美國(guó)通用電氣戰(zhàn)略管理模式

Foundedin1878byThomasAlvaEdisonMergerin1892TheEdisonGeneralElectricCompanyTheThomson-HoustonCompanyOneofthe12stocksthatmadeupthefirstDJIAindexin1896.Inthelistcontinuouslysince1907TheHeritage第一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。美國(guó)通用電氣公司的戰(zhàn)略管理模式（GE）第二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Today’sBasics…Revenue:$125.7BDomestic:Foreign~2:1NetIncome$13.7BMarketCapitalization:~$244BEmployees:~310,00013majorbusinessesMorethan100countries第三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)?！瑿ompareandContrast’81TodayRevenue$27.2B$125.7BEarnings$1.7B$13.7BMarketValue$13B$244BBusinesses4313Employees404,000310,000第四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。TheThreeFamiliesLong-CycleBusinessesGEShort-CycleBusinessesFinancialServices第五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Long-CycleBusinessesLong-CycleBusinessesAircraftEnginesPowerSystemsMedicalSystemsTransportationSystems第六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Short-CycleBusinessesShort-CycleBusinessesConsumerAppliancesIndustrialSystemsSpecialtyMaterialsNBCPlastics第七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。FinancialServicesFinancialServicesCommercialFinanceConsumerFinanceEquipmentManagementInsuranceBusiness第八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。ASummaryofBusinessFinances第九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。TheShareofthePie…第十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。TheShareofthePie…第十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。TheEra:HowtheMarketValuedit第十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Compare&ContrastwithPre-WelchEra第十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。FromFollowingtheEconomy…第十四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)?！璗oSettingthePace第十五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。TheTurnaroundHowdidtheydoit?第十六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第十七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。JackWelch’svisionBenumber1or2(Fix,sellorclose)Welchsetthestandardforeachbusinesstobecomethe#1or#2competitorinitsindustry

“Adecadefromnow,IwouldlikeGeneralElectrictobeperceivedasaunique,high-spirited,entrepreneurialenterprise...themostprofitable,highlydiversifiedcompanyonearth,withworldqualityleadershipineveryoneofitsproductlines”第十八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第十九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第二十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Strengths

SizeDiversifiedportfolioRelationswiththegovernmentFinancialstrengthWeaknesses

BureaucraticmechanisticorganizationManylayersfromtoptobottomDoingitbythebookinsteadofdoingitrightforthecustomer,employeeorbusinessBusinessesasIslandsuntothemselvesOpportunitiesEmergingmarketsChangingbusinessmodelsThreats

TheJapanesechallengeRecessionaryUSeconomywithhighinterestratesandastrongdollarSWOTanalysisin1981第二十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。JackWelch’svisionBenumber1or2(Fix,sellorclose)Welchsetthestandardforeachbusinesstobecomethe#1or#2competitorinitsindustry

“Adecadefromnow,IwouldlikeGeneralElectrictobeperceivedasaunique,high-spirited,entrepreneurialenterprise...themostprofitable,highlydiversifiedcompanyonearth,withworldqualityleadershipineveryoneofitsproductlines”第二十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第二十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。BusinessRestructuring…GE-McKinseyMatrixQuestionmark

AppliancesSpecialtyMaterialsWinner

AircraftEnginesPowerSystemsWinner

MedicalSystemsCapital

LoserConsumerElectronicsAverage

Business

PlasticsIndustrialSystemsWinnerTransportationLoser

CentralA/CHousewaresCoalminingLoserProfitProducer

LightingHighMediumLowLowMediumHighMarketAttractivenessCompetitivePosition第二十四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Reorganizationofbusinesses第二十五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Changingcompositionofbusinesses第二十六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。BusinessRestructuring….cont’dToFromFourNineDe-layeringofhierarchicallevelsEvaluatedagainstexternalcompetitionInternalcomparisonswithpastperformanceFocusofBudgetingprocessRealtimeplanningStrategicPlanningprocessPlanningprocess第二十七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第二十八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。

