2023年上海市英語高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)精講精練專題02：非謂語動(dòng)詞用法梳理梳理含詳解

A專題02非謂語動(dòng)詞用法梳理+高考題型組合練

V【考精甚而

浜謂語劭祠是裔考旅帝孽要的勢考專旗直，兒字占語法碗或三今之一今值。媒謂語包括初祠又定哀、

劫名詞及現(xiàn)今多福易過去臺(tái)詞。要反清琳謂得構(gòu)鼠及其各種形式。然謂得i要考垂直合別有：

1.劭祠系定式的正硝運(yùn)用，尤其是狡劭式、進(jìn)行式為完戚式的正確運(yùn)用：

2.現(xiàn)忘今詞易過去今銅的區(qū)別，尤其是現(xiàn)衣合祠被,劫蚊打完成式的正確運(yùn)用、現(xiàn)左合詞苫過去今詞作

表徐、友語，賓語科是語如技得的區(qū)別山及合祠點(diǎn)with復(fù)合秸構(gòu)及獨(dú)g：珞精相中的運(yùn)用。

3.劭名詞的正牖運(yùn)用：介詞后接的劭名祠的用荏，常見接劭名錮作賓鑄?的劭詞，金勒名詞的多見（S定.句

型，尤其是被劫或和完鼠式的正確運(yùn)用”及復(fù)合秸構(gòu)的正確也釧。

【要點(diǎn)僦理】

＞考點(diǎn)一：不定式用法

1.構(gòu)成

一般式todo/被動(dòng)tobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

完成式tohavedone/被動(dòng)tohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing

1.Tocatchthetrain,we'dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.

2.1meanttohavefinishedmyworklastnight,butIdidn'tfeelverywell.

3.Ithasbeenanhonorformelohavebeeninvitedtoyourcountry.

4.IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgotthere.

【經(jīng)典題例】

l.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported(break)theworldrecordin

the110-meterhurdlerace.

2.Whenmotherenteredtheroomlastnight,Ipretended(work)onthecomputer.

3.Shewasthefirstwoman(elect)tosuchapost.

4.Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.

注意①seem;appear;besaid;besupposed;bebelieved;bethought;beknown;bereported等動(dòng)詞常用不定式。注

意②expect/hope/intend/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成時(shí)，表示“過去未曾實(shí)

現(xiàn)的愿望”。也可以用這類動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表達(dá)“原打算、原以為”之意思。如：

Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.我原想來拜訪你，但沒來成。

Iexpectedt。havemethimherelastnight.我以為昨晚能在這里見到他。

Ihadhopedtomeethimattherailwaystation,buthedidn'tturnup.我本希望在火車站接到他但他未露面。

2.用法

Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.（主語/形式主語）

Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.（賓語）

Ifeelitagreathonorlobeinviledtospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.（形式賓語）

Hiswishistobecomeanastronaut.（表語）

OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.（定語）

Sheraisedhervoicetobeheardwell.（狀語）

Theteacherencouragedthestudentstotakeactivepartinsomeoutdooractivities.

＞考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)名詞用法

主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般式writingbeingwritten

完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten

★必背動(dòng)詞

admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激avoid避免forbid禁止consider考慮delay耽誤

deny否認(rèn)detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫fancy想象

finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推遲practice訓(xùn)1練

recall回憶propose建議resume繼續(xù)ban禁止risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議

keep繼續(xù)include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive寬恕recommend推薦

advise建議involve涉及mention提及resist抵制permit默許allow允許

★必背句型

Thechildrenarebusy（in）doingtheirhomework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。

Thereisnopoint（in）makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.

Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.這曲子很值得多聽幾遍。

Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimepassingtheexam.

＞考點(diǎn)三：分詞用法

現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般式writingbeingwritten

完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten

1.Thechildstandingoveriheaeismybrother.

2.MostofthepeopleinvitedtothereceDtionwereoldfriends.

3.Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.

4.Pleasekeepusinformedof(helatestdevelopmenls.

5.Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

6.Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn'thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspenttogether.

7.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.

8.Havingalreadyseenihe11mtwice,shedidn'twanttogotothecinema.

1.(catch)thetrain,we'dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.

2.Imeant(finish)myworklastnight,butIdidn'tfeelverywell.

3.Ithasbeenanhonorforme(invite)toyourcountry.

4.Ithappened(rain)whenIgotthere.

