鐵道概論英文課件6鐵路信號(hào)與通信

7.1概述鐵路信號(hào)設(shè)備是鐵路行車(chē)的指揮與控制系統(tǒng)。它在保障行車(chē)安全，提高行車(chē)速度和行車(chē)密度，提高運(yùn)輸效率和改善行車(chē)工作人員的勞動(dòng)條件方面具有重要作用。鐵路通信設(shè)備是鐵路經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的信息系統(tǒng)，它對(duì)組織鐵路運(yùn)輸、指揮列車(chē)運(yùn)行、確保鐵路各部門(mén)之間聯(lián)絡(luò)和為旅客提供各種服務(wù)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。第七章鐵路信號(hào)和通信Chapter7SignalingandcommunicationofrailwayRailwaysignalingequipmentisthecommandandcontrolsystemoftrainoperation.Itplaysanimportantroleinensuringdrivingsafety,improvingrunningspeedandtraindensity,improvingtransportationefficiencyandimprovingworkingconditionsofdrivingstaff.Railwaycommunicationequipmentistheinformationsystemofrailwayoperationandmanagement,whichplaysanimportantroleinorganizingrailwaytransportation,directingtrainoperation,ensuringcommunicationbetweenrailwaydepartmentsandprovidingpassengerswithvariousservices.7.1概述顯示信號(hào)與實(shí)現(xiàn)通信的設(shè)備包括鐵路信號(hào)、聯(lián)鎖、閉塞等設(shè)備，統(tǒng)稱(chēng)鐵路信號(hào)設(shè)備。其主要作用是保證行車(chē)、調(diào)車(chē)工作的安全和提高鐵路通過(guò)能力。對(duì)增加鐵路運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、改善鐵路職工勞動(dòng)條件也起著重要作用。第七章鐵路信號(hào)和通信Chapter7signalandcommunicationofrailwayTheequipmentfordisplaysignalandcommunicationincludesrailwaysignaling,interlocking,blocksystemandotherequipment,collectivelyreferredtoasrailwaysignalequipment.Itsmainfunctionistoensurethesafetyofdriving,shuntingworkandimprovetherailwaycarryingcapacity.Italsoplaysanimportantroleinincreasingtheeconomicbenefitofrailwaytransportationandimprovingtheworkingconditionsofrailwayworkers.2.2鐵路信號(hào)分類(lèi)鐵路信號(hào)是由信號(hào)設(shè)備，例如信號(hào)機(jī)、表示器和標(biāo)志所發(fā)出的信息，可從多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。2.2.1按接收信號(hào)的感官分類(lèi)按接收信號(hào)的感官可分為：視覺(jué)信號(hào)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)信號(hào)兩大類(lèi)。2.2ClassificationofrailwaysignalingRailwaysignalingaremessagessentbysignalequipment,suchassignals,indicatorsandsigns,andcanbeclassifiedfromanumberofpointsofview.2.2.1AccordingtothesenseorganthatreceivethesignalAccordingtothesenseorganthatreceivethesignalcanbedividedinto:visualsignalandaudiblesignaltwocategories

1、視覺(jué)信號(hào)以物體或燈光的顏色、形狀、位置、閃光、數(shù)目或數(shù)碼顯示等特征表示的信號(hào)。用信號(hào)機(jī)、機(jī)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)、信號(hào)旗、信號(hào)牌、各種表示器、各種標(biāo)志及火炬（一種在風(fēng)雨天氣都能點(diǎn)燃并發(fā)出火光的視覺(jué)信號(hào)，司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)火炬信號(hào)的火光時(shí)應(yīng)立即停車(chē)）等顯示的信號(hào)，都是視覺(jué)信號(hào)。1.VisualsignalAsignalrepresentedbythecolor,shape,position,flash,number,ordigitaldisplayofanobjectorlight.Thesignalsdisplayedbythesignal,locomotivesignal,signalflag,signalboard,allkindsofindicators,allkindsofsignsandtorches(avisualsignalthatcanigniteinthewindandrainandgiveoffaflame,thedrivershouldstopimmediatelyifhefindstheflameofthetorch)areallvisualsignals.

2、聽(tīng)覺(jué)信號(hào)以不同器具發(fā)出的音響的強(qiáng)度、頻率和音響的長(zhǎng)短等特征表示的信號(hào)。如用號(hào)角、口笛、響墩（外形扁圓內(nèi)裝有炸藥的聽(tīng)覺(jué)信號(hào)，防護(hù)時(shí)，將其放在鋼軌上，當(dāng)車(chē)輪壓上后會(huì)發(fā)出爆炸聲，要求司機(jī)立即停車(chē)）發(fā)出的聲音以及機(jī)車(chē)、軌道車(chē)的鳴笛等發(fā)出的信號(hào)，都是聽(tīng)覺(jué)信號(hào)。響墩信號(hào)torpedo2.AudiblesignalAsignalcharacterizedbytheintensity,frequency,andlengthofsoundproducedbydifferentappliances.Thesoundthatsendoutofahorn,whistle,torpedo(AnAudiblesignalwithflatcircleoutershapeandcontainingexplosivesin.itisplacedontherailWhenprotecting.itwillemitanexplosivesoundwhenthewheelpressit,requiringthedrivertostopimmediately)andthesignalsendoutofthewhistleoflocomotiveandrailmotorcar.2.2.2按發(fā)出信號(hào)的機(jī)具能否移動(dòng)分類(lèi)按發(fā)出信號(hào)的機(jī)具能否移動(dòng)可分為：固定信號(hào)、移動(dòng)信號(hào)和手信號(hào)。

