英語講義閱讀理解

閱讀理解}

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頁閱讀理解徐琪?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?閱讀理解}

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頁目錄閱讀理解................................................................2一、題型分析........................................................21.主旨大意題....................................................22.判斷推理題....................................................33.詞義推斷題....................................................44.細節(jié)理解題....................................................5二、解題方法........................................................6三、閱讀技巧........................................................7?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?閱讀理解}

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頁閱讀理解主講：徐琪目錄一、題型分析二、解題方法三、閱讀技巧一、題型分析1.

主旨大意題2.

判斷推理題3.

詞義推斷題4.

細節(jié)理解題1.

主旨大意題What

is

the

main

idea

of

the

passage?What

does

the

passage

mainly

concern?The

main

theme

of

the

passage

is

______.The

main

point

of

the

passage

is______.Which

of

the

following

is

the

best

title

for

the

passage?The

title

that

best

expresses

the

theme

of

the

passage

is_.The

purpose

of

the

writer

writing

this

passage

is_____.典例分析

Domestic

horses

now

pull

ploughs,

race

in

the

Kentucky

Derby,

and

carrypolice.

But

early

horses

weren't

tame

enough

to

perform

these

kinds

of

tasks.Scientists

think

the

first

interactions

humans

had

with

horses

were

fardifferent

from

those

today.Thousands

of

years

ago,

people

killed

the

wild

horses

that

lived

around?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?

閱讀理解them

for

food.

Over

time,

people

began

to

catch

the

animals

and

raise

them.This

was

the

first

step

in

domestication.

As

people

began

to

tame

and

ride

horses,

they

chose

to

keep

those

animalsthat

had

more

desirable

characteristics.

For

example,

people

may

have

chosento

keep

horses

that

had

a

gentle

personality

so

they

could

be

ridden

more

easily.People

who

used

horses

to

pull

heavy

loads

would

have

chosen

to

keep

strongeranimals.

Characteristics

like

strength

are

partly

controlled

by

the

animals'genes.Soasthedomesticatedhorsesreproduced,theypassedthecharacteristics

on

to

their

young.

Each

new

generation

of

houses

would

showmore

of

these

chosen

characteristics.

Modern

day

horse

breeds

come

in

a

wide

variety

of

shapes

and

sizes.

Thisvariety

didn't

exist

in

the

horse

population

before

domestication.

TheShetland

horse

is

one

of

the

smallest

breeds

—

typically

reaching

only

onemeter

tall.

With

short,

strong

legs,

the

animals

were

bred

to

pull

coal

outof

mine

shafts

with

low

ceilings.

Huge

horses

like

the

Clydesdale

came

on

thescene

around

1700.

People

bred

these

heavy,

tall

horses

to

pull

large

vehiclesused

for

carrying

heavy

loads.

The

domestication

of

horses

has

had

great

effects

on

societies.

Forexample,

horses

were

important

tools

in

the

advancement

of

modern

agriculture.Using

them

to

pull

ploughs

and

carry

heavy

loads

allowed

people

to

farm

moreefficiently.

Before

they

were

able

to

ride

horses,

humans

had

to

cross

landon

foot.

Riding

horses

allowed

people

to

travel

far

greater

distance

in

muchless

time.

That

encouraged

populations

living

in

different

areas

to

interactwith

one

another.

The

new

form

of

rapid

transportation

helped

cultures

spreadaround

the

world.The

passage

is

mainly

about

________.A.

why

humans

domesticated

horsesB.

how

humans

and

horses

needed

each

otherC.

why

horses

came

in

different

shapes

and

sizesD.

how

human

societies

and

horses

influenced

each

other2.

判斷推理題From

paragraph

one

we

can

infer

that______.What

can

be

inferred

from

the

passage?What

can

we

learn

from

……？We

can

conclude

from

the

passage

that______.The

author

implies

that______.The

passage

would

most

likelybe

found

in______.The

author’

attitude

toward…is

______.

}

第

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頁

?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?閱讀理解

典例分析

Michael

Fish

may

soon

be

replaced

as

a

weather

forecaster

by

something

truly

fisher-the

shark

(鯊魚).

Research

by

a

British

biology

student

suggests

that

sharks

could

be

used

to

predict

storms.

Lauren

Smith,

24,

is

close

to

completing

her

study

on

shark's

ability

to

sense

pressure.If

her

studiesprove

the

theory,

scientists

may

be

able

to

monitor

thebehavior

of

sharks

to

predict

bad

weather.

……

It

has

been

discovered

that

a

shark

senses

pressure

using

hair

cellsin

its

balance

system.

At

the

Bimini,

Shark

Lab

in

the

Bahamas,

Miss

Smith

fixed

hi-tech

sensorsto

sharks

to

record

pressure

and

temperature,while

also

tracking

them

usingGPS

(Global

Positioning

System)

technology.

In

Aberdeen,

she

was

able

to

study

the

effects

of

tidal

(潮汐的)

andtemperature

changes

on

dogfish-none

of

which

were

harmed.