5.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported(break)theworldrecordinthe

110-meterhurdlerace.6.Whenmotherenteredtheroomlastnight,Ipretended(work)onthe

computer.

7.Shewasthefirstwoman(elect)tosuchapost.

8.Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.

9.thattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.(主語/形式主語)

10.Hemanaged(solve)thecomplicatedproblem.賓語)

11.1feelitagreathonor(invite)tospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.(形式賓語)

12.Hiswishis(become)anastronaut.(表語)

13.OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletters(write).(定語)

14.Sheraisedhervoice(hear)well.(狀語)

15.Theteacherencouragedthestudents(take)activepartinsomeoutdooractivities,

(ask/tell/order/advisesb.todosth.)(補(bǔ)語)

填入動(dòng)名詞的適當(dāng)形式：

1.isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(walk)

2.1can'tunderstandyouratthatpoorchild,(laugh)

3.Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyhishouse,(find)

4.Tomakealiving,hetriedwriting,,andvariousotherthings,buthehadfailedinall.(paint)

5.ShepridedherselfontoworkinBeijing,(send)

6.Shewaspraisedforthelifeofthechild,(save)

7.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof.(criticize).

8.Isthereanypossibilityofourthechampionship?(win)

9.Hecametothepartywithout.(invite)

10.Thereisnowhatwillhappeninthefuture,(know)

11.Tilneverforget___themusicalcomedyinNewYork,(see)

12.1remembertoBeijingwhenIwasachild,(take)

13.Hepausedandwentonthetexttous.(explain)

14.Onthenews,shecouldn'thelpcrying,(hear)

15.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed,(persuade)

用分詞適當(dāng)形式填空

1.(dress)inawhileuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

2.When(offer)help,oneoftensays,"Thankyou.,,Or“It'skindofyou.”

3.(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.

4.(tell)manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.

5.When(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthe

manysimilarities.

6.(face)withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.

7.Ideally(locate)forBroadwaytheatersandFirthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotelisafavoritewithmany

guests.(08上海)

8.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,(exhaust)(05上海春考)

9.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,(take)advantageofthehealthand

relaxation.(05上海)

10.When(complete),themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.

11.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill(beat).

12.Workersinthefactorieshavetheirhearing(harm)bythegreatnoises.

13.Hisstories(talk)aboutnetlovearepopularwiththeyouth.

14.Youcan'ttakeawaythesemagazines(belong)toourschoollibrary.

15.Mobilephones(sell)allovertheworldhelppeoplecommunicate.

單句語法填空

1.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof____(die)earlybyrunning.

2.AfterreceivingtheOscarfbrBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewho

hadhelpedinhercareer.

3.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime(spend)withhisstudents.

4.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.

5.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs(take).

6.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit(perform)liveisquiteanother.

7.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheirvaluabletime.

8.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicaequipment,(allow)Tnorepatientstobetreated.

I使用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式完成下列司吊

L失敗了三次，他不想再試了。

___________________________,hcdidn'twanttotryagain.

2.這位老人受到很好的照顧，過著幸福的生活。

,theoldmanislivingahappylife.

3.坐落在那邊的那棟房子建于2000年。

Thehousewasbuiltin2000.

4.這個(gè)問題很值得思考。

Thismatteriswellworth.

5.在兩位護(hù)士的幫助下，老人掙扎著站了起來。

,theoldmanstruggledtohisfeet.

6.因?yàn)闆]有收到他的回信，我決定再給他寫一封信。

___________________________him,Idecidedtowriteagain.

7.從他的言語來看，這次考試他考得不錯(cuò)。

___________________________,hedidwellinhisexam.

8?他在格拉斯哥最貧窮的地區(qū)被撫養(yǎng)長大,成為足球明星的道路漫長而艱辛。

Glasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.

9.在此時(shí)刻，我覺得一天的勞累像羽毛一樣輕了。

InasinglemomentIfelttheheavinessoftheday(transform)intolightnessofafeather.

10.為了和其他人更有效地競爭,越來越多的人接受高等教育來武裝自己。

(compete)moreeffectivelywithothers,moreandmorepeopleequipthemselveswithhigher

education.