ScientificManagementVsTransformationalleadershipWriting

Speaker

Cautious AggressiveHarmony

Confrontational

System

oriented

Individual

orientedIntegrationthrucommittees

ThruProcesses

Relieson Reports OnemployeefeedbackAvoideduncertainty AccepteditControlledchange

ReveledinchangeReginaldJones JackWelchPath-breakingLeadershipofGE第二十九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。

GroomingagenerationofleadersTypeIIIGotridoffquicklyTypeIStarTypeIIGivenanotherchanceTypeIVAskedtoleaveLowHighHighLowTeamValuesPerformance第三十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。LeadersofthefutureThe4Es

Energy-excitedbyideasbecauseoftheopportunitybringsEnergize-infectingeveryonewiththesameenthusiasmfor anideaEdge-theabilitytomaketoughdecisionsExecute-theabilitytoturnvisionintoresults第三十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。“Work-out”wasaprocessinitiatedbyJackWelchandJamesBaughmantoaddresstheissueofincreasingproductivitybychangingthein-houseculturetoreflectthatofansmallfirm,characterizedby

SpeedSimplicitySelfConfidence“Work-out”Self-ConfidenceSimplicitySpeedOrganizationalRestructuring-“Work-out”第三十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Culturein1980’sFinetunedFinancial

AnalysisLongStrategicDeliberationsCentralizedControlsMultilevelApprovalsCultureinlate1980’s–1990’sSpeedSimplicitySelfConfidenceWork-outProcessTransformationofcultureatGEtosustaingrowth&productivityOrganizationalRestructure–“Work-out”第三十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Implementationofatypicalin-house“workout”·ConsultantassignedtoeachGEbusinesstofacilitate3-dayoff-sites·

Groupsof40–100employeesinvitedtoshareviewsabouttheirbusiness

andhowitmightbeimproved.·

UnitBosspresentschallenge/problemandleavesfacilitatorswith

employeestolistproblems,debatesolutions,andpreparepresentations.·

Results(analysisandrecommendations)werepresentedtotheUnitBosson

thefinalday.·

Immediatedecisions“yes/no”takenontheproposalsbytheUnitBoss.

·

Deadlinesfixedtoreviewadditionalinformation·Promptactionandfollow-uponproposalsOrganizationalRestructure–“Work-out”第三十四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Implementationofatypicalin-house“workout”Work-out

OrganizationParticipationProblemPresentationEvaluationResultPresentationDecisionAction/

FollowupResultsof“Work-out”:1981198819922%productivityannually4%productivityannually“Work-out”P(pán)rocess第三十五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SalientFeaturesof“Work-out”·Culturecharacterizedbyspeed,simplicityandself-confidence.·

Ideassolicitedfromeveryone,everywhere·

Noboundariescreatedbyorganizationalhierarchy.·

Nodocumentation·

Focusonturningtalkintoaction.·

Focusonaddressingrealproblemsandsolutions·

Nofunctionalspecializationandhierarchicalpowerdifferences

inhibitingflowsandimplementationofaction.·Promptactioninformationregardlessofthesource.·Closingtheloop-FollowingupondecisionsandlearningbydoingOrganizationalRestructure–“Work-out”第三十六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。DomesticOperationForeignOperationGE:BoundrylessOrganizationEngineeringManufacturingMarketingSalesCustomerServiceTraditionalStructureGeographicallySegmentedBoundbyFunctionalbarriersNoideasharingLabeldependentBoundrylessStructureGE:ASeamlessOrganizationIntegratedApproach–No

FunctionalBarriersBonusandoptionslinkedto

ideageneration&sharingNoLabeldependenceOrganizationalRestructure-BoundrylessBehavior第三十七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Workouts

BoundrylessBehaviorOrganizationalChangeleadingtoSuperiorCustomerResponsivenessDifferentiatingFactorValueCreationCompetitiveAdvantageOrganizationalchangecompetitiveadvantageOrganizational

Restructure第三十八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第三十九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。MarketsGrowthEnginePresentNewPresentNewMarketPenetrationProduct/serviceExtensionDiversificationMarketExpansionPresentNewProductsAcquisitionGlobalization第四十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。MarketsGrowthEnginePresentNewPresentNewMarketPenetrationProduct/serviceExtensionDiversificationMarketExpansionPresentNewProductsAcquisitionGlobalization第四十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。MarketsGrowthEnginePresentNewPresentNewFourPillarsProduct/serviceExtensionDiversificationMarketExpansionPresentNewProductsAcquisitionGlobalization第四十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。

FocusonbuildingblocksofcompetitiveadvantageQualityInnovationCustomerResponsivenessEfficiency

MarketPenetrationMarketPenetration第四十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。MarketPenetrationCoreBusinessHighTechnologyServicesInvestinimprovingQuality&EfficiencystayontheleadingedgebyinvestinginR&DAchievesuperiorcustomerresponsivenessThreeCircleConcept:threeparallelapproaches第四十四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。GE’sforayintotheServicesIndustrywas2-pronged

TooffsetthedependenceofGEonitsindustrialproductswithinits

existingmarketandhelpitsbusinessesreachthe#1position.Tocountertheslumpinthedemandforexistingproductsby

providingvalue-addedservicesBenefits:

HugegrowthpotentialforGEandResultinincreasedrevenuethroughvalue-addedservices.

e.g.:ServicebasedtechnologiessuchasrealtimemonitoringcapabilitiesdevelopedbyGE’sMedicalSystemstobetransferredtotherealtimemonitoringofAircraftEnginesandPowerBusinessUnits.

Product/ServiceExtensions第四十五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。ServiceExtensionsinexistingmarketswererealizedbyacquisitionssuchas$1.5billionjetengineservicebusiness$600millionpurchaseofaglobalpowergeneration

equipmentservicecompanyServiceExtensions:RevenueGrowth第四十六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。MarketExpansion(Globalization)Why? -6%Vs12% -Cost&QualityAdvantage -IntellectualCapital第四十七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Diversification

CreatingvaluebyDecreasingoverallportfoliorisk.–longcycle&shortcyclebusinessesSuperiorInternalGovernanceviaMacro-managementTransferringcompetencies–boundarylessbehaviorEconomiesofscopeAbalancingactBureau-cracyValueDestroyingvaluebybloatedbureaucracyInformationoverloadLackofCoordination第四十八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。How?Smartbombing:ThinkGlobalActLocal -DevelopedGlobalMarkets -EmergingGlobalMarketsFactorEndowmentsIntensityofRivalryLocalDemandConditionsCompetitivenessNationalCompetitiveAdvantageIssues:Porter’sDiamondMarketExpansion(Globalization)第四十九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。GlobalizationforMarketexpansionanddiversification第五十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Product/ServiceExtension&Diversification:AcquisitionsWhy? -Quickerwaytoachievesignificantgrowth -Lesseruncertainty -Highbarrierstoentry(maturebusinesses)第五十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Industrial/NBC

FinancialServicesa)#Deals 34 52 56 101 108 134 95 TBDa)FinancialServicesDataincludes(cash,debt,stock)AssetPortfolioDeals

b)TotalConsiderationTransactionValueb)ACQUISITIONSCRITICALTOGE’SGROWTH...Acquisitions第五十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第五十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。QualityFourPillarsContinuousImprovementBestpracticesOvercomeInertiaSustainingCompetitiveAdvantage第五十四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SixSigmaEvolutionWhatDoes

SixSigma

DoForGE?1995PRODUCTIVITY1997PRODUCTDESIGN1998@THECUSTOMER1999FULFILLMENT2000DIGITIZATIONEvolution

inGE

DrivesCustomerCentricityImprovesProduct/ServiceCapabilityReducesCostsImprovesPerformanceReliabilityFoundationfore-Business/Digitization第五十五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。$600$500$450$380$200$2500$1200$700$170CostBenefit1996CostBenefit1997CostBenefit1998CostBenefit1999CostBenefit20006SigmaCost6SigmaProductivityDelightingCustomersResults

from6Sigma

$2500$3.0B$0.5B$2.5B第五十六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。HEADSPINECHEST

ABDOMEN

PELVISLIVER1minute19seconds9million2minutes15seconds1million3minutes17seconds4million20seconds06seconds6millionExamTimeBefore

ExamTimeAfterProceduresperYearGEMSLightSpeedCTScannerAbdomen:liver,spine,kidneyHead:skull,brainImageSpeeds