She

also

used

aspecial

lab

which

can

mimic(模擬)

oceanic

pressure

changes

caused

by

weatherfronts.

She

is

due

to

complete

her

study

and

graduate

later

this

year.

Shesays

she

will

be

looking

for

a

job

which

will

give

her

the

chance

to

enrichher

experience

of

shark

research.1.

The

passage

is

most

probably

taken

from

_____.A.

short-story

collectionB.

a

popular

science

magazineC.

a

research

paperD.

a

personal

diary2.

What

do

we

learn

from

the

first

two

paragraphs

of

the

passage?A.B.C.D.Sharks

may

be

used

to

predict

bad

weather.Sharks'

behavior

can

be

controlled.Michael

Fish

is

not

qualified

for

his

job.Lauren

Smith

will

become

a

weather

forecaster.3.

詞義推斷題Which

of

the

following

is

the

closest

in

meaning

to

the

word…?The

word…

could

best

be

replaced

by…?According

to

the

passage,

…probably

means…?

}

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4

頁

?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?

閱讀理解The

author

uses

the

word

…to

mean…?The

word…is

most

likely

to

mean…?In

the

…paragraph,

the

word…probably

means…?典例分析Dear

Hamilton,

We

are

fortunate

that

in

such

a

large,

high-pressure

office

we

allget

along

so

well.

You

are

one

of

the

people

who

keep

the

social

temperaturewho

is

betterat

such

a

comfortable

setting.

I

don't

know

anyone

in

the

officeliked

than

you.Youcanperhapshelpwiththis.Thecollectionofcontributions

towards

gifts

for

employees'

personal-life

events

isbecoming

a

little

troubling.

Certainly,

the

group

sending

of

a

gift

isreasonable

now

and

then.

In

the

past

month,

however,

there

have

beencollections

for

two

baby

shower

gifts,

one

wedding

shower

gift,

two

weddinggifts,

one

funeral

(葬禮)

remembrance,

four

birthday

gifts,

and

threegraduation

gifts.

It's

not

only

the

collected-from

who

are

growing

uncomfortable

(andpoor),

but

the

collected-for

feeluneasy

receiving

gifts

from

people

whodon't

know

them

outside

the

office,

who

wouldn't

even

recognizetheir

graduating

children,

their

marrying

daughters

and

sons,

or

their

deadrelatives.

This

is

basically

a

kind

gesture

(and

one

that

people

think

well

ofyou

for),

but

the

practice

seems

to

havebecome

too

wide-ranging

and

feels

improper

in

today's

office

setting.

Thank

you

for

understanding.The

underlined

word

"contributions"

probably

means

_____.A.B.C.D.moneysuggestionsreportsunderstanding4.細節(jié)理解題According

to

the

author,

who/what/when/where/which..?Which

of

the

following

statements

is

true/

not

true?The

statement

made

by

the

author

is

based

on

tbe

evidence/example/factthat______.Which

of

the

following

statement

is

NOT

mentioned

in

the

text?The

author

states

all

of

the

following

EXCEPT______.

}

第

5

頁

?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?閱讀理解

典例分析

Sometimes

you'll

hear

people

say

that

you

can't

love

others

until

you

love

yourself.

Sometimes

you'll

hear

people

say

that

you

can't

expect

someone

else

to

love

you

until

you

love

yourself.

Either

way,

you've

got

to

love

yourself

first

and

this

can

be

tricky.

Sure

we

all

know

that

we're

the

apple

of

our

parents'

eyes,

and

that

our

Grandmas

think

we're

great

talents

and

our

Uncle

Roberts

think

that

we

will

go

to

the

Olympics,

but

sometimes

it's

a

lot

harder

to

think

such

nice

thoughts

about

ourselves.

If

you

find

that

believing

in

yourself

is

a

challenge,

it

is

time

you

built

a

positive

self-image

and

learnt

to

love

yourself.

Self-image

is

your

own

mind's

picture

of

yourself.

This

image

includes

the

way

you

look,

the

way

you

act,

the

way

you

talk

and

the

way

you

think.

Interestingly,

our

self-images

are

often

quite

different

from

the

images

others

hold

about

us.

Unfortunately,

most

of

these

images

are

more

negative

than

they

should

be.

Thus

changing

the

way

you

think

about

yourself

is

the

key

to

changing

your

self-image

and

your

whole

world.

The

best

way

to

defeat

a

passive

self-image

is

to

step

back

and

decide

to

stress

your

successes.

That

is,

make

a

list

if

you

need

to,

but

write

down

all

of

the

great

things

you

do

every

day.

Don't

allow

doubts

to

occur

in

it.

1.

You

need

to

build

a

positive

self-image

when

you

_________.A.B.C.D.dare

to

challenge

yourselffeel

it

hard

to

change

yourselfare

unconfident

about

yourselfhave

a

high

opinion

of

yourself2.