歷年上海高考真題及模擬試題優(yōu)選

1.Recently,threeMicronesiansailorssetouttosail42kmfromoneMicronesianislandtoanother.U

nfortunately,theygot(22)(lose),andthentheyranoutoffuel.[2021寶山一?！?/p>

2.Butitwasalmostimpossibletodecidewhere(25)(look)becausetherearesomanysmall

islandsandtheoceanissolarge,[2021寶山一?！?/p>

3.Inmanywaysgeographyistheforgottenscience.Eventheword“geography“tendstomakepeoplethi

nkofstudents(21)(label)mapsinsocialstudiesclass.Butthathasn'talwaysbeentrue.[2021崇明一

模】

4.Geography,(23)(define)asthestudyofEarth,hasalwayshadafocusonmaps.Butmappingh

asn'talwaysbeeneasy.[2021崇明一?！?/p>

5.Technologyhaschangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutgeography.Travelisnoweasy.Theinternetmake

sinformationsimple(26)(find).12021崇明一模】

6.Theyarealsoupsetabout"sharenting”-whenparentspostpicturesofthemonsocialmediawithout

23(permit)[2021奉賢一?！?/p>

7.Thereport,basedongroupinterviewswith8-to12-year-olds,showsthatalthoughmostsocialmedia

siteshaveanofficialagelimitof13,an26(estimate)75%of10-to12-year-oldswillhaveasoc

ialmediaaccount.【2021奉賢一模】

8.“28(compare)yourselfwiththem,youmightfeeldevaluedbecauseyou'renotverypretty.^^

【2021奉賢一?！?/p>

9.Itnowclaimstodeliveraburgerworth$18for$6—inotherwords,(21)(provide)thequalit

yassociatedwithexpensiverestaurantsatafast-foodprice.Whatmattersbehindthisclaimisthatitschefis

arobot.12021虹口一?！?/p>

IO.Creatorisnotalone.Otherrobotchefshavealreadybeenworking,(26)(prepare)entiremeals,

orsoonwillbe,inkitchensinotherpartsoftheworld.【2021虹口一?！?/p>

11.Thatdoesnotnecessarilymean(28)(employ)fewerstaff.Rather,moreofthemwillbeinro

leswheretheycandirectlyhelpcustomers.【2021虹口一?！?/p>

12.MechanicalpencilsarenotonlymoreconvenientthanyourtraditionalTiconderogainthesensethatthey

neverneed(24)(sharpen);theyalsoproducethinner,cleanerlines,whichisextremelyimportantfordrawers

anddrafters.【2021黃埔一?！?/p>

13.perhapsIshouldhaveappreciatedthefeelingofholdingupthemooncaketinwhenitwasthree-quarters

full,hopingthattherewouldalwaysbeanewpencilforme(30)(use)tomonow.[2021黃埔一模]

14.Ibelievedthatmotorcycleridersweretoughandleather-wearingloners.Theyseemed(21)

(look)fortroubleallthetime,usingtheroarofamotorcycleenginetofrightenothersoff.12021嘉定一?！?5.

(25)(fill)withnervousenergy,Iheldontightlytomycousin.12021嘉定一?！?/p>

16.Onthebackofamotorcycle,(28)(place)allyourtrustinsomeonetogetyousafelyhomeis

awaytoremindyouofthelovetheyhaveforyou.[2021嘉定一模]

17.Afterall,theyarenotcities(27)(describe)asdynamic(充滿活力的).[2021金山一?！?/p>

18.Yetthey'rehard(30)(beat)-whenitcomestorecreationalofferings,includingnightlife,

cultureandentertainment.[2021金山一?！?/p>

19.Photosofvarioustreeleavespackagedinplasticbagsandarrangedasflowerbouquetswenthotonsocial

medialately,(21)_(cause)complaintsbecauseoftheproduct'sprice,sixBritishpounds.【2021靜安一?！?/p>

20.Whateveryoudefinesuccess,remember,wearebomtolivetheliveswetrulywantanddeserve,butnot

justthelives(30)(settle)forus.[2021閔行一模)

21.Now,we'reonestepcloserto(22)(find)ananswer.AccordingtotheKeplerspacetelescope,

abouthalfthestarssimilarintemperaturetoourSuncouldhavearockyplanetcapableofsupportingliquidwater

onitssurface.[2021浦東一模】

22.Everyweek,twomodifiedbluebuses(21)(stock)withchildren'sbookscarefullyrundown

thestreetsofKabul.Thesetravellinglibrariesstopoffatschoolsindifferentpartsofthecity,(22)

(deliver)awealthofreadingmaterialsdirectlytotheyoungsterswhohavelimitedaccesstobooks.

