2022-2023學(xué)年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)(一)英語(yǔ)試題

2023年沈陽(yáng)市高中三年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)(一)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，考生將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Ajournalist.B.Astudent.C.Ateacher.2.WhatdoesthewomanwantBentodo?A.Helphermovehouse.B.Helpherprepareforaparty.C.Gotoahousewarmingparty.3.WhatdoesthewomanthinkoflearningFrench?A.Fairlyboring.B.Toodifficult.C.Quiteinteresting.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthebank.B.Inthecompany.C.Intheshop.5.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Tohaveherhousecleaned.B.Toscheduleanappointment.C.ToremindDavidtohaveacheckup.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)。聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Haveaneyeoperation.BChangeapairofglasses.C.Takeaneyeexamination.7.Whatwillthewomanmostprobablydo?A.Eatmorecarrotsandgrapes.B.Avoidlookingatthephoneforlong.C.Participateinmoreoutdooractivities.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdoesthewomanlooktotheman?A.Confused.B.Excited.C.Anxious.9.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthenews?A.FromTV.B.Fromtheradio.C.Fromthenewspaper.10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.LookforDebbie.B.PickDebbieupeveryday.C.TeachDebbieself-protection.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Animals.B.Clouds.C.Theirfriend.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heisfullofcreativity.B.Heisaninterestingperson.C.Heseemstolackimagination.13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inthepark.C.Inthezoo.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatwasresidents’attitudetowardswastesortingatfirst?A.Objective.B.Disapproving.C.Understanding.15.Whatdidthewomandoforwastesorting?A.Shegaveoutbrochures.B.Sheturnedwasteintowealth.C.Shetaughtresidentshowtodoit.16.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Writeanessay.B.Gotoclass.C.Applytobeavolunteer.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhichcitydidfourHuiOperagroupsvisitin1790?A.Beijing.B.Tianjin.C.Shanghai.18.WhendidPekingOperabegintotakeshapeformally?A.Inabout1814.B.Inabout1840.C.Inabout1890.19.WhoisQiuJirong?A.Adirector.B.Awriter.C.Anactor.20.WhatwasthesettingofJingHong?A.Someone’sdreams.B.Contemporarydance.C.Chinesetraditionalart.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOfficeAssistant-TheGreenArmyPtyLtd.OurclientisoneofthefastestgrowingsolarrenewableenergycompaniesinAustralia.Pleaseattachaletterastowhyyoufeelyouaresuitedtothisrole.Whatwe’reoffering:·Fulltraining·OngoingsupportAboutyou:·Passion·Teamwork·ExcellentcommunicationskillsIfthissoundslikeyouandyouarekeentobepartofagreatteam,thenhittheAPPLYbuttonnow.SalesAssistants-SurgeDirectPtyLtdWeareAustralia’sfastestgrowingsalescompany!Whatwe’reoffering:·Wonderfulworkingenvironmentandagenuine,young,family-likeculture.·Sightseeingonus—placesyou’veneverheardofwiththebestteam!Aboutyou:·18+·PermanentAustralianresidentAnimalAttendant-ImparraPetMotelImparraPetMotelisafamilyownedandoperatedpetboardingfacilityfordogsandcats.Aboutyou:·Profession·Sympathy·Responsibility·Availability—365daysayearExperienceworkinginaPetMotelorananimalrelatedbusinessisanadvantage,butnotanecessity.Wearesorry,butduetothehighnumberofapplications,onlysuitableapplicantswillbecontacted.Pleasedonotcallourofficeregardingthisjobadvertisement.AdministrativeAssistant-ResultsLegalResultsLegalisahighlyrespectedlawfirmbasedinBrisbaneAboutyou:·Ambition·Optimism·PerseveranceSomeonewithaminimumof3yearslefttostudywouldbeidealYoumayjustbestartingyourcareerinAdministrationoryoumaybeaUniversitystudent,whoislookingtoexpandyourlegalskillsandexperienceinaprofessionalworkenvironmentwhilestudying.ClicktheEmploymentOpportunitieslinkonourContactUspage1.WhatbonuscanasalesassistantinSurgeDirectPtyLtdget?A.Fulltraining. B.Ongoingsupport. C.Freetravelling. D.Boardingfacilities.