diào)整生命年），超出了心血管疾病以及癌癥。然而，據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)，全球疾病負(fù)擔(dān)精神障礙真正貢獻(xiàn)甚至更高，其中包含因?yàn)閺?fù)雜相互作用和合作身體和精神疾病發(fā)病率全球心理健康英文專家講座第7頁Aroundtheworld,almostonemillionpeopledieduetosuicideeveryyear,anditisthethirdleadingcauseofdeathamongyoungpeople.Themostimportantcausesofdisabilityduetohealth-relatedconditionsworldwideincludeunipolardepression,alcoholism,schizophrenia,bipolardepressionanddementia.Inlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,theseconditionsrepresentatotalof19.1%ofalldisabilityrelatedtohealthconditions在世界各地，近一百萬人每年因自殺而死亡，這是青年人死亡第三大原因。世界各地最主要造成與健康相關(guān)殘疾原因包含單相抑郁癥，酗酒，精神分裂癥，雙相抑郁癥和老年癡呆癥。在低收入和中等收入國家，這些情況代表總數(shù)19.1％全球心理健康英文專家講座第8頁??????????????????????????????????Treatmentgap治療缺口全球心理健康英文專家講座第9頁Itisestimatedthatoneinfourpeopleintheworldwillbeaffectedbymentalorneurologicaldisordersatsomepointintheirlives.Althoughmanyeffectiveinterventionsforthetreatmentofmentaldisordersareknown,andawarenessoftheneedfortreatmentofpeoplewithmentaldisordershasrisen,theproportionofthosewhoneedmentalhealthcarebutwhodonotreceiveitremainsveryhigh.Thisso-called"treatmentgap"isestimatedtoreachabout76-85%forlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,andeven35-50%forhigh-incomecountries.據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)，世界上四分之一人在他們生命中一段時(shí)間會(huì)被精神或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病所影響。即使許多有效干預(yù)辦法對治療精神障礙是需要治療意識(shí)。精神障礙人已經(jīng)上升，那些人需要精神衛(wèi)生保健，但不接收治療百分比依然很高。在低收入和中等收入國家，這種所謂“治療缺口”預(yù)計(jì)將到達(dá)76-85％左右，即使在高收入國家，缺口也到達(dá)了35-50％。全球心理健康英文專家講座第10頁In,theWorldHealthOrganizationestimatedashortageof1.18millionmentalhealthprofessionals,including55,000psychiatrists,628,000nursesinmentalhealthsettings.493,000psychosocialcareprovidersneededtotreatmentaldisordersin144low-andmiddle-incomecountries.TheannualwagebilltoremovethishealthworkforceshortagewasestimatedataboutUS$4.4billion.在，世界衛(wèi)生組織預(yù)計(jì)短缺118萬精神衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員，包含55,000名精神科醫(yī)生和628,000名護(hù)士。在144個(gè)低收入和中等收入國家，心理障礙治療需要493,000心理保健提供者。每年為了要填補(bǔ)這么健康勞動(dòng)力缺口，大約需要支付年工資賬單44億美元。全球心理健康英文專家講座第11頁??????????????????????????????????Interventions干預(yù)全球心理健康英文專家講座第12頁Informationandevidenceaboutcost-effectiveinterventionstoprovidebettermentalhealthcareareavailable.Althoughmostoftheresearch(80%)hasbeencarriedoutinhigh-incomecountries,thereisalsostrongevidencefromlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesthatpharmacologicalandpsychosocialinterventionsareeffectivewaystotreatmentaldisorders,withthestrongestevidencefordepression,schizophrenia,bipolardisorderandhazardousalcoholuse.有信息和證據(jù)表明，有一些低成本干預(yù)辦法能夠提供更加好心理疾病治療。即使大部分研究（80％）是在高收入國家進(jìn)行，也有強(qiáng)有力證據(jù)來自低收入和中等收入國家，即藥理和心理干預(yù)是有效治療精神疾病方法，有最有力證據(jù)能夠證實(shí)其治療抑郁癥，精神分裂癥，雙相情感障礙和嗜酒等問題。全球心理健康英文專家講座第13頁RecommendationstostrengthenmentalhealthsystemsaroundtheworldhavebeenfirstmentionedintheWHO'sWorldHealthReport,whichfocusedonmentalhealth:世界各地提議，以加強(qiáng)精神衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)已首次提到世界衛(wèi)生組織“世界衛(wèi)生匯報(bào)”，側(cè)重于心理健康：1.Providetreatmentinprimarycare提供初級保健治療2.Makepsychotropicdrugsavailable請精神科藥品3.Givecareinthecommunity在社會(huì)上給予照料4.Educatethepublic公眾教育5.Involvecommunities,familiesandconsumers包含小區(qū)，家庭和消費(fèi)者6.Establishnationalpolicies,programsandlegislation建立國家政策，計(jì)劃和立法7.Develophumanresources開發(fā)人力資源8.Linkwithothersectors與其它部門聯(lián)絡(luò)9.Monitorcommunitymentalhealth監(jiān)控小區(qū)精神健康10.Supportmoreresearch支持更多研究全球心理健康英文專家講座第14頁Basedonthedataof12countries,assessedbytheWHOAssessmentInstrumentforMentalHealthSystems(WHO-AIMS),accordingtotheWHOrecommendationshavebeentakenintoaccount.Thecostsofscalingupmentalhealthservicesbyprovidingacoretreatmentpackageforschizophrenia,bipolaraffectivedisorder,depressiveepisodesandhazardousalcoholusehavebeenestimated.基于12個(gè)國家數(shù)據(jù)，由世界衛(wèi)生組織評定精神衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)儀器（WHO-AIMS）進(jìn)行評定，依據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織提議，在精神衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)改變已考慮在內(nèi)。逐步提升精神衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，包含提供整套關(guān)鍵治療精神分裂癥，雙相情感障礙，抑郁發(fā)作及嗜酒，所使用成本已經(jīng)被估算出來。全球心理健康英文專家講座第15頁Nowadays,mentalhealthproblemsofpeoplehaveacquiredworldwideattentionforboththehigh-incomeandlower-mediumincomenations.Millionsofpeopledied,oraredying,becauseofavarietyofmentaldiseases,suchassuicide,ineveryyear.Mo