通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)Throughsignal進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)Homesignal2.2.2ItisclassifiedaccordingtothemachinesendingthesignalcanmoveornotAccordingtothemachinesendingthesignalcanmoveornot,Itisclassifiedinto:

FixedsignalMovablesignalHandsignal1、固定信號(hào)固定信號(hào)是鐵路信號(hào)設(shè)備的重要組成部分，包括固定于地面的信號(hào)和固定于機(jī)車(chē)的信號(hào)。在我國(guó)鐵路上，依據(jù)信號(hào)的含義，固定信號(hào)可分為三類(lèi)：（1）要求停車(chē)的信號(hào)；（一般稱(chēng)為"禁止信號(hào)"或"停車(chē)信號(hào)"）（2）要求注意或減速運(yùn)行的信號(hào)；（3）準(zhǔn)許按規(guī)定速度運(yùn)行的信號(hào)。

（2與3合稱(chēng)為"進(jìn)行信號(hào)"或"允許信號(hào)"）1.fixedsignalFixedsignalisanimportantpartofrailwaysignalequipment,includingthesignalfixedonthegroundandthesignalfixedonthelocomotive.InChina'srailway,accordingtothemeaningofsignals,fixedsignalscanbedividedintothreecategories:(1)Signalsrequesttostop;(commonlyreferredtoasa"inhibitsignal"or"stopsignal")(2)Signalsrequiringattentionorslowingdown(3)Signalpermittingoperationataspecifiedspeed(2)and(3)togetherarecalled"proceedsignal"or"permissiblesignal"最常見(jiàn)的視覺(jué)類(lèi)固定信號(hào)的基本顏色及其基本意義是：紅色要求停車(chē)；綠色準(zhǔn)許按規(guī)定速度運(yùn)行；黃色要求注意或減低速度。Thebasiccolorsandtheirbasicmeaningsofthemostcommonfixedvisualsignalsare:

RedStopRequestedGreenAllowedtorunatthespecifiedspeedYellowDemandattentionorslowdown

2、移動(dòng)信號(hào)及手信號(hào)當(dāng)線路上出現(xiàn)臨時(shí)性障礙或進(jìn)行施工，要求列車(chē)停車(chē)或減速時(shí)，需按照規(guī)定設(shè)置移動(dòng)信號(hào)，安放響墩、火炬或用手信號(hào)進(jìn)行防護(hù)，以保證行車(chē)安全。手信號(hào)是有關(guān)行車(chē)人員用手持信號(hào)旗或信號(hào)燈作出各種規(guī)定動(dòng)作來(lái)表示停車(chē)、減速、發(fā)車(chē)、通過(guò)、引導(dǎo)等信號(hào)。2.MovablesignalandhandsignalWhentherearetemporaryobstaclesorconstructionontheline,andthetrainisrequiredtostoporslowdown,themovingsignalshallbesetaccordingtothestipulations,andtorpedo,torchorhandsignalshallbeplacedforprotection,soastoensurethetrafficsafety.Handsignalreferstothesignalthattrainstaffwhoholdasignalflagorsignallighttomakeallkindsofprescribedactionstoindicatestop,decelerate,start,passandguide.2.3鐵路固定信號(hào)機(jī)在所有鐵路信號(hào)中，由固定信號(hào)機(jī)發(fā)出的視覺(jué)信號(hào)是最常見(jiàn)、最主要的信號(hào)。固定信號(hào)機(jī)按構(gòu)造和顯示方式不同可以分為臂板信號(hào)機(jī)、色燈信號(hào)機(jī)和機(jī)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)。我們需要熟悉各類(lèi)固定色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的作用、顯示含義、顯示距離、設(shè)置位置等屬性。2.3RailwayfixedsignalAmongallrailwaysignals,thevisualsignalsentbythefixedsignalmachineisthemostcommonandmainsignalAccordingtodifferentstructureanddisplaymode,fixedsignalmachinecanbedividedintosemaphoresignal,color-lightsignalandlocomotivesignal.Weneedtobefamiliarwiththefunctions,displaymeanings,displaydistances,setpositionsandotherpropertiesofvariousfixedcolor-lightsignals2.3.1設(shè)置色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的總要求

1、色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的設(shè)置方位我國(guó)鐵路采用左側(cè)行車(chē)制，機(jī)車(chē)司機(jī)在駕駛室內(nèi)的位置統(tǒng)一設(shè)在左側(cè)。為了便于司機(jī)了望信號(hào)，因此規(guī)定所有色燈信號(hào)機(jī)均應(yīng)設(shè)在線路的列車(chē)運(yùn)行方向的左側(cè)。2.3.1generalrequirementsforsettingcolor-lightsignalChina'srailwayadoptsthesystemofdrivingontheleftside.Thelocomotivedriver'spositioninthecabisuniformlysetontheleft.inordertomakeiteasierforthedrivertolookatthesignal,itisstipulatedthatallcolor-lightsignalsshouldbelocatedontheleftsideofthetrainrunningdirectionofthetrack.