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheapplicantsoftheAnimalAttendant?A.ApplicantsareallowedtocontactImparraformoreinformation.B.Applicantsshouldattachtherecentpicturestotheirapplications.C.ApplicantswithexperienceworkinginaPetMotelisanecessity.D.Applicantshavetoworkoutsidetheirusualhourswhenrequired.3.Whichcompanyismostlikelytohirealawstudent?A.TheGreenArmyPtyLtd. B.SurgeDirectPtyLtd.C.ImparraPetMotel. D.ResultsLegal.【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個(gè)招聘崗位及相關(guān)要求?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SalesAssistants-SurgeDirectPtyLtd部分“Sightseeingonus—placesyou’veneverheardofwiththebestteam!(與最好的團(tuán)隊(duì)一起游覽我們從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的地方！)”可知，SurgeDirectPtyLtd的銷售助理可以獲得免費(fèi)旅行的福利。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)AnimalAttendant-ImparraPetMotel部分“Availability—365daysayear(可工作時(shí)間——每年365天)”推知，如有需要，申請(qǐng)人必須在正常工作時(shí)間以外工作。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AdministrativeAssistant-ResultsLegal部分“YoumayjustbestartingyourcareerinAdministrationoryoumaybeaUniversitystudent,whoislookingtoexpandyourlegalskillsandexperienceinaprofessionalworkenvironmentwhilestudying.(你可能剛剛開(kāi)始你的行政職業(yè)生涯，也可能是一名大學(xué)生，在學(xué)習(xí)期間，他希望在專業(yè)的工作環(huán)境中拓展你的法律技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，ResultsLegal最有可能雇傭法律系學(xué)生。故選D。BI’mintheareaofNoaillesinMarseille,France’ssecondlargestcityanditsmaintradeseaport.Somesmallshopssellvegetables,meat,and,itseems,allthespicesoftheMiddleEast.InadditiontoFrench,languagesspokenonthebusystreetsincludeArabicandAfricanFrench.ItalladdsuptooneofthemostethnicallydiversecitiesinEurope.Closetothedowntownstreet,IdiscoveranAlgerianrestaurant,whoseownermakeshissignaturedish—couscouswithbarley,nottheusualwheat,usingarecipethathasn’tchangedsincethe1920s.CouscousisannecessarypartofMarseilleculture.ThedishwasaddedtotheUNESCO’sListsofIntangibleCulturalHeritagein2020.Tobehonest,beforeItravelledhere,couscoushadnotbeenthefirstmealthatcametomindwhenIthoughtofMarseille.Itwasbouillabaisse,therichsoupwitholiveoil,garlicandsaffron.Iimaginedenjoyingitatasmallportsidecafe.Thiswasclearlyaromanticfantasy.Foronething,therearenosmallcafcsathistoriccity.Foranother,therestaurantsdoservebouillabaisse,butwhenIseethepriceatoneplaceIamshocked:69euros!Nobowlofsoupshouldcostthatmuch.Igiveupandenduptwostreetsawayfromtheoldharborinanewrestaurant,Ourea.For28euros,ChefMatthieuRocheservesathree-courselunchthatincludestunasteaksandcouscous.Moreandmoreyoung,talentedpeoplearediscoveringthatMarseilleisanidealplacetolive.ThereisalsoagrowingnumberofParisiansmovinghereeveryyear.Tiredoftherushandexpenseoflifeinlargercities,thenewcomerscomelookingforthemorerelaxedMediterraneanwayoflife.WalkingthroughthesecontrastingneighborhoodsofMarseille.Ithinkaboutthedistinctcommunitiesherelivinginthesameneighborhoods-together,side,by,side,butnotmixed.TheymayalsofeeltheyareMarseillaisfirstregardlessofnationalities.4.WhichwordcanbestdescribeMarseilleaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Remote. B.Commercial. C.Industrial. D.Inland.5.WhatmadetheauthorleavetheAlgerianrestaurant?A.Theunreasonablecharge. B.Theunbearableflavor.C.Theunsatisfyingservice. D.Thenoisyatmosphere.6.WhydothenewcomerschooseMarseilleratherthanotherbigcities?A.Tomakeafortune. B.Toexperienceadish.C.Tolearnalanguage. D.Tolivealeisurelylife.7.