According

to

the

passage,

our

self-images

_________.A.B.C.D.have

positive

effectsare

probably

untrueare

often

changeablehave

different

functions二、解題方法1.先看文章，再看試題

優(yōu)點：閱讀視野廣闊，心中有數(shù)，主次分明，閱讀重點突出。

局限：要求快讀閱讀技巧高，短時間內(nèi)通過關(guān)鍵詞找到中心內(nèi)容2.先看試題，再看文章

優(yōu)點：閱讀目的性強，可減少無關(guān)信息的閱讀時間。

局限：做題時對全局顧忌較難，對記憶力的要求特別高。

}

第

6

頁

?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?閱讀理解}

第

7

頁三、閱讀技巧1.

提高閱讀理解能力2.

提高閱讀的速度1.

提高閱讀理解能力1）通讀全文，掌握大意，抓住中心。具體要求：a.

速讀法，粗略地瀏覽全文，初步了解大意b.

不要對每句話，每個詞都作為重點仔細閱讀，目光掃視某些句子時，只需要看關(guān)鍵詞即可。2）帶著問題閱讀，作出選擇或判斷。具體要求：a.

略讀——審設(shè)問——復(fù)讀（精讀）b.

復(fù)讀是一種跳讀，在跳讀過程中不斷捕捉答題所需要的信息和知識，然后進行精讀。c.

主要注意文章中的時間、地點、人物、數(shù)字、主要情節(jié)及因果關(guān)系等。3）正確理解文章的標題。4）進一步把握文章的中心思想。具體要求：a.

把握文章中心的位置（句首，句中，句末）b.

理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)具備概括文章中心思想的能力5）運用推理解釋詞義具體要求：出現(xiàn)生詞，不必慌張。因為詞匯并非獨立存在，而是在一定的語境中存在的?？梢赃\用構(gòu)詞法、反義詞、同義詞、上下文及邏輯關(guān)系進行猜測。6）抓住關(guān)鍵詞，排除難句。具體要求：抓住關(guān)鍵詞，正確分析句群（主從句）

、意群，理解各個句子

的語法成分，理清它們之間的關(guān)系。例

1.

The

American

economic

system

is,

organized

around

a

basicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-

oriented

economy

in

which

consumers

largelydetermine

what

shall

be

produced

by

spending

their

money

in

the

marketplace?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?閱讀理解}

第

8

頁for

those

goods

and

services

that

they

want

most.[參考譯文]

美國的經(jīng)濟是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟中，

消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費來決定什么應(yīng)該被制造出來。例

2.

Thus,

in

the

American

economic

system

it

is

the

demand

of

individualconsumers,

coupled

with

the

desire

of

businessmen

to

maximize

profits

and

thedesire

of

individuals

to

maximize

their

incomes,

that

together

determine

whatshall

be

produced

and

how

resources

are

used

to

produce

it.[參考譯文]

因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結(jié)合，一起決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。2.提高閱讀的速度1）改正不正確的閱讀習(xí)慣：①

要盡力一直嘴唇動作和低聲閱讀②克服閱讀時眼睛回視的習(xí)慣2）強迫按照規(guī)定要求的時間進行閱讀并選擇答案3）閱讀時不要把英文翻譯為中文閱讀理解真題練習(xí)

National

Development

and

Reform

Commission,

Chen

Jianguo,

the

24thIndustrial

Coordination

Division

in

the

"2011

China

Automotive

Consumer

Forum",pointed

out

that

the

city

car

traffic

,

resource

consumption

and

thecontradictions

between

the

restriction

can

not

be

simple

to

solve,

but

throughdifferential

taxation

and

other

economic

means

to

resolve,

or

both

hurtconsumers,

but

also

hurt

the

industry.

Beijing

to

implement

the

purchase

of

auto

policy,

consider

some

of

thecentral

cities

that

follow

in

Beijing.

In

this

regard,

Chen

Jianguo

said

thatChina

and

Singapore,

Hong

Kong

and

other

non-industrialized

countries

aredifferent

areas,

if

the

arbitrary

limit

consumption,

despite

the

short-termquick,

but

the

economic

damage

will

be

very

serious.

In

an

interview

with

Chen

Jianguo,

"Economic

Information

Daily,"

aninterview

that

taxation

is

reasonable

to

set

the

key

to

guide

car

consumption.Automotive

consumer

to

buy,

possess,

use

three

stages,

should

be

tax

cuts

inthe

purchase

link

in

with

aspects

of

appropriate

tax,

increased

use

of

partof

the

taxes,

so

that

consumers

are

willing

to

buy

a

car,

the

courage

to

buya

car,

save

the

car,

in

order

to

achieve

environmental

and

economic

win-winsituation.?D1ú??·?DDò챨????μμ×êá?}

第

9

頁

閱讀理解1.

Chen

Jianguo

think

how

to

solve

urban

traffic

congestion?A.

Increase

taxesC.

Restrict

the

purchase

of

B.

Less

taxD.

The

differential

tax2.

Which

of

the

following

is

the

advantage

of