2、限界與色燈信號(hào)機(jī)的設(shè)置在線路旁設(shè)置的信號(hào)機(jī)，均不得侵入建筑接近限界。在準(zhǔn)許接發(fā)或通過(guò)超限貨物列車(chē)的線路旁設(shè)置的信號(hào)機(jī)，不得侵入超限限界。如兩線路之間距離不足以裝設(shè)信號(hào)機(jī)時(shí)，可以采用信號(hào)橋或信號(hào)托架。裝設(shè)在信號(hào)橋或信號(hào)托架上的信號(hào)機(jī)，可以在線路的左側(cè)，也可以在其所屬線路的中心線上空。2.Settingofclearanceandcolor-lightsignalAnysignalsetupbythetracksideshallnotinvadetherailwayconstructionclearance.Asignalsetupnearatrackpermittingthereceivinganddepartureorpassingofanout-of-gaugefreighttrainshallnotintrudeintotheout-of-gaugeclearance.Ifthedistancebetweenthetwotracksisnotenoughtoinstallthesignal,thesignalbridgeorthesignalbracketcanbeused.Asignalmountedonasignalbridgeorasignalbracket,eitherontheleftsideofatrackorabovethecenterlineofthetracktowhichitbelongs.2.3.2進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)1、進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)的作用進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)的作用主要用來(lái)防護(hù)車(chē)站。具體地說(shuō)，就是用來(lái)防護(hù)接車(chē)進(jìn)路。2.3.2homesignal1.FunctionofhomesignalThefunctionofthehomesignalismainlytoprotectthestation.Tobespecific,itisusedtoprotectthereceivingroute.進(jìn)路在關(guān)于進(jìn)路的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們需要掌握以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞：進(jìn)路、列車(chē)進(jìn)路、調(diào)車(chē)進(jìn)路、敵對(duì)進(jìn)路車(chē)站內(nèi)，列車(chē)的運(yùn)行經(jīng)路或調(diào)車(chē)作業(yè)所走的經(jīng)路稱(chēng)為進(jìn)路。因此，進(jìn)路可以分為列車(chē)進(jìn)路和調(diào)車(chē)進(jìn)路。其中，列車(chē)進(jìn)路又可分為接車(chē)進(jìn)路和發(fā)車(chē)進(jìn)路。每個(gè)車(chē)站都有若干條進(jìn)路。RouteInlearningabouttheapproach,weneedtomasterthefollowingkeywords:route

trainrouteshuntingrouteconflictingroute.Inthestation,therodetakenbythetrainorshuntingoperationiscalledrouteTherefore,theroutecanbedividedinto

trainrouteandshuntingroute.Amongthem,thetrainroutecanbedividedintothe

receivingrouteand

departureroute進(jìn)路表示圖Routediagram

圖中綠線與藍(lán)線部分就表示三條進(jìn)路。2條綠線進(jìn)路與區(qū)間相通，都為列車(chē)進(jìn)路。該進(jìn)路用于接車(chē)時(shí)為接車(chē)進(jìn)路，用于發(fā)車(chē)時(shí)為發(fā)車(chē)進(jìn)路。藍(lán)線進(jìn)路為調(diào)車(chē)進(jìn)路。Thegreenandbluelinesrepresentthethreeroutes.Thetwogreenlineroutesareconnectedtothesection,andbotharetrainroutes.Therouteisusedforreceivingtrainasreceivingroute,andforstartingtrainasthedepartureroute.Bluelinerouteisshuntingroute敵對(duì)進(jìn)路如果同時(shí)開(kāi)放2條進(jìn)路會(huì)造成機(jī)車(chē)車(chē)輛相撞，這兩條矛盾的進(jìn)路就稱(chēng)為敵對(duì)進(jìn)路。如圖中，綠線進(jìn)路與藍(lán)線進(jìn)路就為敵對(duì)進(jìn)路。

敵對(duì)進(jìn)路表示圖conflictingroutediagramConflictingrouteIftworoutesareopenedatthesametime,therollingstockswillcollide.Thesetwocontradictoryroutesarecalledconflictingroutes.Asshowninthefigure,thegreenlinerouteandthebluelinerouteareconflictingroutes2.進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)的設(shè)置位置為防護(hù)車(chē)站，指示列車(chē)可否由區(qū)間進(jìn)入車(chē)站而設(shè)置進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)。進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)設(shè)于車(chē)站入口距進(jìn)站道岔尖軌尖端(順向?yàn)榫瘺_標(biāo))不少于50m的地點(diǎn)，根據(jù)調(diào)車(chē)作業(yè)和制動(dòng)距離的需要，有時(shí)外移至400m以?xún)?nèi)。進(jìn)站色燈信號(hào)機(jī)有黃、綠、紅、黃、白5個(gè)色燈，可組成如下信號(hào)顯示：2.SettingpositionofhomesignalToprotectthestation,ahomesignalissetuptoindicatewhetherthetraincanenterthestationfromthesection.Thehomesignalislocatedatapointnolessthan50mfromthestationentrancetothetipoftheswitchrail(thesamedirectionisthefoulingpost),andsometimesismovedoutwardwithin400maccordingtotherequirementsofshuntingoperationandbrakingdistance.Therearefivecolorlightsofyellow,green,red,yellowandwhite,whichcanbecomposedintothefollowingsignaldisplay:

一個(gè)綠色燈光準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)按規(guī)定速度經(jīng)正線通過(guò)車(chē)站，表示出站或進(jìn)路信號(hào)機(jī)在開(kāi)放狀態(tài)，進(jìn)路上的道岔均開(kāi)通直向位置；一個(gè)黃色燈光準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)經(jīng)道岔直向位置，進(jìn)入站內(nèi)正線準(zhǔn)備停車(chē)；Agreenlightallowsatraintopassthroughthestationataspecifiedspeedonthemaintrack,indicatingthatthestartingorhomesignalisopen,andthatallturnoutontherouteareinadirectpositionAyellowlightallowedthetraintopassthroughtheturnoutdirectpositionandenterthemaintrackofthestationreadytostop.兩個(gè)黃色燈光準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)進(jìn)入站內(nèi)到發(fā)線停車(chē)；一個(gè)紅色燈光不準(zhǔn)列車(chē)越過(guò)該信號(hào)機(jī)；