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanweprobablyreadthetext?A.Fashion. B.Food. C.Trade D.Travel.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。作者簡(jiǎn)要介紹了法國(guó)第二大城市馬賽，并講述了自己在那里吃飯的經(jīng)歷。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“I’mintheareaofNoaillesinMarseille,France’ssecondlargestcityanditsmaintradeseaport.Somesmallshopssellvegetables,meat,and,itseems,allthespicesoftheMiddleEast.(我現(xiàn)在在法國(guó)第二大城市和主要貿(mào)易海港馬賽的諾埃勒地區(qū)。一些小商店出售蔬菜、肉類，似乎還有所有的中東香料。)”可知，在馬賽有很多交易在進(jìn)行，即它是商業(yè)化的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Foranother,therestaurantsdoservebouillabaisse,butwhenIseethepriceatoneplaceIamshocked:69euros!Nobowlofsoupshouldcostthatmuch.(另一方面，這里的餐廳確實(shí)供應(yīng)魚(yú)湯，但當(dāng)我看到一家餐廳的價(jià)格時(shí)，我震驚了:69歐元!一碗湯不應(yīng)該那么貴。)”可知，作者離開(kāi)那家埃爾及利亞的飯館是這家店的魚(yú)湯太貴了，即收費(fèi)不合理。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Tiredoftherushandexpenseoflifeinlargercities,thenewcomerscomelookingforthemorerelaxedMediterraneanwayoflife.(厭倦了大城市生活的匆忙和昂貴，新來(lái)者來(lái)到這里尋找更輕松的地中海生活方式。)”可知，新來(lái)者選擇馬賽是為了過(guò)一種輕松悠閑的生活。故選D項(xiàng)。7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章重點(diǎn)介紹了作者吃飯的經(jīng)歷，且根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“Moreandmoreyoung,talentedpeoplearediscoveringthatMarseilleisanidealplacetolive.ThereisalsoagrowingnumberofParisiansmovinghereeveryyear.(越來(lái)越多有才華的年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)馬賽是一個(gè)理想的居住地。每年也有越來(lái)越多的巴黎人搬到這里。)”可知，馬賽作為一個(gè)港口城市吸引越來(lái)越多年輕人，說(shuō)明本文主要介紹了馬賽市的吸引人之處，因此這篇文章最后可能出自雜志的旅游欄目。故選D項(xiàng)。CAfewdaysbeforeChristmas1944,PatriciaKruegerreceivedatelegramfromtheU.S.Army.Shehopeditwouldcontainabelatedbirthdaygreetingfromherhusband,anarmyflightengineer,CharlesKrueger,whomshehadnotheardfromfor2weeks.Instead,themessagesaidhewasn’tcominghome:HisB-29hadbeenlostoverMukdenandhewaslaterdeclaredMIA(missinginaction).Theirson,JohnKruegerofMiddleton,Wisconsin,now78,stilltearsupwhenherecountsthisstory.Decadeslater,themilitarycontinuestoworktobringbacktheremainsofsoldierslikeCharlesKrueger.ThejoboffindingthemfallstoDPAA(DefensePOW/MIAAccountingAgency),createdin2015aftercriticschargedthatthepreviousMIAsearchprocesswasslow,andbehindoninnovationsinscienceandtechnology.Between1973and2014,theremainsofonly1849missingservicememberswerereturnedtotheirfamilies;in2021,theagencyaccountedfortheremainsof141MIAs,accordingtoDPAAfigures.Toacceleratethework,CongressgaveDPAAtheauthoritytodeveloppublic-privatepartnershipswithscientistsandgroupsoutsidegovernment.“Teamingupwithacademicscientistsintroducesnewwaysofthinking,”saysmilitaryhistorianMichaelDolski.“Workingwithpartnersallowsustotapintotheirtechnologiesandcapabilitiesinwaysthatwejustcan’tmaintain.”Forscientists,theworkismorethantechnicallysatisfying.“It’sthemostrewardingaspectofmycareer,”saysMires,ascientistworkingwiththeagency.“InotherarchaeologysitesI’veworkedon,thehistoryisremote,”hesays.“Here,you’researchingsomethingnotforathing,butforaperson,andallthepeopletheytouched.”8Whatwasthetelegramaboutinparagraph1?A.AChristmasdinner. B.CharlesKrueger’sloss.C.Abirthdaygreeting. D.JohnKrueger’smemory.9.WhydidpeoplecriticizethepreviousMIAsearchprocess?A.BecauseDPAAwantstocontinuethesearch.B.Becauseittooklongandlackedcreativeness.C.Becausetheworkwasstoppedbythemilitary.D.Because141MIAs’remainswasfoundin2021.10.WhatisMichaelDolski’sattitudetothecooperationwithscientistsandgroups?A.Patient. B.Critical. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AlongsearchforMIAs. B.AchievementsofDPAA.C.Assistancefromscience. D.Consequencesofwars【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文介紹了在對(duì)在戰(zhàn)斗中失蹤人員搜索的努力?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Instead,themessagesaidhewasn’tcominghome:HisB-29hadbeenlostoverMukdenandhewaslaterdeclaredMIA(missinginaction).”（相反，這條消息說(shuō)他不會(huì)回家了：他的B-29在Mukden上空失蹤了，后來(lái)他被宣布為MIA）可知，第一段的電報(bào)是關(guān)于CharlesKrueger的失蹤。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThejoboffindingthemfallstoDPAA(DefensePOW/MIAAccountingAgency),createdin2015aftercriticschargedthatthepreviousMIAsearchprocesswasslow,andbehindoninnovationsinscienceandtechnology.”（尋找他們的工作落在了DPAA(國(guó)防戰(zhàn)俘/失蹤人員會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu))身上，該機(jī)構(gòu)成立于2015年，此前批評(píng)人士指責(zé)之前的失蹤人員搜尋過(guò)程緩慢，缺乏科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新）可知，人們批評(píng)之前的MIA搜索過(guò)程是因?yàn)樾枰臅r(shí)間長(zhǎng)，而且缺乏創(chuàng)造性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Teamingupwithacademicscientistsintroducesnewwaysofthinking,”saysmilitaryhistorianMichaelDolski.“Workingwithpartnersallowsustotapintotheirtechnologiesandcapabilitiesinwaysthatwejustcan’tmaintain.”（“與學(xué)術(shù)科學(xué)家合作引入了新的思維方式?！薄芭c合作伙伴合作使我們能夠以我們無(wú)法維持的方式利用他們的技術(shù)和能力?！保┩浦?，邁克爾·多爾斯基對(duì)與科學(xué)家和團(tuán)體的合作持支持態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Decadeslater,themilitarycontinuestoworktobringbacktheremainsofsoldierslikeCharlesKrueger.ThejoboffindingthemfallstoDPAA(DefensePOW/MIAAccountingAgency),createdin2015aftercriticschargedthatthepreviousMIAsearchprocesswasslow,andbehindoninnovationsinscienceandtechnology.”（幾十年后，軍方仍在努力找回像查爾斯·克魯格這樣的士兵的遺骸。尋找他們的工作落在了DPAA(國(guó)防戰(zhàn)俘/失蹤人員會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu))身上，該機(jī)構(gòu)成立于2015年，此前批評(píng)人士指責(zé)之前的失蹤人員搜尋過(guò)程緩慢，缺乏科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。）和倒數(shù)第二段“Toacceleratethework,CongressgaveDPAAtheauthoritytodeveloppublic-privatepartnershipswithscientistsandgroupsoutsidegovernment.”（為了加速這項(xiàng)工作，國(guó)會(huì)授權(quán)DPAA與政府以外的科學(xué)家和團(tuán)體建立公私合作伙伴關(guān)系）可知，短文介紹了在對(duì)在戰(zhàn)斗中失蹤人員搜索的努力。故短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“對(duì)行動(dòng)中失蹤人員長(zhǎng)期的搜索”。故選A項(xiàng)。DInastudyinthejournalScience,researchersatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisreportedthattheyhaddevelopedaneffectiveandinexpensivemethodforbreakingdownchemicalscalledpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFAS).PFAS,firstcreatedinthe1930s,arechemicalcompounds(化合物).Theyareusedtomakeawiderangeofeverydayproducts,includingnonstickpans,carpeting,electronics,andfast-foodwrappers.Oncethechemicalsareintheenvironment,theyarealmostimpossibletoeliminatebecausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown.Researchershavelinkedregularlevelsofexposuretothesechemicalswithseveralhealthproblems,includingliverdamage,anincreasedriskofcancer,andreducedimmunity.ScientistshadpreviouslyfiguredouthowtoremovePFASfrompollutedwaterorsoilbut,untilnow,hadnosafeandeffectivewaytodestroythemoncetheywereremoved.ThestudyreportedthatwhentheteamboiledPFASmolecules(分子)withtwocommonsubstances,thePFASquicklybrokedownandbecameharmless.In2020,WilliamDichtel,achemistandprofessoratNorthwestern,readastudyinwhichchemistsattheUniversityofAlberta,inCanada,foundaneasywaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules.Heaskedagraduatestudent,BrittanyTrang,totrythemethodonPFASmolecules.TranghadspentmonthsinthelabunsuccessfullyattemptingtopullapartPFAS,andatfirstshethoughtDichtel’sideawastoosimpletowork.Butshetriedit,boilingPFASwithacommonsolvent(溶劑)calleddimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).TrangwasshockedwhentheprocessdestroyedthePFAS.ShelatermixedDMSOwithachemicalcalledsodiumhydroxideandbrokedownPFASevenmorequickly.ThescientistswillworkonwaystodestroyPFASoutsidethelabsolargeamountsofforeverchemicalscanbebrokendownatonce.“It’sahugechallenge,butit’sinourgrasp,”DichteltoldTheNewYorkTimes.ScientistsarealsocallingforadecreaseintheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintothenaturalworld.InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncednewplanstomonitorPFAS,decreasetheamountreleasedintotheenvironment,andaddresstheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealth.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Identify. B.Destroy. C.Remove. D.Release.13.HowdidWilliamDichtelfindthewaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules?A.Hegotinformationfromastudyofothers!B.Heconductedtheexperimentsonhisown.C.Hisgraduatestudent,BrittanyTrang,toldhim.D.ChemistsattheUniversityofAlbertatoldhim.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrittanyTrang’sexperiment?A.ShetriedthemethodfromDichtelbutdidn’tsucceedatfirst.B.ShepulledapartPFASwithherownideaatherfirstattempt.C.ShedevelopedamoreeffectivemethodtobreakdownPFAS.D.ShethoughtDichtel’sideawastoosimple,soshedidn’ttryit.15.Whatdoscientistsadvocatetothepublic?A.AddressingtheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealthandenvironment.B.ReducingtheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintotheenvironment.C.FindingmoreeffectivewaystodestroyPFASinandoutsidethelab.D.StoppingtheuseofPFASineverydaylifetoavoidhealthproblems.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究中，伊利諾伊州西北大學(xué)的研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō)，他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種有效且廉價(jià)的方法來(lái)分解被稱為聚氟烷基物質(zhì)（PFAS）的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。【12題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞后的句子“becausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown.”（因?yàn)樗鼈兊脑O(shè)計(jì)是為了避免分解）可知，一旦這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入環(huán)境，它們幾乎不可能被消除。所以劃線的意思是“消除”,與destroy同義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In2020,WilliamDichtel,achemistandprofessoratNorthwestern,readastudyinwhichchemistsattheUniversityofAlberta,inCanada,foundaneasywaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules”（2020年，西北大學(xué)的化學(xué)家兼教授威廉·迪希特爾（WilliamDichtel）閱讀了一項(xiàng)研究，加拿大阿爾伯塔大學(xué)的化學(xué)家在該研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種分解分子鏈的簡(jiǎn)單方法）可知，威廉·迪克特爾是別人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子鏈的方法的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Butshetriedit,boilingPFASwithacommonsolvent(溶劑)calleddimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).TrangwasshockedwhentheprocessdestroyedthePFAS.ShelatermixedDMSOwithachemicalcalledsodiumhydroxideandbrokedownPFASevenmorequickly.”（但她嘗試了，用一種叫做二甲基亞砜（DMSO）的普通溶劑煮沸PFAS。當(dāng)這個(gè)過(guò)程摧毀了PFAS時(shí)，Trang感到震驚。她后來(lái)將二甲基亞砜與一種叫做氫氧化鈉的化學(xué)物質(zhì)混合，并更快地分解PFAS）可知，BrittanyTrang開(kāi)發(fā)了一種更有效的方法來(lái)分解PFAS。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ScientistsarealsocallingforadecreaseintheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintothenaturalworld.”