高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)組合練八 閱讀理解+閱讀七選五+短文改錯 課時優(yōu)化作業(yè)含解析

PAGE組合練(八)閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五＋短文改錯Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea，soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge，ocean-goingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury，theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories，itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods，peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury，Britainhadthelargest，mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms，althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample，peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”．Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive，dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(belowtheboards)outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand，honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards)，intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.“Pipedown！”，meaning“Bequiet！”，isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain(水手長)wouldblowawhistle，orpipe，attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression“notenoughroomtoswingacat”，butfewknowthatthe“cat”doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The“cat”isactuallyashortformof“catofninetails”—awhipwithnineknotted(打結(jié)的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing(鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol![語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。英國作為一個島國，四周被海洋環(huán)繞，因此海洋在英國人的生活中發(fā)揮著重要作用。英國曾有著很強大的海軍，一直以來，水手們經(jīng)常使用一些豐富的航海術(shù)語，這些術(shù)語也影響著英語語言。1．TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________.A．theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworldB．theygotmorewealthfromtheseaC．theyliveonanislandsurroundedbytheseaD．theyhadthelargestnavyever解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Theyaresurroundedbythesea，soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.”可知，英國被海洋包圍，所以海洋對英國人的生活影響很大。答案：C2．Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard，itmeansheis________.A．secretive B．honestC．cheerful D．dishonest解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第二段中的“peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing‘a(chǎn)boveboard’”可知，選B項。答案：B3．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.B．Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.C．Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.D．Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theship'sboatswainwouldblowawhistle，orpipe，attheendofthedaytoindicatetothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.”可知，當(dāng)聽到哨聲，水手們要去睡覺。所以選A項。答案：A4．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．thebusinessonBritishsailingshipsB．theinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglishC．thesailinghistoryofEnglandD．thesailingstoryofBritishsailors解析：主旨大意題。本文主要通過介紹英國是一個受海洋影響的國家引入主題，即水手們在航行的時候使用的一些航海術(shù)語對英語這門語言產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。因此B項符合題意。答案：BBAprilshouldbeprimewalrus(海象)huntingseasonforthenativevillagesonAlaska'sremotewesterncoast.Inyearspastthewinter,seaiceonwhichtheanimalsrestwouldstillbeabundant,providingprimetargetsforlocalhunters.Butthisyearsea-icecoverageasoflateAprilwasmorelikewhatwouldbeexpectedformid-June.Theseconditionsarethecontinuationofawinter-longscarcity(缺乏)ofseaiceintheBeringSea.SeaiceexpandsoutwardfromthecentralArcticOceaneachautumnasthesunfallslowandtemperaturesdrop.IntheChukchiandBeringSeasoffAlaska,freeze-upusedtobegininOctober.IcewouldedgesouthwardandbuildupthroughoutthewinteruntilpeakinginMarchwhentheicewouldstartmeltingback.Butlastautumnfreeze-upintheregionbeganlater.Theunusualwarmthcontinuedthroughoutthiswinter,inpartbecauseofanatmosphericpatternthatkeptstormsperiodicallysweepingupfromthesouth.Suchatmosphericconditionshavelongbeenalimitingfactortosea-icegrowthintheBeringSea,Thomansays.Butuntilrecentlythewatertherewasreliablycoldenoughinautumnthatwhenwindsdidblowfromthesouth，seaicewouldstillsprawl.ThelastfewyearshaveseenunusuallywarmoceanwatersintheBering.SomeofthosewarmwatersfollowedoceancurrentsupintotheBeringandleftareservoir(儲藏)ofwarmththatlimitediceformation.TheoccurrenceoftheseunusualconditionsoffAlaskathispastwintercanlargelybeputdowntotherandomweathervariationsinachaoticclimatesystem,butscientistssayglobalwarmingaddedtotheseverityofthesituation.AttheendofApril,theBeringSeawasnearlyice-free—fourweeksaheadofschedule.Theopenoceanwastakinginheatthatcouldsetupanotherdelayedfreeze-upnextfall.