一個(gè)綠色燈光和一個(gè)黃色燈光準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)進(jìn)入站內(nèi)停車(chē)，表示進(jìn)路信號(hào)機(jī)在開(kāi)放狀態(tài)，出站信號(hào)機(jī)在關(guān)閉狀態(tài)；一個(gè)紅色燈光和一個(gè)白色燈光引導(dǎo)信號(hào)，準(zhǔn)許引導(dǎo)接車(chē)。

進(jìn)站信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示意義ThedisplaymeaningofthehomesignalTwoyellowlightsallowthetraintoenterthestationandstopatthearrivalanddeparturetrack;AredlightpreventedthetrainfrompassingthesignalAgreenlightandayellowlightallowthetraintostopinsidethestation,indicatingthattheroutesignalisopenandthestartingsignalisclosedAredlightandawhitelightcalling-onsignalpermitleadreceiving.進(jìn)站、出站、預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)設(shè)置位置示意圖Schematicdiagramofsettingpositionofhome，starting,distant

signal2.3.3出站信號(hào)機(jī)為防護(hù)區(qū)間，指示列車(chē)可否由車(chē)站進(jìn)入?yún)^(qū)間而設(shè)置出站信號(hào)機(jī)。出站信號(hào)機(jī)設(shè)于發(fā)車(chē)線警沖標(biāo)內(nèi)方。出站色燈信號(hào)機(jī)一般由綠、紅兩個(gè)色燈組成。出站信號(hào)機(jī)Startingsignal2.3.3StartingsignalToprotectthesection,astartingsignalissetuptoindicatewhetherthetraincanenterthesectionfromthestation.

Thestartingsignalislocatedwithinthefoulingpostofthedeparturetrack.

startingcolor-lightsignalisgenerallycomposedofgreenandredtwocolorlights1、出站信號(hào)機(jī)的作用（1）在人工閉塞區(qū)間，指示列車(chē)可否發(fā)車(chē)，保證發(fā)車(chē)進(jìn)路上的道岔位置正確，進(jìn)路上無(wú)車(chē)，沒(méi)有建立敵對(duì)進(jìn)路，進(jìn)路已經(jīng)鎖好，運(yùn)行安全。

（2）在半自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)間，指示列車(chē)可否占用區(qū)間，進(jìn)路和區(qū)間無(wú)車(chē)，進(jìn)路上的道岔位置正確，沒(méi)有建立敵對(duì)進(jìn)路，進(jìn)路已經(jīng)鎖好，運(yùn)行安全。Functionofstartingsignal(1)Inthemanualblocksystemsection,indicatewhetherthetraincanstart,ensurethattheturnoutpositioniscorrectonthedepartureroute,nocarsontheroute,noconflictingroutehasbeenestablished,theroutehasbeenlocked,safeoperation.(2)Inthesemi-automaticblocksystem,indicatewhetherthetraincanoccupythesection,notrainsontherouteandthesection,theturnoutpositionontherouteiscorrect,noconflictingroutehasbeenestablished,theroutehasbeenlocked,safeoperation.（3）在自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)間，指示列車(chē)可否占用站外的第一個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)，進(jìn)路和第一個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)空閑，進(jìn)路上道岔位置正確，沒(méi)有建立敵對(duì)進(jìn)路，進(jìn)路已經(jīng)鎖好，運(yùn)行安全。(3)Intheautomaticblocksystemsection,itindicateswhetherthetraincanoccupythefirstblocksectionoutsidethestation,therouteandthefirstblocksectionarefree,theturnoutontherouteisintherightposition,noconflictingroutehasbeenestablished,andtheroutehasbeenlockedandoperatedsafely.2、出站信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示含義（1）非自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段，出站信號(hào)機(jī)有高柱、矮柱之分，顯示紅、綠兩色。不同的顯示組合表示不同的含義。

雙綠燈。準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)由車(chē)站開(kāi)往次要線路。TwogreenlightsPermissionisgrantedfortrainstotravelfromstationtosecondaryroute.非自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段出站信號(hào)機(jī)Non-non-automaticblocksystemdistrictstartingsignal一個(gè)綠燈。準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)由車(chē)站出發(fā)AgreenlightTrainsareallowedtodepartfromthestation一個(gè)紅燈。停車(chē)，不準(zhǔn)越過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)AredlightStop,don'tcrossthesignal2.Displaymeaningofstartingsignal(1)Non-automaticblocksystemsection,thestartingsignalhashighcolumnandlowcolumn,showingredandgreen.Differentdisplaycombinationsexpressdifferentmeanings.一個(gè)黃燈。準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)由車(chē)站出發(fā)，前方有一個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)空閑。Ayellowlight.Trainsareallowedtodepartfromthestation,Ablocksectionisfreeahead.一個(gè)綠燈。準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)由車(chē)站出發(fā)，前方至少有二個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)空閑。AgreenlightTrainsareallowedtodepartfromthestationwithatleasttwoblocksectionsaheadfree雙綠燈。準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)由車(chē)站出發(fā)，開(kāi)往非自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段。DoublegreenlightsAllowtrainstodepartfromstationfornon-automaticblocksystemsection.圖2-13自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段出站信號(hào)機(jī)一個(gè)紅燈。停車(chē)，不準(zhǔn)越過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)。AredlightStop,don'tcrossthesignal

