2020-2021高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解綜合經(jīng)典題附詳細(xì)答案

一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1.閱讀理解Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCqfromtheairthahforesttrees.Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCQ.Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgasburningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?A.Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates. B.Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.C.Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy. D.Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?A.Howurbantreescanlivelonger. B.Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.C.Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions. D.Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmore”.【答案】（1）DAA（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：與長(zhǎng)在森林中的樹(shù)木相比，城市里的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.〃可知，如果沒(méi)有二氧化碳，地球?qū)?huì)極冷或極熱?？梢酝茢啵趸伎梢苑乐沟厍蜃兊貌贿m合居住。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.〃可知，研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)樹(shù)木的直徑是為了了解樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)速度。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.〃可知，與生長(zhǎng)在森林中的樹(shù)木相比，城市里的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快是因?yàn)樗鼈儫o(wú)需與鄰近的樹(shù)木爭(zhēng)奪光照，也能得到更多的氮量，還更容易得到水。光、氮和水都可以促進(jìn)樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)。由此可以推斷，城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木更可能獲得生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。文章首句就提到了一項(xiàng)新的研究結(jié)果：城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段說(shuō)到“以前有研究表明森林會(huì)吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的樹(shù)木一樣，這方面的數(shù)據(jù)不多。因此一些研究人員決定弄清楚〃；文章第四段再次介紹了他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介紹了城市里的樹(shù)木比森林中的樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)得更快的幾個(gè)原因。由此可以推斷，文章接下來(lái)很可能就要介紹城市里的樹(shù)木死得更早的原因。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings.XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures."Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnolongerbeaproblem,"hesaid."Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphone,whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks,"headded.ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties.Ifitisthelatter,isthereanyregulationofsecurity?Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?"GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheuniversity,saidshewelcomedthesystemsbeingappliedindormitoriesandlibrariesasthiscanhelppreventpersonalbelongingsbeingstolen,butitisnotnecessarytousesuchtechnologyintheclassroom."Iftheteacherteacheswell，thestudentswillbeinterested,"shesaid."Onthecontrary,thiskindofmonitoringwillmakeeveryonefeelresistant."ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityisnotthefirstuniversitytousefacialrecognitiontechnologyoncampus.Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.Butmanyarealsohesitantwhenitcomestoapplyingsuchtechnologyinclassrooms."Thisissuehasbeendebatedforquitealongtime,"ChuZhaohui,aseniorresearcherattheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences,toldChinaNationalRadio.AccordingtoChu,teachersandstudentswhoareunderobservationmightnotbehaveastheynormallywouldsincetheyknowtheyarebeingwatched."Camerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,"Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved.Heagreedthat"students'privacyneedstobeprotected".Healsosaidthatnotputtingclassroomsundercontrolisanimportantprinciple."Ifyoudon'tfollowthisprinciple,studentswillfalsifyanddisguisetheirstateoflistening,andteachersmayalsonotperformaswell.Thenrealteachingwillnotoccur,"headded.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems?A.Tohelpcheckstudentattendance.B.Tohelpmonitorstudentbehavior.C.Tohelpensurestudentsafety.D.TohelpprotectstudentprivacyWhatdoestheunderlinedword"ditch"inparagraph2mean?A.abandonB.attendC.dislikeD.enjoyWhat'sChuZhaohui'sattitudetowardsinstallingcamerasinclassrooms?A.favorableB.indifferentC.unfavorableD.neutralWhat'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducethefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems.B.Toexpresshispreferenceforfacialrecognitionsystems.C.Toexpresshisstrongdislikeforfacialrecognitionsystems.D.Tointroducepeople'sdifferentattitudestofacialrecognitionsystems.