壟斷競爭財經(jīng)經(jīng)濟學(xué)院馮

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Whydoesamonopolisticallycompetitivefirmhaveadownward-slodemandcurve?Becausethefirmisconsideredtobeamonopolyinitsownmarket.BecausechangingthepricewillaffectthetyBecausethefirmisclosetoapricetaker,likeawheatBecausethelevelofoutputproduceddependson Ifafirmthathastheabilitytoaffectthepriceofthegoodorserviceitsells,whatistherelationshipbetweenitsmarginalrevenuecurveanditsdemandThefirmwillhaveamarginalrevenuecurvethatisThefirmwillhaveamarginalrevenuecurvethatisbelowitsdemandcurve.Thefirmwillhaveamarginalrevenuecurvethatisthesameasitsdemandcurve.Thefirmwillhaveanupward-slomarginalrevenuecurveandadownward-slodemandcurve.

完全競爭企業(yè)在長期平均成本LAC3 d——完全競爭廠商所的需求曲線QQ表示競爭廠商有充分利用現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備QQ表示競爭廠商

?競爭廠商的長期均

有地使用社會資源，以擴大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，將生產(chǎn)的平均總成本降到最低水平。O

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CIsIsMonopolisticCompetitionMonopolisicCompetitionand 認為 BecauseP>MC,themarkettyisbelowthesociallyefficientty.

theproduct-varietythebusiness-stealingIsIsMonopolisticCompetitionHowConsumersBenefitfromMonopolisticTheperfectlycompetitivefirmissellingagoodorserviceidenticaltothosebeingsoldbyitscompetitors.Akeypointtorememberisthatfirmsdifferentiatetheirproductstoappealtoconsumers.Thesuccessoftheseproductdifferentiationstrategiesindicatesthatsomeconsumersfindtheseproductspreferabletothealternatives.Consumers,therefore,arebetteroffthantheywouldhavebeenhadthesecompaniesnotdifferentiatedtheirproducts.

HowdoconsumersbenefitfrommonopolisticConsumerscanpurchasethegoodsproducedatthelowestpossibleprices.Consumersdon’thavetopaythehighpricesassociatedConsumersenjoyagreatervarietyofConsumersdon’tbenefitatallfrommonopolistic4 在競爭行業(yè)，當(dāng)企業(yè)銷售有差別產(chǎn)品并收取高于邊際成本的價格時，每個企業(yè)都有以做來吸引自己特一般來說，產(chǎn)品的差異越大，企業(yè)投入的越多。用于的資源是不是一種社會浪費？

TheCritiqueofCriticsofadvertisingSocietyiswastingtheresourcesitdevotestoAdvertisingimpedescompetitionitcreatestheperceptionthatproductsaremoredifferentiatedthantheyreallyare,allowinghighermarkups.TheDefenseofDefendersofadvertisingItprovidesusefulinformationtoInformedbuyerscanmoreeasilyfindandexploitpriceThus,advertisingpromotescompetitionandreducesmarketpower.ResultsofaprominentEyeglassesweremoreexpensiveinthatprohibitedadvertisingbyeyeglassmakersthaninstatesthatdidnotrestrictsuchadvertising.品牌BrandInmanymarkets,brandnameproductscoexistwithgenericones.Firmswithbrandnamesusuallyspendmoreonadvertising,chargehigherpricesfortheproducts.

AdvertisingasaSignalofAfirm’swillingnesstospendhugeonadvertisingmaysignalthequalityofitsproducttoconsumers,regardlessofthecontentofads.Adsmayconvincebuyerstotryaproductonce,buttheproductmustbeofhighqualityforpeopletoerepeatbuyers.Themostexpensiveadsarenotworthwhileunlesstheyleadtorepeatbuyers.WhenconsumersseeexpensivetheythinktheproductmustbegoodiftheiswillingtospendsomuchonTheCritiqueofBrandCriticsofbrandnamesBrandnamescauseconsumerstoperceivedifferencesthatdonotreallyexist.Consumers’willingnesstopaymoreforbrandnamesisirrational,fosteredbyadvertising.g tnfswodeinflunefbrad,ltinlowr.5TheTheDefenseofBrandDefendersofbrandnamesBrandnamesprovideinformationaboutqualityCompanieswithbrandnameshavetomaintainquality,toprotectthereputationoftheirbrand

Differentiatedproductsareeverywhere;examplesofmonopolisticcompetitionabound.Thetheoryofmonopolisticcompetitiondescribesmanymarketsintheeconomy,yetofferslittleguidancetomakerslookingtoimprovethemarket’sallocationofresources. EEOQ>OQ’P藍色：競紅色：完全

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Centry/exitlong-runecon.theproductsfirmsfirmhasmarketnone,price-Dcurvefacingclosedownward-