(2)Automaticblocksystemsection

出站信號(hào)機(jī)的位置與標(biāo)號(hào)Positionandmarknumberofstartingsignal3、出站信號(hào)機(jī)的信號(hào)顯示距離總體要求，出站信號(hào)機(jī)顯示距離不小于400m。其中，高柱出站信號(hào)機(jī)顯示距離不小于800m，矮柱信號(hào)機(jī)顯示距離不小于200m（在困難條件下）。4、出站信號(hào)機(jī)的設(shè)置位置Positionofstartingsignal3.ThesignaloftheoutboundsignalshowsthedistanceOverallrequirements,thedisplaydistanceofthestartingsignalisnotlessthan400m.Amongthem,thedisplaydistanceofthehighstartingsignalisnotlessthan800m,andthedisplaydistanceofthedwarfstartingsignalisnotlessthan200m(underdifficultconditions).1、通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)概述Overviewofblocksignal一個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)只能有一趟列車(chē)，如果區(qū)間的距離較長(zhǎng)，就會(huì)影響線路的通過(guò)能力。

因此，在雙線鐵路上，使用非自動(dòng)閉塞的區(qū)段，可以在較長(zhǎng)區(qū)間內(nèi)設(shè)置一個(gè)線路所，線路所與兩相鄰車(chē)站構(gòu)成兩個(gè)所間區(qū)間。在線路所處，設(shè)置兩架信號(hào)機(jī)，該信號(hào)機(jī)就為通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)。

2.3.5通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)Blocksignal

非自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)配置Non-automaticblocksectionsblocksignalsetting

Therecanonlybeonetraininasectionatthesametime.Ifthesectiondistanceislong,itwillaffectthecarryingcapacityofthetrack.Therefore,inadouble-trackrailway,ablockpostcanbesetupinalongersectionwithnon-automaticblocksystemsection,andtheblockpostandtwoadjacentstationsconstitutetwointersections.Attheblockpost,twosignalsaresetandthesignalisblocksignal.自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)間，將區(qū)間劃分成若干個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)，在每個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)的入口處，設(shè)置通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)防護(hù)。閉塞分區(qū)劃分得越短，即分區(qū)數(shù)越多，線路的通過(guò)能力也就會(huì)越大。閉塞分區(qū)的長(zhǎng)度，是受列車(chē)速度、牽引重量和制動(dòng)性能等因素限制的。為了保證行車(chē)安全，我國(guó)的鐵路《技規(guī)》要求閉塞分區(qū)的長(zhǎng)度不得小于1200m。圖2-17自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)配置

Theautomaticblocksystemsectionisdividedintoseveralblocksection.Attheentranceofeachblocksection,asignalissettoprotecttheblocksection.Theshortertheblocksectionis,themoreblocksectionthereare,thegreaterthecarryingcapacityofthetrackwillbe.Thelengthoftheblocksectionislimitedbyfactorssuchastrainspeed,tractionweightandbrakingperformance.Inordertoensuretrafficsafety,China'srailwaytechnicalregulationsrequirethatthelengthofblocksectionshouldnotbelessthan1200m.

2、通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)的設(shè)置位置、作用與顯示距離通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)設(shè)在自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段的閉塞分區(qū)分界處，以及非自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段的所間區(qū)間的分界處，通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)的作用是指示列車(chē)能否進(jìn)入該信號(hào)機(jī)所防護(hù)的閉塞分區(qū)或所間區(qū)間。通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離不少于1000m，在最?lèi)毫訔l件下不得少于200m。2.position,functionanddisplaydistanceoftheblocksignalThesignalislocatedattheblocksectionboundaryoftheautomaticblocksystemsectionandtheboundaryoftheintersectionbetweenthenon-automaticblocksystemsection.Thefunctionoftheblocksignalistoindicatewhetherthetraincanentertheblocksectionorintersectionprotectedbythesignal.Thedisplaydistanceoftheblocksignalshallnotbelessthan1000m,andshallnotbelessthan200munderthemostsevereconditions.3、通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示含義Displaymeaningofblocksignal（1）非自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段Non-automaticblocksystemsection——停車(chē)，不準(zhǔn)越過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)；Stop,don'tcrossthesignal——準(zhǔn)許列車(chē)按規(guī)定速度運(yùn)行。Trainsareallowedtorunattheprescribedspeed——注意，前方只有一個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)空閑；Attention,onlyoneblockaheadisfree.——按規(guī)定速度運(yùn)行，前方至少有兩個(gè)閉塞分區(qū)空閑。Runattherequiredspeed,withatleasttwoblocksectionsisfreeahead（２）自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段Automaticblocksystemsection——停車(chē)，不準(zhǔn)越過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)；Stop,don'tcrossthesignal

１、遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)的作用為防護(hù)平交道口（鐵路與公路的平面交叉點(diǎn)）、橋梁、隧道以及塌方落石等危險(xiǎn)地點(diǎn)而設(shè)置的信號(hào)機(jī)，叫做遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)。在繁忙的平交道口上，若汽車(chē)或拖拉機(jī)等機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)因故障停留在道口，或道口上散落有貨物，一時(shí)又移不開(kāi)時(shí)，為了能指示列車(chē)在道口外方停車(chē)，需要設(shè)立遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)。2.3.6遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)

2.3.6Obstructionsignal1.ThefunctionofobstructionsignalAsignalsetuptoprotectahighwaylevelcrossing(theintersectionofarailwayandahighway),abridge,atunnel,orlandslidesthatrockfallandotherdangerousplaces.Onabusyhighwaylevelcrossing,ifamotorvehiclesuchasacarortractorstopsatthecrossingduetoafault,orifgoodsarescatteredonthecrossingandcannotbemovedforawhile,aobstructionsignalneedstobesetupinordertoinstructthetraintostopoutsidethecrossing.在較大的橋隧建筑物和可能危及行車(chē)安全的塌方落石地點(diǎn)，一般均設(shè)有固定值班的看守人員，晝夜巡視。為在發(fā)生危及行車(chē)安全的情況時(shí)，及時(shí)向列車(chē)發(fā)出停車(chē)信號(hào)，要求列車(chē)在障礙地點(diǎn)前方停車(chē)，也需要設(shè)置遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)。Inthelargerbridgeandtunnelbuildingsandmayendangertrafficsafetylandslidesrockfallsites,generallyhaveafixeddutyguards,patroldayandnight.Inordertosendastopsignaltothetrainintimewhenthetrafficsafetyisendangered,requiringthetraintostopinfrontoftheobstaclepoint,theobstructionsignalalsoneedstobesetup.２、遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)的設(shè)置位置與顯示距離遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)距其防護(hù)地點(diǎn)不得少于50m。

