2023年韓素音青年翻譯獎(jiǎng)競賽原文

It’sTimetoRethink‘Temporary’Wetendtoviewarchitectureaspermanent,asaspiringtothestatusofmonuments.Andthatkindofarchitecturehasitsplace.Butsodoesarchitectureofadifferentsort.Formostofthefirstdecadeofthe2023s,architecturewasaboutthestatementbuilding.Whetheritwasacontroversialmemorialoranimpossiblyluxuriouscondotower,architecture’sraisond’êtrewastomakealastingimpression.Architecturehasalwaysbeensynonymouswithpermanence,butshoulditbe?Inthelastfewyears,theoppositemaybetrue.Architecturalbillingsareatanall-timelow.Majorcommissionsarefewandfarbetween.Thearchitecturethat’sbeenmakingnewsisfastandfleeting:pop-upshops,foodcarts,marketplaces,performancespaces.Andwhilemanymanifestations（臨床表現(xiàn)，顯示，證明）ofthegenre（類型，流派，風(fēng)俗畫）havejumpedtheshark（鯊魚，騙子。欺詐，詐騙）(i.e.,aToysRUspop-upshop),thereisundeniable(不可否認(rèn)的，公認(rèn)的)opportunityinthetemporary:itisanapt（恰當(dāng)?shù)模?、、、傾向，靈敏的）responsetoacivilizationinflux.（流量，變遷，不穩(wěn)定，流出）Andlikemanyprevailing（一般的，最普通的，流行的，占優(yōu)勢的）trends—collaborative（合作的，協(xié)作的）consumption（消費(fèi)，消耗）(a.k.a.,“sharing”),communitygardens,barterandtrade—“temporary”issoretro（復(fù)古的，重新流行的）thatit’sbecomeradical（激進(jìn)的，徹底的，主線的）.InNovember,Ihadthepleasureofmoderating（減速的，慢化的）Motopia（抱負(fù)都市環(huán)境）,apanel（座談小組）atUniversityofSouthernCalifornia’sSchoolofArchitecture,withRobertKronenburg,anarchitect,professoratUniversityofLiverpool（利物浦）andportable/temporary/mobileguru（領(lǐng)袖，專家）.Authorofashelffullofbooksonthetopic,including“Flexible:ArchitecturethatRespondstoChange,”“PortableArchitecture:DesignandTechnology”and“HousesinMotion:TheGenesis（發(fā)生起源）,”Kronenburgisamanobsessed.（迷人的）Mobility（移動(dòng)性，機(jī)動(dòng)性）hasaninnate（先天的，固有的，與生俱來的）potency（力量，潛力，權(quán)勢）,Kronenburgbelieves.Movable（動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，可移動(dòng)的，不固定的）environmentsaremoredynamic（動(dòng)態(tài)的，動(dòng)力的，有活力的）thanstatic（靜態(tài)的）ones,sowhyshouldarchitecturebesostatic?Theideathatperhapsallbuildingsshouldn’taspire（渴望，立志，追求）topermanencerepresentsahugeshiftforarchitecture.Withoutthatburden,architects,designers,buildersanddeveloperscantakeadvantageofandimplement（實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)，生效）currenttechnologiesfaster.Architecturecouldbereusable（可再度使用的，可反復(fù)使用的）,recyclableandsustainable（可以忍受的，足以支撐的，養(yǎng)得起的）.Recast（重鑄，徹底改動(dòng)）inthisway,itcouldbettersolveseeminglyunsolvableproblems.Andstillsucceedincreatingasenseofplace.Inhispresentation,Kronenburgofferedexamplesofhowportable,temporaryarchitecturehasbeenusedineveryaspectofhumanactivity,includinghealthcare(fromFlorenceNightingale’sredesignedhospitalstotheAirstream（氣流）trailersusedasmobilemedicalclinics（診所）duringtheKennedyAdministration),housing(fromyurts（圓形帳篷）totents（旅游帳篷，住所）toarchitectShigeruBan’spost-earthquakepaperhouses),cultureandcommerce（貿(mào)易，商業(yè)）(stagesetsandGreatExhibitionbuildings,centuries-oldBouqinistesalongtheSeine,（塞納河）mobilefood,artandmusicvenues（場地）offeringeverythingfromtherecordingofstoriestotastycrème（奶油，烈性甜酒）brulees.)Kronenburgmadeacompelling（引人注目的，強(qiáng)制的，激發(fā)愛好的）argumentthattheexperimentation（實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，實(shí)驗(yàn)過程）inherent（固有的，內(nèi)在的，與生俱來的）insuchstructures（結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)筑物）challengespreconceived（預(yù)想的，事先形成的）notions（觀念，小商品）aboutwhatbuildingscanandshouldbe.Thestrategyoftemporality（俗事，暫時(shí)性，俗人，）,heexplained,“adaptstounpredictabledemands,providesmoreforless（更少）,andencouragesinnovation.