（科學(xué)家們還呼吁減少釋放到自然界的PFAS的數(shù)量）可知，科學(xué)家向公眾倡導(dǎo)減少PFAS釋放到環(huán)境中的數(shù)量。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Men’ssporthasfordecadesbenefitedfromwhatinvestorscalla“flywheeleffect”.Bigbroadcastandsponsorshipdealsthrowmoneyintothegamereadily.____16____.That,inturn,generatesevenmoremoneythenexttimearound.Women’ssporthaslongsufferedtheoppositephenomenon.____17____Withfewgamesavailable,viewerscannottunein,andfewviewersmeanslittlemoney.Theflywheelmay,atlast,bestartingtoturnround.____18____Thefirstquarterof2022sawthehighestviewership,upbyaround50%on2019,thelastfullyearbeforethepandemic.Women’ssportisresistingageneraltrendforpeopletowatchlesstelevision.Streaming(流媒體),meanwhile,offersawaytoshowgameswithoutexpensivedealswithbroadcasters,helpingtobuildfanbases.____19____ViewershipoftheWomen’sNationalBasketballAssociation(WNBA)inAmericaroseby50%in2021comparedwith2020.InFebruary,theWNBAfeltconfident,raising$75millionandvaluingitat$Ibillion.Theprizepoolforthisyear’sWomen’sChampionshipis$16million,doublethevaluein2017.Onebigchangeisthatseveralbigrights-holders,includingFIFAandWorldRugby,nowsell,sponsorshiprightsforwomen’sevents,separately,ratherthanbondedwiththemen’stournaments.____20____A.Startwithviewingfigures.B.Moneyisstartingtofolloweyeballs.C.Manyassociationsfundthewomen’ssports.D.Somethinksponsorsgetabetterdealwithwomen’ssports.E.Broadcastershaveunwillinglyshownitwithoutbeingsurethatpeoplewillwatch.F.Thatattractsmoreplayersandraisesthelevelofplay,whichhelpsattractmoreviewers.G.Thatforcesbuyersandsellerstothinkaboutexactlyhowmuchsuchrightsmightbeworth.【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述的是幾十年來(lái)，男子運(yùn)動(dòng)一直受益于投資者所說(shuō)的“飛輪效應(yīng)”。如今，女子運(yùn)動(dòng)也受到“飛輪效應(yīng)”的影響。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Men’ssporthasfordecadesbenefitedfromwhatinvestorscalla“flywheeleffect”.Bigbroadcastandsponsorshipdealsthrowmoneyintothegamereadily.(幾十年來(lái)，男子運(yùn)動(dòng)一直受益于投資者所說(shuō)的“飛輪效應(yīng)”。大型轉(zhuǎn)播和贊助協(xié)議很容易就把錢投入到比賽中。)”和后文的“That,inturn,generatesevenmoremoneythenexttimearound.(這反過(guò)來(lái)又會(huì)在下一次產(chǎn)生更多的錢。)”可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Thatattractsmoreplayersandraisesthelevelofplay,whichhelpsattractmoreviewers.(那吸引了更多的玩家，提高了比賽水平，這有助于吸引更多的觀眾。)”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。F項(xiàng)中的that指代前文的“飛輪效應(yīng)”，這種效應(yīng)吸引了更多的玩家，提高了比賽的水平，反之下一次產(chǎn)生更多的錢。下文中的that指代空處內(nèi)容，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Women’ssporthaslongsufferedtheoppositephenomenon.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，女子運(yùn)動(dòng)一直遭遇相反的現(xiàn)象。)”可知，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，女子運(yùn)動(dòng)不太受觀眾的關(guān)注。設(shè)空處應(yīng)該指出由此帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。E選項(xiàng)“Broadcastershaveunwillinglyshownitwithoutbeingsurethatpeoplewillwatch.(廣播公司在不確定觀眾是否會(huì)觀看的情況下，不愿意播放節(jié)目。)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出由于女子運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目不太受觀眾的關(guān)注所以廣播公司不愿意播放節(jié)目。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thefirstquarterof2022sawthehighestviewership,upbyaround50%on2019,thelastfullyearbeforethepandemic.(2022年第一季度的收視率最高，比2019年(大流行前的最后一年)增長(zhǎng)了約50%。)”可知，此處通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)解釋了飛輪效應(yīng)。故A選項(xiàng)“Startwithviewingfigures.(從觀看數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)始。)”引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。