在自動(dòng)閉塞區(qū)段，遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)還應(yīng)與通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)有聯(lián)系。當(dāng)遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)與前方相鄰的通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)之間小于800m時(shí)，通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)應(yīng)重復(fù)信號(hào)機(jī)紅色燈光顯示；當(dāng)遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)與前方相鄰的通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)之間大于800m時(shí)，則通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)應(yīng)為該遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)的預(yù)告信號(hào)。遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)顯示距離不少于1000m，困難條件下不少于200m。武漢長(zhǎng)江大橋南岸遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)ObstructionsignalonthesouthbankofWuhanYangtzeriverbridge2.SettingpositionanddisplaydistanceoftheobstructionsignalTheobstructionsignalshallbenolessthan50mawayfromitsprotectiveposition.Intheautomaticblocksystemsection,theobstructionsignalshouldalsobeconnectedwiththeblocksignal.Whenthedistancebetweentheobstructionsignalandtheadjacentblocksignalinfrontislessthan800m,theblocksignalshouldrepeattheredlightdisplayofthesignal;Whenthedistancebetweentheobstructionsignalandtheadjacentblocksignalinfrontisgreaterthan800m,theblocksignalshouldbethedistantsignaloftheobstructionsignal.Theobstructionsignaldisplaydistanceisnotlessthan1000m,andnotlessthan200munderdifficultconditions.３、遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示含義遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)為單顯示信號(hào)機(jī)。

——不準(zhǔn)列車(chē)越過(guò)該信號(hào)；遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)不著燈時(shí)，不起信號(hào)作用。為與一般信號(hào)機(jī)相區(qū)別，遮斷信號(hào)機(jī)采用方形背板，并在機(jī)柱上涂有黑白相間的斜線。3.DisplaymeaningofobstructionsignalBlocksignalisasingledisplaysignal.

Trainsarenotallowedtocrossthesignal;Obstructionsignaldoesnotworkwhenthelightisnoton.Inordertodistinguishitfromthegeneralsignal,theobstructionsignaladoptsasquarebackboard,andthecolumnispaintedwithdiagonallinechequeredwithblackandwhite.１、預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)的作用信號(hào)顯示直接關(guān)系到行車(chē)的安全和效率，也有利于改善乘務(wù)人員的勞動(dòng)條件，而地面信號(hào)又常常受到現(xiàn)地條件和氣象條件的影響，以至信號(hào)顯示距離有時(shí)難以滿足運(yùn)營(yíng)要求。因此，對(duì)進(jìn)站、通過(guò)、遮斷等絕對(duì)信號(hào)機(jī)，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，裝設(shè)預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)，預(yù)先告訴司機(jī)主體信號(hào)機(jī)的狀態(tài)，以防止冒進(jìn)絕對(duì)信號(hào)。2.3.7

預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)2.3.7

Distantsignal1.thefunctionofthedistantsignalThesignaldisplayisdirectlyrelatedtothesafetyandefficiencyofdriving,andisalsoconducivetoimprovingtheworkingconditionsofthecrew,whilethegroundsignalisoftenaffectedbythelocalconditionsandmeteorologicalconditions,sothatthesignaldisplaydistanceissometimesdifficulttomeettheoperationalrequirements.Therefore,fortheabsolutesignalsuchasthehome,blockandobstruction,adistantsignalshouldbeinstalledaccordingtotheactualneeds,andthestateofthemainsignalshouldbeinformedtothedriverinadvance,soastopreventtheadvanceoftheabsolutesignal.２、預(yù)告機(jī)顯示的含義

預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)為二顯示信號(hào)機(jī)，有黃、綠兩種色燈?！黧w信號(hào)機(jī)在關(guān)閉狀態(tài)；

——主體信號(hào)機(jī)在開(kāi)放狀態(tài)。2.DisplaymeaningofdistantsignalThedistantsignalisaseconddisplaysignal,withyellowandgreenlights

----Themainsignalisoff

----Themainsignalisopen3、預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離與設(shè)置位置預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離不少于400m，在困難條件下不少于200m。預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)距其主體信號(hào)機(jī)的距離規(guī)定不得少于800m，以滿足列車(chē)制動(dòng)距離的要求。當(dāng)預(yù)告或其主體信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離不足400m時(shí)，為了讓司機(jī)預(yù)先有足夠的時(shí)間確認(rèn)信號(hào)，預(yù)告信號(hào)機(jī)距其主體信號(hào)機(jī)不得少于1000m。3.DisplaydistanceandpositionofthewarningsignalThedisplaydistanceofthedistantsignalshallbenotlessthan400m,andnotlessthan200munderdifficultconditions.Thedistancebetweenthedistantsignalanditsmainsignalshallnotbelessthan800mtomeettherequirementofbrakingdistance.Whenthedisplaydistanceofthedistantoritsmainsignalislessthan400m,inordertoallowthedriverhaveenoughtimetoconfirmthesignalinadvance,thedistantsignalshallnotbelessthan1000mawayfromitsmainsignal.在車(chē)站內(nèi)，為保證列車(chē)在站內(nèi)的行車(chē)安全，凡影響列車(chē)作業(yè)的調(diào)車(chē)進(jìn)路，均應(yīng)設(shè)置調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)。

