英語簡單句的五種基本句型

英語(yīnɡyǔ)的根本句型

第一頁，共30頁。11.主語(zhǔyǔ)(Subject)表示句子說的是“什么人〞或“什么事〞。通常(tōngcháng)由名詞、代詞、主語從句或doing短語等充當(dāng)。例如：1.Myteacherhatestellinglies.〔指老師這個(gè)人〕2.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastthirtyyears.所發(fā)生的事情(shìqing)—變化〕第二頁，共30頁。22.謂語(wèiyǔ)(Predicate)說明主語“做什么〞“是什么〞或“怎么樣〞。通常由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語結(jié)合(jiéhé)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等充當(dāng)。要弄清兩個(gè)概念：及物動(dòng)詞：后面直接接賓語的動(dòng)詞；不及物動(dòng)詞：后面不能直接接賓語的動(dòng)詞。例如(lìrú)：1.Childrenlikeplayinggames.2.Theyweretalkingaboutanewfilm.第三頁，共30頁。33.賓語(bīnyǔ)(Object)常指及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面使之意思(yìsī)完整的詞或短語。常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或doing短語等充當(dāng)。例如(lìrú)：1.Shehasfinisheddoingtheexperiment.2.WelikeEnglishandaregoodatit.第四頁，共30頁。44.表語(biǎoyǔ)(Predicative)與系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)特征等。常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞(shùcí)、短語或從句等充當(dāng)。英語中常見的連系動(dòng)詞有:look;sound;feel;seem等。例如(lìrú)：1.Hergrandfatherisanengineer.2.Thetwocountrieswereatwarthen.3.Thefactseemsthathedidn’tnoticethecar.第五頁，共30頁。55.定語(dìngyǔ)(Attributive)常指修飾名詞的詞或短語。常由形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞(fēncí)短語等充當(dāng)。例如(lìrú)：1.Theblacksweaterismine.2.Wehaveeightclasseseveryday.3.Thecoffeecuponthetableismine.第六頁，共30頁。66.狀語(zhuàngyǔ)(Adverbial)常指修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞的成分，修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示(biǎoshì)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的或方式等；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)表示(biǎoshì)它們的程度等。狀語常由副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞短語等充當(dāng)。例如(lìrú)：1.Theminersworkveryhard.2.SheoftenhelpsMikeatschool.3.Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelpjumping.第七頁，共30頁。77.賓語(bīnyǔ)補(bǔ)足語(ObjectComplement)常指補(bǔ)充說明賓語的成分(chéngfèn)，邏輯上與賓語是“主謂〞關(guān)系。常由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞短語等充當(dāng)。例如(lìrú)：1.Shekeepsthehousecleaneveryday.2.Nobodycallsmealiar.3.Welastsawhimplayingontheplayground.第八頁，共30頁。8五種根本(gēnběn)句型主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)Everybodysmiled.2.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+賓語Heknowseverything.3.主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+間接賓語+直接賓語Ishowedhimmypassport.4.主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+表語Theboylookshealthy.5.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語Whatmadeyouangry?祈使句的主語一般(yībān)都省略掉第九頁，共30頁。9一主語(zhǔyǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞1.主語(zhǔyǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞Thesunisrising.Itwillsnow.Canyoufly?2.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+狀語Didyousleepwell?Sheoftendreams.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.第十頁，共30頁。103.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+副詞(構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞)Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Thebombblewup.4.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)(有被動(dòng)意思)Isthebooksellingwell?Doesthisclothwashwell?第十一頁，共30頁。11二主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+賓語1.主語(zhǔyǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+名詞(代詞)Doyouknowthem?Helovedice-cream.2.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+反身代詞NowIwillintroducemyself.Theyblamedthemselvesfortheaccident.第十二頁，共30頁。123.主語(zhǔyǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+不定式(做賓語)Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.Youmusttrytoimprove.Heforgotwhichwaytogo.4.主語(zhǔyǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+doing(做賓語)Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?Ipreferstanding.Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.第十三頁，共30頁。135.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+從句(cónɡjù)(做賓語)Heclaimedthathesawtheaccident.Isuggested(that)we(should)leaveearly.DoyouseewhyIdidit?Sheaskedifshemightcallandseeme.I’lldowhatIcan.Idon’trememberwhenthathappened.第十四頁，共30頁。14三主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+間接賓語+直接賓語1.主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+人+物Shegavemehertelephonenumber.(to)I’llmakeyousomefreshtea.(for)Theyboughthimanewbike.2.主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+人+從句Ihavewarnedhimthatitisnotallowed.Sheshowedmewhereherleghurt.Tellmewhateveryouknowaboutit.第十五頁，共30頁。15間接賓語前需要(xūyào)加to的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,read,write等。