19題詳解】根據(jù)后文“ViewershipoftheWomen’sNationalBasketballAssociation(WNBA)inAmericaroseby50%in2021comparedwith2020.InFebruary,theWNBAfeltconfident,raising$75millionandvaluingitat$Ibillion.(與2020年相比，2021年美國(guó)女子籃球協(xié)會(huì)(WNBA)的收視率上升了50%。今年2月，WNBA感到信心十足，籌集了7500萬(wàn)美元，估值為1億美元。)”可知，隨著女子籃球的收視率上升，WNBA由此籌集了更多的金錢，即隨著關(guān)注度的上升，獲得的金錢回報(bào)則越多。B選項(xiàng)“Moneyisstartingtofolloweyeballs.(金錢開(kāi)始追隨關(guān)注度。)”概括本段段旨，符合語(yǔ)境，引起下文。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Onebigchangeisthatseveralbigrights-holders,includingFIFAandWorldRugby,nowsell,sponsorshiprightsforwomen’sevents,separately,ratherthanbondedwiththemen’stournaments.(一個(gè)巨大的變化是，包括國(guó)際足聯(lián)和世界橄欖球聯(lián)盟在內(nèi)的幾大版權(quán)持有者現(xiàn)在分別出售女子賽事的贊助權(quán)，而不是與男子賽事捆綁在一起。)”可知，國(guó)際足聯(lián)和世界橄欖球聯(lián)盟在內(nèi)的幾大版權(quán)持有者現(xiàn)在分別出售女子賽事的贊助權(quán)，而不是與男子賽事捆綁在一起。G選項(xiàng)“Thatforcesbuyersandsellerstothinkaboutexactlyhowmuchsuchrightsmightbeworth.(那迫使買賣雙方考慮這些版權(quán)究竟值多少錢。)”符合語(yǔ)境，其中的that指代前文的“國(guó)際足聯(lián)和世界橄欖球聯(lián)盟在內(nèi)的幾大版權(quán)持有者現(xiàn)在分別出售女子賽事的贊助權(quán)”，前后文是因果關(guān)系，同時(shí)本句中的rights與前文中的rights呼應(yīng)。故選G。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空內(nèi)處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AfterIgavebirth,itseemedmybrainhadbeendraggedoutofmealongwithmynewbornson.Everythingbecame____21____andconversationoftenlostinmid-sentence.Ithoughtthese____22____mistakesmaybejust‘mommybrain’whileIcopedwithmiddle-of-the-nightfeedings.However,afterlittleNicholasbeganto____23____throughthenight,Iremainedinaconstantstateof____24____.ItoldmyselfI’dfeelintelligentagain.Ithoughtaboutmy____25____life.Whatengagedmybrainthen?Iwanderedthroughthehouseandfound____26____staringmeintheface:books.Ilookedonlineandfoundtheexact____27____:50BookChallenge.Read50booksinayear,whatever____28____Iwanted.WithindaysIdiscoverednewbooksofinterestandorderedsomefresh____29____.Ihadmyresolution:50books.Mycompetitivespiritbeganto____30____.Ifoundtimewhereithadneverexistedbefore.IreadasmysonwatchedSesameStreet.IreadwhenI____31____abus,Ireadbeforebedtime...Mybrain____32____fromhibernation(冬眠)andIhadnewandexcitingthingstodiscuss.Ihadstartedwitha____33____goaltobringmy____34____back.Ididthat,andgotmore.IshowedmysonNicholasthe____35____ofreading.Nowit’scommonformyfirst-gradertobringapileofbookstothecouchforreading.We’retogetherandreading,andallisrightwiththeworld.21.A.sunny B.foggy C.smooth D.possible22.A.physical B.psychological C.social D.mental23.A.sleep B.cry C.wakeup D.stayup24.A.tension B.security C.confusion D.depression25.A.pre-school B.pre-marriage C.pre-baby D.pre-teen26.A.answers B.questions C.stars D.eyes27.A.website B.comment C.motivation D.title28.A.price B.color C.size D.subject29.A.dishes B.reads C.flowers D.fruits30.A.takecare B.takeplace C.takeadvantage D.takeeffect31.A.saw B.drove C.caught D.rode32.A.awoke B.froze C.damaged D.suffered33.A.simple B.common C.different D.similar34.A.power B.time C.brain D.son35.A.talent B.pleasure C.process D.skill【答案】21.B22.A23.A24.C25.C26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了一位母親在生完孩子以后，大腦宕機(jī)，經(jīng)常斷片。但是，通過(guò)挑戰(zhàn)一年讀50本書(shū)，大腦逐漸從冬眠中醒來(lái)。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一切都變得模糊起來(lái)，談話經(jīng)常在句子中間中斷。A.sunny陽(yáng)光充足的；B.foggy有霧的；C.smooth光滑的；D.possible可能的。根據(jù)前文“AfterIgavebirth,itseemedmybrainhadbeendraggedoutofmealongwithmynewbornson.”以及本句“conversationoftenlostinmid-sentence”可知，作者生完孩子后，我的大腦似乎和我剛出生的兒子一起被拖出了身體，經(jīng)常斷片，事情不清楚。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我想這些身體上的錯(cuò)誤可能只是我半夜喂奶時(shí)的“媽媽大腦”造成的。