23.IntheGreekcityofThessaloniki,thetransportministryinstalledminilibrariesatbusstops(29)

(allow)passengerstoreadastheywaitforthebus,orborrowandreadontheirjourneytobereturned

atalaterdate.12021普陀一?！?/p>

24.Therearesomewaystountiethemesswe'recreatingintheworld'soceans,including(26)(expand)

ourideaofseafoodtoincludejellyfish.[2021青浦一模】

25.Elysesaid,“Ihavetosay(24)unlesswewantaneducationsystemjust(25)(focus)onmaking

peopleconsumersandnotonhelpingthembeproducers,thisemphasisonreadingonly—whichdoeshappeninso

manyplaces—isveryshort-sighted.[2021徐匯一?！?/p>

26.Haveyoueverattemptedtosavemoneytosuchadegreethatyouarenotenjoyingyourlifeanymore?Ifso,

youcouldbesufferingfromfrugalfatigue.Simply(21)(put),frugalfatiguereferstobeingsickand

tiredofattemptingtosaveeverypennythatyouearn.Whenyouaredeterminedtoprioritizeyoursavings,itcanbe

initially(22)(tempt)tocutouteverysingleluxuryitemfromyourbudget.【2021楊^甫——?！?/p>

27.JackboothadtoteachinBelgium.HispupilsspokeonlyFlemish,andhespokeonlyFrench.Hegavehis

studentsanovel24(write)inhismothertongueandaFrenchdictionary.

Learningdoesnotonlyhappenwhensomeoneolderputsinformationintothelearner'smind.Thinkabout___

howoftenchildrenandevenadultslearnfromtrialanderror,fromlearningtorideabiketo25(use)anew

technology.

28.It'sthesametoday.If27studentshavetherightresources28(explore)ideasforthemselves,

manypeoplecan“teach”-includingcarersandparentsduringapandemic(流行病).【2021長寧一?！?/p>

高考題型組合練

G1r

7----------------------------------(2020年上海市六校高三聯(lián)考

試題)

語法填空(2019年上海春季高考真題)

Startwiththeendandworkbackwards

WhenJasonHoelscherwasanundergraduateoffineartstudies,thereweren'tanyprofessionaldevelopment

classes.Soambitionandthetimelyrealization1____hewouldhavetodetermine"what'snext"onhisown

urgedJasontoengagehisfutureselftofinddirection.Itwas1996,andhewasfinishinghisBFA(BachelorofFine

Art)inDenver.Hewasfacedwiththechoiceofsittingbacktowaitforsomething2(happen),or

pursuingapathintotheunknown.Hechosethelatter.

Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe3(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthatareaofthe

country.Thisfive-yeargoalgavehimastartingpoint4whichtoworkbackwards.

Bysettingthegoal,allofJason'sefforts5(point)inthesamedirection.Heshowedupatdifferent

artshowopenings,andresearchedasbesthecouldtomake6familiarwiththemarketenvironment.

Asaresultofshowingup,Jasontookopportunities7gothimclosertohisgoal.Hesentworktoa

studentshowandwasacceptedbyRobinRule,theownerofRuleGallery.8(inspire),Jasonspentthe

nextmonthmakingnewwork.

InAprilof1997,JasonwentbacktoRuleGallerywithhisnewwork.9scaredtodeath,helooked

confidentatthegallerymeeting.Whenheleft,heleftasthenewestadditiontotherulegalleryroster(花名卅1).He

hadhisfirstexhibitionthereoneyearlater.

Jasoncouldhavestoppedwiththeshowselection,butwhathereallywantedwasgalleryrepresentation.He

struckwhiletheironwashot,andin10(do)so,shortenedhisfive-yearplanintoayear-and-a-half.

詞匯填空|(改編于2019年上海秋季高考真題)

A.contentsB.takingC.carefullyD.plasticE.packaging

F.declinedG.freelyH.typicalI.contractsJ.registeredK.point

Ifthepackagelookspretty;peoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNew

York,andhehasprovedhis___40___bysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.

JustinGignac,26,hassoldalmost90041presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetofthe

BigAppleatbetween$50and$100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs(紀(jì)念品).Theidea

hasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.

ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop.utWehadadiscussionabouttheimportanceof

42___Jherecalls.4€Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasby

sellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant.^^

HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical43includebrokenglass,subwaytickets,Starbucks

cupsandused44forks.'"Specialeditions^^areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged$100forrubbishfrom

theopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankees5stadium.

Mr.Gignacdenies45___hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethe

factthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit.”

Some46___customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadown-to-earthsouvenir.

Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.

Realizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoney-maker,Mr.Gignachas___47___acompanyandis

employinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He___48___todiscusshisprofitmargins:"It'sactuallyquitealotof

effortputtingthemtogether-butyet,garbageisfree.^^

Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned___49___withpeople

interestedinsimilarprojectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon.

(2020年上海市六校高三聯(lián)考試題)

Ifsnosecretthatasapopulation,Americanshavebeengettingheavier,butresearchersnowsaythatour

weightproblemmaybeworsethanwethought.

InastudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOne,leadauthorD匚EricBravermansaysthatourcurrentmeasureof

obesity(月巴胖癥)—bodymassindex,orBMI-significantly(41)thenumberofpeople,especiallywomen,

whoareobese.

Bravermanandhisco-author,Dr.NiravShah,studied1,400menandwomen,comparingtheirBMI

measurementtotheirpercentageofbodyfat,asmeasuredbyadual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry(DEXA)scan.

WhileBMIisasimpleratioofaperson'sheightandweight,theDEXAscan-whichisnormallyusedtomeasure

bodydensity(密度)—can(42)betweenbone,fatandmusclemass.

BasedonBMI,aboutone-thirdofAmericansareconsideredobese,butwhenothermethodsofmeasuring

obesityareused,thatnumbermaybe(43)to60%accordingtoBraverman.

PhysicianshavecomplainedforyearsthatBMIisa(n)(44)measureofhealthyweight.Extremely

muscularpeople,(45),mayweigh“toomuch^^fortheirheight,sincedensemusclemassweighsmorethan

fat,thusqualifyingasobeseeveniftheirbodiescontainverylittlefat.Yetit'snotextraweightitselfbutexcessfat

that(46)healthproblems.

“Peoplearen'tbeingdiagnosedasobese,sothey9renotbeingtoldabouttheirriskofdiseaseorbeinggiven

(47)onhowtoimprovetheirhealth,Bravermansaid.Datashowthatpeoplewho(48)toputon

poundsaremorelikelytocontinuegettingheavier,increasingtheirriskforanumberofdiseases.

SowhyisBMIstillbeingused,ifit'snot(49)?Fornow,it'sthebestandeasiestwayforphysiciansto

measureaperson'shealthyweightwhiletakingintoaccounthisorhergeneralbody(50).DEXAscansare

fartooexpensivetobeusedasa(51)measureduringdoctor'svisits.BMIisn'tperfect,butmanyexperts

sayit'sthebesttheyhave.

Still,asresultslikeBraverman'scontinueto(52),itmaybetimetoconsiderotherwaysoftracking

weight,and(53),bodyfht."It'simportanttopointoutthe(54)oftheBMI,"Dr.RichardBergman,

directorofCedarsSinai'sObesityandDiabetesResearchInstituteinLosAngelessaid."It'sapoormeasureof(55)

,andwedoneedbetterlTleasu^es.^^

41、A.predictsB.underestimatesC.increasesD.reduces

42A.compareB.recognizeC.identifyD.distinguish

43、A.closerB.relatedC.devotedD.key

44、A.importantB.imperfectC.incredibleD.uncertain

45>A.forexampleB.incontrastC.inadditionD.withoutdoubt

46、A.arisesfromB.owestoC.leadstoD.goesthrough

47、A.viewsB.ordersC.instructionD.focus

48、A.decideB.startC.hopeD.fearA.rightB

recognizableC.popularD.precise

49、A.structureB.well-beingC.functionD.weight

50^A.specialB.routineC.scientificD.decisive

51、A.fillinB.runoutC.godownD.buildup

52、A.inparticularB.onoccasionC.afterallD.inall

53、A.mistakesB.failureC.inferiorityD.weakness

54>A.healthB.bodyC.fatnessD.diseases

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對(duì)齊)，makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))，makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"F'and'V5increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved

around300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,44saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfbcuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

A.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?

B.Magazinefeaturingfuturecarssellespeciallywell.

C.Airbagsaren?tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.

D.Crazyfanslookforwardtothelaunchoffuturecars.

E.Allofthesethingsarelikelytochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.

F.Theyfeaturedunconventionalthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.

Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,especiallybecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacar

guyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.

Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe"CarsoftheFuture".(67)

Yet,frankly,mycardoesn'tdoanythingthatmybrother'sStudebakerdidnrtdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline.I

stillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon*tsteeritcarefully.

Butguesswhat?(68)