BeforeAfterProducts

from6Sigma

第五十七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Benchmarking&BestPracticesharingBenchmarkingFirstcarriedoutin1988,againstFord,HewlettPackard,Xerox,andToshibaononlyproductivitydimensionsCurrently,usedfortarget-settingforallprocessesandfunctionsConductedusing‘PEERnext’andeOPTIMISsoftwaretoolsBestPracticessharingSixSigmatrackerforeachbusinessandSixSigmacafe’acrossGEAdoptionofBestPracticesinstitutionalizedvia‘CopyCat’AwardAggressivelydrivenbyGEOperatingsystem第五十八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。OvercominginertiaTransitionStateCurrentStateImprovedStateMonitoringprogressMakingchangelastMobilizingcommitmentShapingavisionCreatingasharedneed第五十九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundarylessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange第六十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。BusinessProcessOutsourcingBenefitsofOutsourcingProvideCapacityCreateStrategicAdvantageMovetoVariableCostBetterProcessDeliveryRemoteprocessingofBack-endoperationsLeveragestheintellectualtalentandprocessingcostdifferentialofdevelopingcountriesEg.UnderwritingprocessforGEcreditcards,Mortgage,SFGetc.foranycustomerinUSAandEuropetakeplaceinDelhi,India.第六十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。DigitizationistransformingeverythingGEdoes;Automatingworkflowandleveragingtheinternetiscrucialtothe

futuresuccessofGEMakingGEfaster,leanerandsmarterevenasGEbecome

bigger.Results:$7billionworthofgoodsandservicesweresold

overthenetin2000.$6billionwas

conductedononlineauctions~$1.5billiongeneratedbyGEinoperatingmargin

improvementsin2001E-business/Digitization第六十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Thisisthequoteoftheday...fromJeff'sanalystmeetingafterSep11th2001

``GEisbuilttooutperform,''saidImmelt,whoalsopredicteddouble-digitgrowthin2002.``Iwaschairmanfortwodays,andthenIhadjetswithmyengineshitabuildingIinsuredwhichwascoveredbyanetworkIowned,andwestillgrew(2001)earningsby11percent.Ithinkwe'reinprettygoodshape.''第六十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Appendix第六十四頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。

GEE-BusinessInternetStrategiesStrategyDefinitionWhatisit?ExamplesVisualDisintermediationAggregationCommunityPortalPermeatetheCustomer’sSpaceCustomer-SpecifiedProductsandTermseee$$DynamicPricingeeTakeoverorremembercustomer’sdataandremembertheirprocessesorpreferencesGetbetweenthebuyerandsellerCreateacommunityofbuyersandsellersTakeouttheMiddleManLetthecustomerintodesigndataandprocessesCreateaMarketGEAppliancesPurchasingappliancesonlineisavailableforcustomersalongwithsparesandaccessoriesDirectSellingProvideabroadrangeofproductinformationGELightingDetailedandvisualproductinformationcategorizedforhome,businessorautomotiveuseGESupplyCreatesnetworkforcommunicationbetweenallsuppliersProvideproductsandservicestomembersRememberthecustomerspreferences,paymentmethods,recentpurchases,etc.GEFinancialNetworkProvidesOnlineinsuranceQuotesandpaymentfacility.Also,updatescustomersofnewoffersCustomerdesigns/configurestheirownproductGELightingThereissoftwaretodownloadthathelpsdecidetheperfectlightAuctionsGEXchangeElectronicExchangethatallowscustomerstonametheirownpricesCo-MarketingRelationshipsServicePartnershipExtendserviceintothecustomer’sorganizationSharecustomerstocreateamorecompellingproductGEMedicalSystemsOtherconsumableDiagnosticproductsofsupplierscanbepurchasedalongwithCTscansparesDirectSellingandAdvertisingeeEnsuringthatthecustomerneedsaremetGEAircraftEngineswouldkeepaninventoryofengine’sinstocktomeetrequire-mentsandneeds.第六十五頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。Equity/Warrants:GEistryingtosecureeitherequityorwarrantsfromallthevendorsthatitisworkingwithtodevelopit’se-businessstrategiesE-businessVendorGoals:Securevaluablerevenues(internetcompaniestradeatsalesmultiples)GetinstantaneouscredibilitywithmarketplacethroughGEreference/endorsementGEBusinessesGoals:Recoverconsulting/licensecostsBroadenpartneringrelationshipsSecureequityupsideopportunitywithhighgrowth,emerginge-businesscompaniesGEEquityGoals:PutmoneytoworkandmaximizeROISupportGEbusinessesbyinvestinginstrategiccompaniesEquity:thedirectownershipinacompanyMutuallybeneficialrelationship:Warrant:aninstrumentthatgivestheholdertherighttoacquireacertainnumberofsharesofthecapitalstockofacompanyonorbeforeacertaindateforacertainprice