（革新，改革，創(chuàng)新，新事物，新發(fā)明，新方法，新設(shè)施，新制度）”Andhestressedthatit’stimeforend-users（最終用戶，終端用戶）,designers,architects,manufacturers（制造商，廠商）andconstructionfirmstorethinktheirattitudetowardtemporary,portableandmobilearchitecture.Thisisastruefordevelopmentandcityplanningasitisforarchitecture.City-makingmayhavehappenedallatonceatthedesksofmasterplannerslikeDanielBurnhamorRobertMoses,butthat’sreallynotthewaythingshappentoday.Nosinglemasterplancananticipate（預(yù)期，盼望，占先，提前使用）theevolvingandvaried（多變的，各式各樣的）needsofanincreasinglydiverse（不同的，多種多樣的，變化多的）populationorachievetheresiliency（彈性，跳回）,responsiveness（響應(yīng)能力，有同情心）andflexibilitythatshorter-term,experimental（實(shí)驗(yàn)的，根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的，實(shí)驗(yàn)性的）endeavors（努力，盡力）can.Whichisnottosaylong-termplanningdoesn’thaveitsplace.Thetwoworkwellhandinhand（聯(lián)合）.MikeLydon,foundingprincipal（校長，委托人，當(dāng)事人，資本，主犯）ofTheStreetPlansCollaborative（合作的，協(xié)作的）,arguesforinjecting（注射）spontaneity（自發(fā)性，自然發(fā)生）intourban（城市的，住在都市的）development,andseesthesetemporaryinterventions（干預(yù)，干涉，處置）(whathecalls“tactical（戰(zhàn)術(shù)的，策略的，善于策略的）urbanism（都市生活，都市集中）”)asshort-termactionstoeffectlong-termchange.Thoughthere’sbeentremendous（極大的，驚人的，巨大的）mediaattentiongiventoquickandcheapprojectslikeSanFrancisco’sPavementtoParksandNewYork’s“gutter（排水溝，槽，貧民區(qū)）cafes,”Lydonseessomethingbiggerthanfodder（飼料，素材）forthestylesection.“Alotofthesethingswerenotjustfunandcool,”hesays.“Itwasnotjustabottom-up（自底向上的，從細(xì)節(jié)到總體的）effort.It’snotD.I.Y.urbanism.It’sacontinuum（連續(xù)統(tǒng)，連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體，閉聯(lián)集）ofideas,techniquesandtactics（策略，戰(zhàn)術(shù)，用兵學(xué)）beingemployedatalldifferentscales.”“We’reseeingalotofthesethingsemerge（浮現(xiàn)，擺脫，暴露）forthreereasons,”Lydoncontinues.“One,theeconomy.Peoplehavetobemorecreativeaboutgettingthingsdone.Two,theInternet.Evenfourorfiveyearsagowecouldn’tsharetacticsandtechniquesvia（取道，通過，經(jīng)由）YouTube（視頻網(wǎng)站）orFacebook（臉譜網(wǎng)）.Somethingcanhappenrandomly（隨便地，任意地，無目的，胡亂地，未加計(jì)劃地）inDallas（達(dá)拉斯）andnowwecanhearaboutitrightaway.Thisisfeedinginto（送入）thisideaofgrowth,ofbi-coastalcompetitionbetweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco,say,aboutwhodoesthecooler（冷卻器，清涼劑）,betterthings.Andthree,demographic（人口記錄學(xué)的，人口學(xué)的）shifts（意味，換班制）.Urbanneighborhoods（城鄉(xiāng)）aregentrifying（使優(yōu)化，修復(fù)或改善，使顯得高雅，使中產(chǎn)階級化）,changing.They’rebringinginpeoplelookingtoimproveneighborhoodsthemselves.Peoplearesmartandengaged（使用中的，忙碌的）andworkinga40-hourweek.Buttheyhaveenoughsparetimetogetinvolvedandthisseemslikeanaturalstep.”Lydonisn’tadvocating（提倡，主張，擁護(hù)）anendtoplanningbutencouragesmoreshort-termdoing,experimenting,testing(whichcanbeafarmoresatisfyingalternativetowaitingforprojectstopass).Whilethismaynotdirectlychangeexistingcodes（法典）orzoningregulations,（分區(qū)制條例）that’sO.K.because,asLydonexplains,thepracticesemployed“shineadirectlightonoldwaysofthinking,oldpoliciesthatareinplace.”TheDallasgroupBuildaBetterBlock（更好的阻止）—whichquicklyleapt（跳躍）fromatiny（微小的，很少的）grass-roots（基層的，基本的，一般民眾的）collectivetoanactivepartnerincityendeavors—hasdemonstrated（證明，展示，論證）thatwhenyouexposeweaknesses,changehappens.Iftheirtemporaryinterventionsviolate（違反，侵犯，妨礙，褻瀆）existingcodes,BuildaBetterBlockjustpaintsasigninformingpassers-byofthatfact.Theyhavealtered（改變）regulationsinthisfashion（照這樣）.Sometimes—notalways—bureaucracy（官僚主義，官僚機(jī)構(gòu)，官僚政治）getsoutofthewayandallowsforrealchangetohappen.Testingthingsoutcanalsohelpdeveloperschart（具體計(jì)劃）therightcoursefortheirprojects.SaysLydon,“Adevelopercanreallylearnwhat’sworkingintheneighborhoodfromamarketplace（市場，商場，市集）perspective（觀點(diǎn)，遠(yuǎn)景）—itcouldreallyinformorchangetheirplans.Hopefullytheycaningratiate（使迎合，使討好，使逢迎）themselveswiththeneighborhoodandbuildcommunity.Thereisrealpotential（也許性）ifthedevelopersarereallylookingtodothat.”Andtheyare.Brooklyn’sDeKalbMarket,forexample,wassupposedtobeinplaceforjustthreeyears,butbecameaneighborhoodcenterwheretherehadn’tbeenmuchofonebefore.“Peoplegravitated（被吸引）towardsit,”saysLydon.“Peoplelikegoingthere.Youruntheriskofpeoplelamenting（哀悼，悲痛，惋惜）thelossofthat.Thedeveloperwouldbesmarttointegrate（使完整，使成為整體）thingslikethecommunitygarden—[givingresidentsan]opportunitytokeepgrowingfoodonthesite（現(xiàn)場）.Theradiostationcouldgeta（永恒的，永久的，不變的）space.Thebeergardencouldbekept.”SanFrancisco’sPROXYprojectissimilar.Retail,restaurantsandculturalspaceshoused（封裝的）withinanartful（巧妙的，狡猾的，有技巧的，欺詐的）configuration（配置，結(jié)構(gòu)，外形）ofshippingcontainers(運(yùn)送集裝箱),designedbyEnvelopeArchitectureandDesign,weregivenafive-yeartemporaryhome（臨時(shí)住所）ongovernment-ownedvacantlots（空地）inthecity’sHayesValleyneighborhoodwhiledevelopersopted（選擇）tosittight（穩(wěn)坐不動(dòng)，堅(jiān)持主張，靜待事態(tài)的發(fā)展）duringtherecession（衰退，不景氣，后退，凹處）.Affordablehousingispromisedforthesite（經(jīng)濟(jì)合用房是承諾的地方）;thedeveloperswillnowbeabletocreateitinaneighborhoodthathasbecomeincreasinglyvibrant（震動(dòng)的，充滿氣憤的，響亮的，戰(zhàn)栗的）andpedestrian-friendly.Onanevenlargerscale,themajordeveloperForestCity（森林之城）hasbeentestingtheseideasoftrialanderror（反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，嘗試錯(cuò)誤法）inthe5MProjectindowntownSanFrancisco.Whilewaitingoutthedownturn,（經(jīng)濟(jì)方面衰退，低迷時(shí)期）thefolks（人們）behind5Mhavebeenbeta-testing（對新產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行beta因素測試）tenants（房客，居住者）andusesattheir5th&Mission（使命，任務(wù)，代表團(tuán)）location,whichwas(andstillis)hometotheSanFranciscoChronicleandnowalsotoorganizationslikeTechShop,theco-working（合作辦公）spaceHubSoma,theartgalleryIntersectionfortheArts（美術(shù)館的十字路口藝術(shù)）,thetechcompanySquareandasmatteringoffoodcartstofeedthosehungry,hardworkingtenants（高科技公司的廣場和少數(shù)食品車來喂那些饑餓的，勤奮的房客）.Afewyearsearlier,ForestCitywouldhavebeenmorelikelytothrowupanofficetowerwithsomeluxurycondosontopandcallitaday:accordingtoacompanyvicepresident,AlexaArena,therecessionallowedForestCitytospendtime“re-imaginingplacesforo