1、調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)的作用調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)用于指示調(diào)車(chē)機(jī)車(chē)能否越過(guò)該信號(hào)機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)車(chē)作業(yè)。2.3.7調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)

調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)Shuntingsignal2.3.7ShuntingsignalInthestation,inordertoensurethesafetyofthetraininthestation,shuntingsignalshouldbesetforanyshuntingroutethataffectsthetrainoperation.1.FunctionofshuntingsignalShuntingsignalisusedtoindicatewhethershuntinglocomotivecanpassthesignalforshuntingoperation.2、調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示及其含義調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)有白、藍(lán)兩個(gè)色燈。

——不準(zhǔn)越過(guò)該信號(hào)機(jī)；

——準(zhǔn)許越過(guò)該信號(hào)機(jī)調(diào)車(chē)；

——準(zhǔn)許平面溜車(chē)（平面調(diào)車(chē)的一種方法）。

2.shuntingsignaldisplayanditsmeaningShuntingsignalhaswhiteandbluelights.-----Donotcrossthesignal-----Permissiontoshuntingoverthesignal-----Flatslipallowed3、調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離與設(shè)置位置調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)一般為矮柱色燈信號(hào)機(jī)，其顯示距離不小于200m。調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)設(shè)在調(diào)車(chē)作業(yè)繁忙的到發(fā)線、咽喉道岔區(qū)，以及非聯(lián)鎖（車(chē)站控制設(shè)備）區(qū)域到聯(lián)鎖區(qū)域的入口處。3.DisplaydistanceandsettingpositionofshuntingsignalShuntingsignalisgenerallyadwarfcolor-lightsignal,whosedisplaydistanceisnotlessthan200m.Shuntingsignalislocatedinthebusyshuntingoperationofthearrivalanddeparturetrack,throatturnoutarea,andentranceofthenon-interlocking(stationcontrolequipment)areatotheinterlockingarea.

1、駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)的作用在駝峰調(diào)車(chē)場(chǎng)的峰頂上，用來(lái)指示調(diào)車(chē)機(jī)車(chē)能否向峰頂推送車(chē)列，以及用多大速度推送車(chē)列。2.3.8駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)

2、駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示含義駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)為四顯示高柱信號(hào)機(jī)，從上至下有黃、綠、紅、白四個(gè)色燈。2.3.8Humpsignal1.FunctionsofhumpsignalOnthesummitofthehumpyard,itisusedtoindicatewhethertheshuntinglocomotivecanpushthetraintothesummitandatwhatspeed.2.ThedisplaymeaningofhumpsignalThehumpsignalisafour-displayhighsignal,withyellow,green,redandwhitelightsfromtoptobottom.——不準(zhǔn)越過(guò)該信號(hào)機(jī)或停止作業(yè)；

Donotcrossthesignalorstopoperation——按規(guī)定速度勻速向駝峰推進(jìn)；Pushtowardthehumpattherequiredconstantspeed——機(jī)車(chē)開(kāi)往峰下，對(duì)編組場(chǎng)內(nèi)車(chē)輛進(jìn)行整理；Thelocomotivestartsdownthepeaktoorganizethevehiclesinthemarshallingyard——加速向駝峰推進(jìn)

Acceleratingtowardthehump——減速向駝峰推進(jìn)；

Slowdownandpushtowardthehump

——機(jī)車(chē)去禁溜線作業(yè)。

Thelocomotivegoestoprohibitivehumpinglinetooperate駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離不能小于400m。在整個(gè)推峰解體過(guò)程中，調(diào)車(chē)機(jī)車(chē)位于車(chē)列尾部，為讓機(jī)車(chē)司機(jī)看清信號(hào)顯示，在到發(fā)線適當(dāng)位置，可以設(shè)置駝峰輔助信號(hào)機(jī)。若駝峰輔助信號(hào)機(jī)仍然不能滿足要求時(shí)，可裝設(shè)駝峰復(fù)示信號(hào)機(jī)。

3、駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)的顯示距離與設(shè)置位置

圖2-21駝峰信號(hào)機(jī)及其設(shè)置3.DisplaydistanceandsettingpositionofhumpsignalThedisplaydistanceofahumpsignalshallnotbelessthan400m.Duringthewholeprocessofpeak-pushingandbreak-up,shuntinglocomotiveislocatedattheendofthetrain.Inordertoletthedriverseethesignaldisplayclearly,humpauxiliarysignalcanbesetattheappropriatepositionofthearrivalanddeparturetrack.Ifthehumpauxiliarysignalstillcannotmeettherequirements,thehumpsignalrepeatercanbeinstalled.2.3信號(hào)表示器與信號(hào)標(biāo)志

2.3.1信號(hào)表示器信號(hào)表示器和信號(hào)機(jī)不同，它沒(méi)有防護(hù)的意義，而是用來(lái)表示與行車(chē)有關(guān)設(shè)備的位置和狀態(tài)，或表示信號(hào)顯示的某種附加含義。例如：出站信號(hào)機(jī)給綠色燈光，而前方可以有三個(gè)發(fā)車(chē)方向，這是需要附加說(shuō)明是向哪個(gè)方向發(fā)車(chē)的，該任務(wù)就依靠信號(hào)表示器來(lái)完成。2.3Signalindicatorandsignalsign2.3.1SignalindicatorAsignalindicator,unlikeasignal,hasnoprotectivemeaning.Instead,itisusedtoindicatethepositionandstatusofequipmentrelatedtothetrainoperation,ortoindicatesomeadditionalmeaningofthesignaldisplay.Forexample,thegreenlightisgivenbythestartingsignal,andtherecanbethreestartingdirectionsahead.Thisrequiresadditionalinstructionsonwhichdirectionthestartingdirectionis.Thistaskisaccomplishedbythesignalindicator.我國(guó)鐵路上采用的表示器有：進(jìn)路表示器、發(fā)車(chē)線路表示器、調(diào)車(chē)表示器、道岔表示器、發(fā)車(chē)表示器等。我們?cè)诖私榻B常見(jiàn)的道岔表示器和發(fā)車(chē)線路表示器。TheindicatorsusedinChina'srailwayare:

routeindicator,departuretrackindicator,shuntingindicator,

switchindicator,

departureindicator,etc.Hereweintroducethecommonswitchindicatoranddeparturetrackindicator.作用：反映道岔所處的狀態(tài)，便于扳道員確認(rèn)進(jìn)路和調(diào)車(chē)人員辦理調(diào)車(chē)作業(yè)。設(shè)置位置：接發(fā)車(chē)進(jìn)路上的手動(dòng)道岔處，以及由非聯(lián)鎖區(qū)向聯(lián)鎖區(qū)的過(guò)渡區(qū)入口處的電動(dòng)道岔處。聯(lián)鎖區(qū)域內(nèi)的電動(dòng)道岔，采用了調(diào)車(chē)信號(hào)機(jī)，所以不設(shè)置道岔表示器。1、道岔表示器

1.SwitchindicatorFunction:reflectthestateoftheturnout,tofacilitatetheswitchmantoconfirmtherouteandshuntershuntingoperations.Position:themanualturnoutonthereceiving-departurerouteandtheelectricturnoutattheentranceofthetransitionzonefromthenon-interlockingareatotheinterlockingarea.Theelectricturnoutintheinterlockingareausesshuntingsignal,sotheswitchindicatorisnotset.顯示含義：（1）道岔處于定位（道岔開(kāi)通直股）：表示器的魚(yú)尾形黃色標(biāo)板順著線路方向顯示，白天沿著線路方向看不到該標(biāo)板，夜間顯示一個(gè)紫色燈光。（2）道岔處于反位（道岔開(kāi)通側(cè)股）：魚(yú)形標(biāo)板橫著線路方向顯示，白天沿著線路方向可見(jiàn)該標(biāo)板，夜間顯示一個(gè)黃色燈光。

道岔表示器switchindicatorDisplaymeaning:(1)switchnormalindication(Switchopenmaintrack)Thefishtailyellowlabelboardoftheindicatorisdisplayedalongthedirectionoftheline.Thelabelboardecannotbeseenalongthedirectionofthelineduringtheday,andapurplelightisdisplayedatnight.(2)switchreverseindication(Switchopenbranchtrack)Thefishtaillabelboardisdisplayedinthedirectionoftheline.Thelabelboardisvisiblealongthelineduringtheday,andayellowlightisdisplayedatnight.

2、發(fā)車(chē)線路表示器調(diào)車(chē)作業(yè)雖然要求在站內(nèi)進(jìn)行，但是在實(shí)際工作中，常因調(diào)車(chē)工作的實(shí)際需求而進(jìn)行站外調(diào)車(chē)。

站外調(diào)車(chē)對(duì)車(chē)站信號(hào)有了新的要求?？梢愿鶕?jù)需要設(shè)置線群出站信號(hào)機(jī)，在每一發(fā)車(chē)線警沖標(biāo)內(nèi)方適當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)，設(shè)有線路表示器。2.departuretrackindicatorAlthoughshuntingoperationisrequiredtobecarriedoutinthestation,itisoftencarriedoutoutsidethestationduetotheactualdemandofshuntingwork.Outsidethestationshuntinghasnewrequirementsonstationsignals.groupstartingsignalcanbesetupaccordingtotheneed,andlineindicatorissetattheappropriateplaceinsidethefoulingpostofeachdeparturetrack.發(fā)車(chē)線路表示器Departuretrackindicator當(dāng)線群出站信號(hào)機(jī)在開(kāi)放條件下，哪一個(gè)線路表示器亮一個(gè)月白色燈光，即表示在該線路停留的列車(chē)可以發(fā)車(chē)。這些并排的線路表示器，同時(shí)只準(zhǔn)一個(gè)點(diǎn)亮月白燈，而且只有在線群出站信號(hào)機(jī)開(kāi)放后，它才能亮燈。Whenthegroupstartingsignalisopen,whichtrackindicatorlightonemoonwhitecolor-light,thatis,thetrainsstayingonthattrackcandepart.Theseside-by-sidetrackindicatorsareallowedtolightonlyonemoonwhitelightatatime,andonlywhenthegroupstartingsignalisopen.信號(hào)標(biāo)志是設(shè)在鐵路沿線，用來(lái)表明該地點(diǎn)線路的狀況，以便司機(jī)和其它有關(guān)行車(chē)人員能夠及時(shí)、正確地進(jìn)行作業(yè)。2.3.2

信號(hào)標(biāo)志

鐵路系統(tǒng)常見(jiàn)的信號(hào)標(biāo)志主要有：1.警沖標(biāo)

2.3.2signalsignsSignalsignsarelocatedalongarailwaytrackandareusedtoindicatetheconditionofthetrackatthatlocationsothatdriversandothertrainoperationstaffsconcernedcanoperatetimelyandcorrectly.Commonrailwaysignalsignare:1.Foulingpost

2.司機(jī)鳴笛標(biāo)司機(jī)鳴笛標(biāo)設(shè)在道口、大橋、隧道或視線不良的前方500～1000m處。司機(jī)看到該標(biāo)志時(shí)，應(yīng)鳴笛示警。2.WhistleboardThewhistleboardshouldbemarkedtheplace