GEE-BusinessInternetStrategies第六十六頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。ServiceExtensions:RevenueGrowth第六十七頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。InnovationObjectiveapproachtowardsthecustomerLookfortechnologyplatformsCreategamechangingtechnologies-remotediagnosticscapabilitySolveGE’scrticaltechnicalchallenges–LowNoxemmissionsSharetechnologiesacrossbusinessesSourcetechnologyworldwideDeveloptechnicalhumanresource

Forexample,GEresearchersdevelopedductiletungsten,manynewtypesofengineeringplastics,man-madediamond,andmajorimprovementsincomputedtomographyandmagneticresonanceimaging.GE90engine-theworld'smostpowerful,efficientandquietengine.Oneofthemajortechnologyadvancesinvolvedinthisprogramisacompositefanblademadeofapolymer-basedmaterialthatistwiceasstrongassteelathalftheweight.第六十八頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。1997

Performix?X-rayTube

1998

LightSpeed?CT

SmallMotorproducts

Ultem1285

Spectra?GasRange

1999

Spectra?ElectricRange

Advantium?SpeedOven

TritonDishwasher

CeramicMetalHalideLamps

T5FluorescentLamp

SignaOpenSpeed?MR

OQ1050CforCompactDisc

AC6000Locomotive2000orlaterNewDesigns5000Projectsfocusedon

New6SigmaTechnology&NewProcessestotheGEBusinesses

AllofGEProductsDesignedforSixSigmaProducts

from6Sigma

第六十九頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。CustomerIssueAssemblyLineEfficiencyCustomerResultsOutputfrom450è800Units/DayWIPê85%$1MMCostOutFloorCareManufacturer

– PlasticsAirlines

– EnginesBuilders

– AppliancesHospitals

– MedicalRetailers– Lighting– AppliancesOEMs– Vendor– CEFUtilities– PowerSys.– IndustrialSys.SixSigma@theCustomer

SixSigmaApproachidentifies

FactorsimpactingWorkFlowGEResults

2MMlb.ShareShift$1.5MMGrowthProgramEfficiency第七十頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。VariationfromRequest2/99 10/99 Today 17Days 4Days2DaysGESilicones

-DeliverytoRequestCustomerResponsivenessSales DoubleDigitVolumeGrowthInternet WebSalesBoomingSalesForce MoreTimetoSellvs.ChasingOrderStatusOpMargin Up20+%第七十一頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。CustomerPowerPlantEquipmentavailability'98Baseline2Q'993Q'994Q'992000On-timeReliabilitygivesCustomer45daysmoreElectricitySalesGEPowerSystems-OEE

Customers’RevenueImpactedByVariation30231450Days5DaysQuality45DayVariationReduction第七十二頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SizeofcirclecorrespondstonumberofqualifiedworkersavailableCapabilitiesofworkersForeignlanguages(PrimarilyEnglish)Qualityofwork&workethicCostdifferentialLocationAttractivenessInfrastructureCommunicationBasicInfrastructureCountryrisks&FDIIncentivesAttractiveIncentivesPoliticalenvironmentTimeZoneattractivenessSingaporeHongkongChinaHollandIrelandAustraliaUKIndiaPhilippinesMexicoHighHighLowLowMigrationStrategy第七十三頁(yè)，共七十七頁(yè)。SelectOrganizationToBenchmarkPrepareForTheVisitVisitTheOrganizationDebrief&DevelopAnActionPlanRetainAnd