A.physical身體的；B.psychological心理的；C.social社會(huì)的；D.mental精神上的。根據(jù)前文“Everythingbecame1andconversationoftenlostinmid-sentence.”可知，這是作者身體上的狀況。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在小尼古拉斯開(kāi)始一覺(jué)睡到天亮之后，我一直處于一種混亂的狀態(tài)。A.sleep睡覺(jué)；B.cry哭；C.wakeup醒來(lái)；D.stayup熬夜。根據(jù)前文“Ithoughtthese2mistakesmaybejust‘mommybrain’whileIcopedwithmiddle-of-the-nightfeedings.”以及本句中“However”可知，前后為對(duì)照關(guān)系，作者本以為是半夜喂奶導(dǎo)致的，但是當(dāng)兒子入睡以后，作者還是處于困惑的狀態(tài)。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在小尼古拉斯開(kāi)始度過(guò)黑夜之后，我一直處于一種困惑的狀態(tài)。A.tension緊張；B.security安全；C.confusion困惑；D.depression抑郁。根據(jù)前文“Everythingbecame1andconversationoftenlostinmid-sentence.”可知，作者生產(chǎn)以后，一直是模模糊糊，說(shuō)話說(shuō)一半的迷糊狀態(tài)。故選C。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我回想起我生孩子前的生活。A.pre-school學(xué)前的；B.pre-marriage婚前的；C.pre-baby產(chǎn)前的；D.pre-teen（約11或12歲的）大兒童。根據(jù)下文“Whatengagedmybrainthen?”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“then”可知，作者在回憶生孩子之前大腦在忙什么。故選C。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在屋子里踱來(lái)踱去，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案就在眼前：書(shū)。A.answers回答；B.questions問(wèn)題；C.stars星星；D.eyes眼睛。根據(jù)前文“Whatengagedmybrainthen?”以及本句中“books”可知，作者在回憶生孩子之前大腦在忙什么，看著眼前的書(shū)，作者找到了答案。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在網(wǎng)上找到了確切的動(dòng)機(jī)：50本書(shū)挑戰(zhàn)。A.website網(wǎng)站；B.comment評(píng)論；C.motivation動(dòng)力；D.title標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本句中“50BookChallenge”可知，挑戰(zhàn)閱讀50本書(shū)給了作者動(dòng)力。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一年讀50本書(shū)，什么題材都行。A.price價(jià)格；B.color顏色；C.size尺寸；D.subject話題。根據(jù)本句中的連詞“whatever”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可知，前后為對(duì)照關(guān)系，無(wú)論什么題材，一年內(nèi)50本書(shū)即可。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天之內(nèi)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些我感興趣的新書(shū)，并訂購(gòu)了一些新書(shū)。A.dishes碟，盤；B.reads好的讀物；C.flowers花；D.fruit水果。根據(jù)前文“Read50booksinayear,whatever8Iwanted.”可知，作者要挑戰(zhàn)一年讀50本書(shū)，所以訂購(gòu)了一些讀物。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)精神開(kāi)始發(fā)揮作用。A.takecare小心；B.takeplace發(fā)生；C.takeadvantage利用；D.takeeffect生效，起作用。根據(jù)下文“Mybrain12fromhibernation(冬眠)andIhadnewandexcitingthingstodiscuss.”可知，作者讀書(shū)讓大腦激活并開(kāi)始發(fā)揮作用。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐公共汽車時(shí)看書(shū)，睡覺(jué)前看書(shū)……。A.saw看見(jiàn)；B.drove駕駛；C.caught捕捉；D.rode搭乘。根據(jù)前文“Ifoundtimewhereithadneverexistedbefore.”以及空后的賓語(yǔ)“abus”可知，作者找了之前并不發(fā)覺(jué)的時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀，例如，搭乘公交車的時(shí)間。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的大腦從冬眠中醒來(lái)，我有新的和令人興奮的事情要討論。A.awoke蘇醒；B.froze凍??；C.damaged損傷；D.suffered遭受。根據(jù)本句中“Ihadnewandexcitingthingstodiscuss”可知，作者現(xiàn)在有新的和令人興奮的事情可以討論，說(shuō)明大腦在慢慢恢復(fù)。故選A。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的目標(biāo)開(kāi)始，那就是恢復(fù)我的大腦。A.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；B.common常見(jiàn)的；C.different不同的；D.similar相似的。根據(jù)本句中“tobringmy14back”可知，這是作者的簡(jiǎn)單的目標(biāo)。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的目標(biāo)開(kāi)始，那就是恢復(fù)我的大腦。A.power力量；B.time時(shí)間；C.brain大腦；D.son兒子。根據(jù)前文“Whatengagedmybrainthen?”可知，作者讀書(shū)的目的就是恢復(fù)大腦。故選C。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我向兒子尼古拉斯展示了閱讀的樂(lè)趣。A.talent天賦；B.pleasure樂(lè)趣；C.process過(guò)程；D.skill技能。根據(jù)后文“We’retogetherandreading,andallisrightwiththeworld.”可知，作者向兒子展示了讀書(shū)的樂(lè)趣，他們一起讀書(shū)。故選B。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單