【答案】（1）DAC（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了江蘇省南京市的一所大學(xué)在教室里安裝了面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)來(lái)監(jiān)控學(xué)生的行為，這在網(wǎng)上引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"XuJianzhen，directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures.”該校圖書(shū)館信息中心主任徐建振告訴TbeP，該系統(tǒng)將幫助教師檢查學(xué)生出勤情況，并監(jiān)控學(xué)生在課堂上的行為）排除A和B；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety/全國(guó)許多大學(xué)都在校園入口處安裝了攝像頭，以確保安全排除C。D選項(xiàng)"幫助保護(hù)學(xué)生的隱私〃不是面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的功能，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的"oraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.〃或者讓其他學(xué)生幫他們簽到。可知上文意思是過(guò)去，一些學(xué)生只是簽到，然后逃課。"ditch"的意思是放棄，拋棄，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"'amerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,,Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved."不應(yīng)該僅僅為了有效的教學(xué)而在教室里安裝攝像頭，〃朱說(shuō)，因?yàn)槔蠋焸円苍诒挥^察。）由此推斷出，朱朝暉對(duì)在教室里安裝攝像頭持不贊成的態(tài)度，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince，hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.〃江蘇省南京市的一所大學(xué)在教室里安裝了面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)來(lái)監(jiān)控學(xué)生的行為，這在網(wǎng)上引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論?？赏茢喑?，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是介紹人們對(duì)人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的不同態(tài)度，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Peoplewhosleepfewerthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,researchersinUniversityofWarwickhavefoundinarecentstudy.Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.Theresearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwasassociatedwithproblemslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.However,theresearchersalsofoundthatsleepingtoomuchwaslinkedtoanearlydeath.Thosewhosleptformorethanninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested.Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeoplewhosleptfortenhoursorlongeranightweremorelikelytoliveto100.Thiswasthoughttobebecausepeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.However,theauthorsofthelatestresearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwasasignofunderlyingillnessessuchasdepressionandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioattheUniversityofWarwicksaid:"Whileshortsleepmayrepresentacauseofill-health,longsleepisbelievedtorepresentmoreanindicatorofill-health."Healsomentioned:"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours.Ontheotherhand,theworseningofourhealthisoftenaccompaniedbyanextensionofoursleepingtime.""Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments,"ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioadded.WhatdidresearchersinUniversityofWarwickfind?Peoplewhosleepfewerthan6hourseachnightdiebefore65.Sleepingformorethan9hoursanightdoesgoodtoone'shealth.Sixtoeighthours'sleepcanbeappropriateforpeople.Peopleatanoldagearehealthierbecausetheysleeplonger.WhatisProfessorFrancescoCappucciomostlikelytoagreewith?Longsleepiswhatcausesourhealthproblems.Modernpeoplesleeplessbecausetheyworklonger.Ourhealthbecomesworsebecausewesleepless.Howlongwesleepdependsonoureducation.Whatdidtheresearcherthinkmayhelppeoplehavepropersleep?A.Socialpressure. B.Longerworkinghours.C.Extensionofsleepingtime. D.Changesofworkingenvironments.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowLongShouldWeSleep B.LongerSleepMakesBetterHealthC.TimetoSleepEarly D.TheImportanceofSleep【答案】(1)C(2)B(3)D(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠不足6小時(shí)的人死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。每晚睡6至8小時(shí)最合適。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight."可知，研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠不足6小時(shí)的人在65歲之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小時(shí)的人高出12%。由此可知，每晚睡足6至8小時(shí)是比較合適的。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours"可知，ProfessorFrancescoCappuccio認(rèn)為：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，人們的平均睡眠時(shí)間逐漸減少，這種模式在全職工作者中更為常見(jiàn)，這可能是由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的社會(huì)壓力造成的。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments"可知，能否實(shí)現(xiàn)每晚睡足6至8小時(shí)這個(gè)目標(biāo)取決于環(huán)境的改變以及針對(duì)工作環(huán)境變化的公共衛(wèi)生措施等多種因素。由此可知，工作環(huán)境的改變是幫助人們獲得適當(dāng)睡眠的方法之一。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段點(diǎn)明研究結(jié)果：每晚睡眠不足6小時(shí)的人在65歲之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小時(shí)的人高出12%。下文針對(duì)這一研究結(jié)果，分析了導(dǎo)致這種結(jié)果的原因，解決方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此為中心展開(kāi)。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable（可重構(gòu)的）robotsthatcanfoldontheirown

fromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?Maybethoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?A.Itconsumeslotsoftime.C.Itrequirescomplextechniques.B.Itinvolvesinterestingideas.A.Itconsumeslotsoftime.C.Itrequirescomplextechniques.B.Itinvolvesinterestingideas.D.Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?A.Hopeful B.Doubtful. C.Disapproving. D.Ambiguous.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Culture. C.Education. D.Pop-science.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，折紙是一種具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，而現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到技術(shù)工程領(lǐng)域，人們利用折紙?jiān)韯?chuàng)造出了很多可折疊的裝置。折紙工程將在很大程度上影響未來(lái)的醫(yī)藥、計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器人行業(yè)。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.“可知，折紙是一個(gè)具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，我們不用裁剪或拼貼，只通過(guò)折疊就可以把一張正方形或者三角形的紙變成動(dòng)物、紙盒、花、船等東西，由此推測(cè)折紙需要有創(chuàng)造性的和有趣的想法。故選B。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折紙愛(ài)好者Lang向一位制造商建議了把安全氣囊折疊到儀表盤(pán)中的最佳方式。故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmight而38丘”可知ErikDemaine認(rèn)為折紙工程的應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的想象，由此可推測(cè)ErikDemaine對(duì)折紙工程的未來(lái)充滿希望。故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap."；第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”；第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.和第五段中的“‘Someday,‘saysMIT'sErikDemaine,/we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重構(gòu)的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’可知衛(wèi)星，安全氣囊的折疊，未來(lái)電腦的發(fā)展和未來(lái)可重構(gòu)機(jī)器人，這些都和科學(xué)技術(shù)相關(guān)，故推測(cè)本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)板塊。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解YellowstoneNationalParkistheflagshipoftheNationalParkServiceandafavoritetomillionsofvisitorseachyear.Theparkisamajordestinationforallmembersofthefamily.Bydrivingthegrandlooproad,visitorscanviewtheparkfromthecomfortoftheirvehicleandalsotakearestatoneofthemanyroadsidepicnicareas.Howmuchistheentrancefee?$25-Private,noncommercialvehicle;$20-Motorcycleorsnowmobile(winter);$12-Visitors16andolderenteringbyfoot,bike,ski,etc.Thisfeeprovidesthevisitorwitha7-dayentrancepermitforbothYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.A$50parkannualpassprovidesentranceforasingleprivatenon-commercialvehicleatYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.The$10InteragencySeniorPass(62andolder)isalifetimepassavailabletoU.S.citizensorpermanentresidents.Wherecanyoustay?InsideYellowstone,youcanchoosetostayinmodernorhistorichotelsandcabinsinsidetheparkliketheOldFaithfulInn,theworld'slargestlogstructure.Forthosewhowanttobealittleclosertonature,thereare12campgroundswitharangeofservicesfromprimitivepittoiletstoshowerandlaundryfacilities.There'salsoRVcampingwithandwithoutdumpingstations.StayingoutsidetheparkgivesyouuniqueOldWestexperiencesbutstillkeepsyouclosetoparkattractions.Ifyou'retakingaroadtriptoYellowstone,you'llwanttocheckoutourHotelsandCabinsOnTheRoadsection.Theentrancefeeslistedonthewebpagedon'tapplyto.A.temporaryresidentsintheUSA B.vehiclesinvolvingbusinessactivitiesC.visitorsoutofacertainagerange D.privatemotorcyclesandsnowmobilesWhatareyoulikelytoacquireintheOldFaithfulInn?A.Uniqueoldwestexperiences. B.Primitivepittoiletsandshower.C.Knowledgeoforiginofthepark. D.RVcampingwithdumpingsites.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Amagazine. B.Atextbook. C.Anotice. D.Atravelguide.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了黃石公園的門(mén)票以及可以選擇的住宿及游玩的地方。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Howmuchistheentrancefee?”下分別列出了私家非商務(wù)車入園的價(jià)格，摩托車或雪地車（冬季）入園的價(jià)格以及16歲以上的人步行、騎自行車或帶滑雪板入園的價(jià)格，沒(méi)有涉及到商務(wù)車入園的價(jià)格。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Wherecanyoustay?部分中的“InsideYellowstone,youcanchoosetostayinmodernorhistorichotelsandcabinsinsidetheparkliketheOldFaithfulInn,theworld'slargestlogstructure.”在黃石公園里邊，你可以呆在像theOldFaithfulInn這樣的旅館里，有現(xiàn)代的、歷史的旅館和小棚屋。，由其中的historic及morden可知，我們有可能從這些建筑中了解公園的起源。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了黃石公園的門(mén)票及游玩住宿的地方，并且主要是提供給大家一些信息，所以應(yīng)出自于與旅游指南。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed（稱贊）therobotsthat"couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines."Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate（賦予…生命）dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate"adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat."Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures"say"orsqueak,theydon'tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots'behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whenthe

robotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon'tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem(自尊).Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat"feel."HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren'spersonality.Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots.aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeingsareunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildrenaresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeingsarenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildrenTheunderlinedphrase"essentialequipment"inParagraph4refersto.A.emotion B.pain C.fear D.thinkingWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionA.B.C.D.B.C.【答案】（1）D(2)B(3)A(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，新的社交機(jī)器人與以往機(jī)器人不同，他們不僅比我們聰明還有他們的個(gè)性。時(shí)代周刊稱它徹底改變了我們與機(jī)器互動(dòng)的方式。但是對(duì)這種改變有的科學(xué)家贊同而有很多人也很擔(dān)憂。

(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.”可知，新的社交機(jī)器人與像蘋(píng)果的Siri這樣的助理有相同之處，但比它們有更多功能；再根據(jù)第一段中的"Timemagazinehailed(稱贊)therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”可知，社交機(jī)器人徹底改變了我們與機(jī)器互動(dòng)的方式，可以推知以一種新的方式與人們交流互動(dòng)。故選D。(2)考查推理判斷。Cozmo是第三段的舉例，舉例肯定是用來(lái)證明本段或者其前邊的觀點(diǎn)的。本段的中心是“60壯^8attachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though/與洋娃娃相處與與社交機(jī)器相處是不同的；再根據(jù)第三段中的"Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?”你覺(jué)得忽略了機(jī)器人而難受，但是機(jī)器人并不會(huì)感覺(jué)被忽略，或者你感覺(jué)機(jī)器人冷落了你而難受但是機(jī)器人根本不知道它冷落了你，這些意味著什么呢？可知，社交機(jī)器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故選B。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的"Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.〃可知，社交機(jī)器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交機(jī)器人的思維可能是在想，但是他們的感覺(jué)從來(lái)不是感覺(jué)，他們的愛(ài)也從來(lái)不是愛(ài)。這句話是證明劃線單詞所在句子的論點(diǎn)的，他們是會(huì)同情的機(jī)器，但是他們?nèi)鄙俑星?，?dǎo)致他們所謂的感情是假的。所以劃線單詞詞意為情感。故選A。(4)考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。分析文章內(nèi)容，第一段提出觀點(diǎn)：社交機(jī)器人改變了我們與機(jī)器互動(dòng)的方式。第二段提出一些支持這一改變的專家的想法，第三段提出一些人對(duì)這一改變的擔(dān)憂，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分別是這些人的三點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂。最后一段總結(jié)這一趨勢(shì)面臨的現(xiàn)狀。所以文章提出觀點(diǎn)后，分為支持和反對(duì)兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，反對(duì)方面又列出了三點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂，最后一段總結(jié)。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie.TheholesatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyouswallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon'tchoketodeath.It'sdebatablewhetherthatlastonethereiscommonknowledgeornot.AquickGooglesearchofthefact,rewrittenasaquestion,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackseveralyears,withthelatest(re)appearingjustthisweekoveronScienceAlerWesupposeit'soneofthosethingsthatcomeupfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon(notmuch,asitturnsout).IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs(frequentlyaskedquestions),itquiteclearlystates:"ThereasonthatsomeBIC?penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfromcompletelyobstructingtheairwayifaccidentallybreathedin.ThisisrequestedbytheinternationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaseswherethecapisconsideredtoolargetobeachokingrisk."That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingtocomeupinapubquizoneday.Didyouknow,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencanproduceatleast2kilometers(1.2miles)ofinkbeforeitbeginstorunout?Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers(4,505miles)ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens(中性筆),androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard.ThebestpartoftheBicsite,however,isthisrathercuriousfact:"100percentofpenballsaremadethroughahighly-controlledprocess."Asopposedtoahighlyuncontrolledprocess,involvingexplosionsandbouncycastlesandtotalchaos,wesuppose.WhydoestheauthormentionthecaseofYellowstone?A.Tolistthefacts. B.Toprovehispoint.C.Tocomparethetwosituations. D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofsafety.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obstructing"inparagraph2mean?A.Block. B.Open.