“Becauseoftheroleweatherplays,noteveryyearisgoingtobelikethis.Nextyearwillalmostcertainlynotbethislow.Butastemperaturescontinuetorise,chancesareveryhighthatwewillnotgoanother160yearsbeforeweseesomethinglikethishappenagain，”saysThoman.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。每年的四月份，美國阿拉斯加州附近海域的浮冰上會棲息著大量海象，是狩獵的好時機。然而今年的情況卻大不相同。5．InwatersoffAlaska'swesterncoast,normallyAprilshouldbeatimewhen________.A．numerouswalrusesgoonshoreB．therestillexistsplentyofseaiceC．theseaiceisatitsmaximumamountD．temperaturesbegintoriseafterwinter解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的前兩句可知，在阿拉斯加州偏遠(yuǎn)的西海岸，每年的四月份海面上仍然會存在大量海冰。答案：B6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sprawl”inParagraph3mean?A．Spread. B．Reduce.C．Float. D．Function.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在的上下文可知，從南方來的暴風(fēng)雨是白令海海冰形成的限制性因素。不過一直到最近白令海秋天的水溫還是足夠低，以至于當(dāng)南方的風(fēng)吹來時，海冰還是能夠繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大面積。答案：A7．WhatwasthemaincauseoftheunusualsituationinwatersoffAlaskathispastwinter?A．Theover-huntingactivities.B．Windsblowingfromthenorth.C．Changeableweatherconditions.D．GradualwarmingoftheArctic.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句可知，在過去的這個冬天里，阿拉斯加州附近海冰形成困難的主要原因在于天氣變化無常，全球變暖現(xiàn)象只是一個輔因。答案：C8．WhichofthefollowingwouldThomanagreewith?A．Globalwarminghaslostitsinfluence.B．TheBeringSeawillbewarmernextyear.C．Freeze-upwilldefinitelybedelayednextautumn.D．TheBeringSeawillprobablywitnessasea-icedeclineagain.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Thoman所說的話可知，Thoman認(rèn)為，因為天氣的偶然因素，并不是每一年都會發(fā)生海冰稀少這樣的事，下一年很可能情況會有所好轉(zhuǎn)。但就全球溫度上升的總體趨勢來看，白令海域這種不尋常的冬季少冰現(xiàn)象將來還會重現(xiàn)。答案：DⅡ.閱讀七選五Excellentleadershipisaboutbuildingupthepeoplearoundyou:trustingthem,empowering(授權(quán))them,andfinally,enablingthemtocontributetheirexpertknowledgesothattheteamcanbecomemorethanthesumtotalofitsparts.Butwhatdoesthatlooklikeinpractice?1Herearesomewaystohelpyourteamdobetter.Encourageopenandhonestcommunication.Createanenvironmentwhereopennessandhonestyinallaspectsofcommunicationareencouraged.2Askforandlistentofeedback(反饋)．Mostofall,ensureyourteammembershaveaclearpathtoyourdooriftheyneedit.Celebratetheirsuccess.Neverforgettopraisegoodideasortargetsmet.Shareyourteam'ssuccesswiththecompanyatlargeandsupportthemintakingontheleadership.Forbigwins,youcanevenorganizealunchordinnerwhereeverymemberoftheteamcanshareintheachievement.3Provideadequateresources(資源)andtraining.4Heorshehelpsthemtofindroomforadvancement,sotheycandeveloptheirskillsandmakeprogressintheirwork.Supportyourteambygivingthemtheresourcestheyneedtostandoutandreachthenextlevel.5Inyourtimeasaleader,thingswon'talwaysgosmoothly.Youmightevenmakeafewbadcalls.Whenthingsgowrong,youneedtofaceithead-on.Takeresponsibilityandworktogetherwithyourteamtosolvetheproblemsandreachthetarget.A．Keepyoureyeonthebigpicture.B．Beresponsibleforyourdecisionsandactions.C．Howeveryouchoosetomarkthemoment,doittogether.D．Greatleadersshowrespectforteammembersinanumberofways.E．Whatkindofactionscanyoutakeeverydaytohelpyourteamsucceed?F．Askpeopletosharetheirviewsandtalkabouttheproblemsintheirway.G．Agreatleaderdoesn'tjusthelptheirteammemberstodotheirjobofthepresenttime.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，如何才能讓團(tuán)隊更強大呢？1．解析：本段的開頭介紹了什么是優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。緊接著提出了兩個問題：那實踐當(dāng)中是什么樣的呢？每天如何做才能幫助你的團(tuán)隊成功呢？由空后的內(nèi)容可知，下文對本空提出的問題作了解答。答案：E2．解析：由本段的主旨句“Encourageopenandhonestcommunication.”可知，作者建議要鼓勵坦率、真誠的交流，故F項“讓人們用自己的方式分享觀點、討論問題”符合段意。答案：F3．解析：本空承接上句內(nèi)容，告訴我們無論怎樣慶祝這一時刻，一定要與團(tuán)隊在一起慶祝。答案：C4．解析：由空后內(nèi)容可知，團(tuán)隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不僅要幫助成員做好手頭的工作，還應(yīng)該幫助他們找到進(jìn)步的空間?？蘸蟮膆eorshe指的是本空中的agreatleader。答案：G5．解析：本段主要講團(tuán)隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要為自己的決策和行為負(fù)責(zé)，B項與本段內(nèi)容貼合，是本段的主旨句。答案：BⅢ.短文改錯IwasasweetandlovinggirlduringIwasveryyoung.Unfortunate,thingschanged.ItallstartedwhenIwasgivensmartphoneintheeighthgradebyagoodfriend.Ibecamefondofwatchingmovies,chatonlineandplayingaddictivegames.Naturally,Icouldn'tmakeprogressesinmystudyanymore.What'sworse,Ispentfewertimeincommunicatingwithmyparents.Thus,allofthemwere