間接賓語前需要(xūyào)加for的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，choose,sing,等。

第十六頁，共30頁。161.感官類：feel,look,sound,taste,smell.

2.變化(biànhuà)類：grow,become,turn,get,go3.其他類：cometrue,fallill,staycalm,keepfit,remainseated,standstillseemsad,appearrich,proveuseful四主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+表語第十七頁，共30頁。171.主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+形容詞Howareyou?I’mfine.Hehasfallenill.Theykeptsilent.2.主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+名詞Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.Heappearedafool.Itsoundsagoodidea.第十八頁，共30頁。183.主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+副詞IsHelenin?Summerisover.Thelightison.4.主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+介詞短語Youknowwhatyouareafter.Keepoffthegrass.Thestudentsareinfavourofreform.5.主語+系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)+不定式Hisplanistokeepitsecret.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.第十九頁，共30頁。196.主語+系動(dòng)詞+doingMyjobisrepairingcars.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.Hishobbyisplayingchess.7.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(biǎoyǔ)從句Myopinionisthattheplanwon’twork.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.That’swherewediffer.That’showIlookatit.Theproblemiswhocanbeputincharge.第二十頁，共30頁。208.主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞短語Sheisfondofthiscountry.Iwassickoflyinginbed.Theyseemdelightedwiththeresult.9.主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式〔原因(yuányīn)狀語〕I’mhappytomeetyou.Shewaseagertoseeherpeople.10.主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+賓語從句I’mgladyouhavecome.We’renotclearwhatthey’reupto.Iamnotcertainwhoheis.He’sdoubtfulwhetherhecanaffordit.第二十一頁，共30頁。21五.主語(zhǔyǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)1.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+賓語+形容詞Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Theydidn’tbelievesuchathingpossible.Youmustmaketheclassroomclean.2.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+賓語+名詞TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.WeelectedSmithourchairman.第二十二頁，共30頁。223.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞短語(duǎnyǔ)Heputhisbooksinorder.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.Shewasplacedinaverydifficultposition.4.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+副詞Shewishedherselfhome.Don’tleavemebehind.5.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Iwishyoutobehappy.Theteachersencourageustokeeptrying.第二十三頁，共30頁。236.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+賓語+不帶to的不定式Wecan’tletthisgoon.Didyounoticehimcomein?7.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+賓語+doingIsawherchattingwithNancy.Ifoundaboysleepinginclass.Youmustn’tleavethelightsburning.8.主語+及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)+賓語+過去分詞Hehadhishaircutyesterday.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.Youhavetogetthecomputerrepaired.第二十四頁，共30頁。24練習(xí):判斷下面的句子(jùzi)是哪種句型Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.Theyprovedthattheearthwasround.Thisfoodlooksinviting.Doingthatwouldbeplayingwithfire.主謂主謂賓主系表主謂賓第二十五頁，共30頁。255.Theykepttheirroomtidyandclean.6.Heplayedhappily.7.Iadvisewaitingtilltomorrowmorning8.Showmewhatyoubought.9.Sheneverdoubtedthatshe wasright.10.Goodfoodkeepsyou healthy.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂主謂賓