考試英文馬關(guān)條約

英文馬關(guān)條約TreatyofShimonoseki2005年4月17日是馬關(guān)條約簽訂110周年。110年前的今天，北洋大臣李鴻章在日本馬關(guān)簽訂了《馬關(guān)條約》(TreatyofShimonoseki)，割讓遼東半島、臺(tái)灣及澎湖列島給日本;賠償日本軍費(fèi)銀二億兩……Shimonoseki,Treatyof,Apr.17,1895,endingtheFirstSino-JapaneseWar.ItwasnegotiatedandsignedbyItoHirobumiforJapanandLiHung-changforChina.HarshtermswereimposedonabadlydefeatedChina.ThetreatyprovidedfortheendofChinesesuzeraintyoverKorea,givingKoreaindependence,andforthecessiontoJapanofTaiwan,thePescadoresislands,andPortArthurandtheLiaodongpeninsula.JapanalsoimposedalargeindemnityandforcedChinatoopenfivenewtreatyports.Aweekafterthetreatywassigned,however,Russia,France,andGermanytogether—intheso-calledTripleIntervention—demandedthatJapanrenounceclaimstoPortArthurandtheLiaodongpeninsula.Japanreluctantlyagreed(Nov.,1895),butChinawasforcedtopayanadditionalindemnity.1895年4月17日簽訂的馬關(guān)條約，結(jié)束了第一次中日戰(zhàn)爭。條約由日方的伊藤博文和中方的李鴻章協(xié)商并簽訂。已飽受戰(zhàn)爭創(chuàng)傷的中國，又被加以苛刻的條款。馬關(guān)條約結(jié)束了中國對(duì)于朝鮮的宗主權(quán)，使中方承認(rèn)了朝鮮獨(dú)立，同時(shí)迫使中國割讓了臺(tái)灣、澎湖列島、旅順港和遼東半島給日本。日方還對(duì)中國強(qiáng)加以巨額賠款，并要求開放五個(gè)新的通商口岸。條約簽訂后的一周，由于俄、德、法三國的干涉，日本不情愿地宣布放棄遼東半島和旅順，而代之以要求中方增加額外的賠款。馬關(guān)條約(TreatyofShimonoseki)原文節(jié)錄TREATYOFPEACEHisMajestytheEmperorofJapanandHisMajestytheEmperorofChina,desiringtorestoretheblessingsofpeacetotheircountriesandsubjectsandtoremoveallcauseforfuturecomplications,havenamedastheirPlenipotentiariesforthepurposeofconcludingaTreatyofPeace,thatistosay:HisMajestytheEmperorofJapan,CountITOHirobumi,Junii,GrandCrossoftheImperialOrderofPaullownia,MinisterPresidentofState;andViscountMUTSUMunemitsu,Junii,FirstClassoftheImperialOrderoftheSacredTreasure,MinisterofStateforForeignAffairs.AndHisMajestytheEmperorofChina,LIHung-chang,SeniorTutortotheHeirApparent,SeniorGrandSecretaryofState,MinisterSuperintendentofTradefortheNorthernPortsofChina,ViceroyoftheprovinceofChili,andEarloftheFirstRank;andLIChing-fong,Ex-MinisteroftheDiplomaticService,oftheSecondOfficialRank:Who,afterhavingexchangedtheirfullpowers,whichwerefoundtobeingoodandproperform,haveagreedtothefollowingArticles:—大清帝國大皇帝陛下及大日本帝國大皇帝陛下為訂定和約，俾兩國及其臣民重修平和，共享幸福，且杜絕將來紛紜之端。大清帝國大皇帝陛下特簡大清帝國欽差頭等全權(quán)大臣太子太傅文華殿大學(xué)士北洋通商大臣直隸總督一等肅毅伯爵李鴻章，大清帝國欽差全權(quán)大臣二品頂戴前出使大臣李經(jīng)方;大日本帝國大皇帝陛下特簡大日本帝國全權(quán)辦理大臣內(nèi)閣總理大臣從二位勛一等伯爵伊藤博文，大日本帝國全權(quán)辦理大臣外務(wù)大臣從二位勛一等子爵陸奧宗光;為全權(quán)大臣，彼此較閱所奉諭旨，認(rèn)明均屬妥善無闕，會(huì)同議定各條款，開列于左:Article1ChinarecognisesdefinitivelythefullandcompleteindependenceandautonomyofKorea,and,inconsequence,thepaymentoftributeandtheperformanceofceremoniesandformalitiesbyKoreatoChina,inderogationofsuchindependenceandautonomy,shallwhollyceaseforthefuture.第一款中國認(rèn)明朝鮮國確為完全無缺之獨(dú)立自主，故凡有虧損獨(dú)立自主體制，即如該國向中國所修貢獻(xiàn)典禮，嗣后全行廢絕。Article2ChinacedestoJapaninperpetuityandfullsovereigntythefollowingterritories,togetherwithallfortifications,arsenals,andpublicpropertythereon:(a)ThesouthernportionoftheprovinceofFêngtien[Fengtian]withinthefollowingboundaries[LiaodongagreementinNovember1895deletedthisandreplaceditwithanindemnityof30milliontaelsofsilvertobepaidJapan]:ThelineofdemarcationbeginsatthemouthoftheRiverYaluandascendsthatstreamtothemouthoftheRiverAn-ping[Anping],fromthencethelinerunstoFêng-huang[Fenghuang],fromthencetoHai-cheng[Haizheng?],fromthencetoYing-kow[Yinzhou?],formingalinewhichdescribesthesouthernportionoftheterritory.Theplacesabovenamedareincludedinthecededterritory.WhenthelinereachestheRiverLiaoatYing-kow,itfollowsthecourseofthestreamtoitsmouth,whereitterminates.Themid-channeloftheRiverLiaoshallbetakenasthelineofdemarcation.ThiscessionalsoincludesallislandsappertainingorbelongingtotheprovinceofFêngtiensituatedintheeasternportionoftheBayofLiao-tungandthenorthernportionoftheYellowSea.(b)TheislandofFormosa,togetherwithallislandsappertainingorbelongingtothesaidislandofFormosa.(c)ThePescadoresGroup,thatistosay,allislandslyingbetweenthe119thand120thdegreesoflongitudeeastofGreenwichandthe23rdand24thdegreesofnorthlatitude.第二款中國將管理下開地方之權(quán)并將該地方所有堡壘、軍器工廠及一切