綠色經(jīng)濟與企業(yè)管理教材

ManagingaCompanyintheComingGreenEconomyEdwardClarence-SmithUNIDORepresentativeChina,DPRK,Mongolia21June2010第一頁，共四十二頁。TheGreenEconomyiscomingPresidentHuJintao,atUNGeneralAssembly,Sept.2009“Wewillstepupoureffortstodevelopagreeneconomyandlowcarboneconomy”PremierWenJiaobei,commentingFifthChina-EUBusinessSummit,Nov.2009“WeagreedthatiftheChina-EUComprehensiveStrategicPartnershipistomoveforward,itshouldbeanchoredonafoundationofeconomiccooperation,behi-techdriven,andmakegreeneconomyapriority.”

VicePremierLiKeqiang,atInternationalConferenceonGreenEconomyandClimateChange,May2010“TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofgreeneconomyandcopingwithclimatechange.”第二頁，共四十二頁。Today’sPresentationWhydoweneedaGreenEconomy?WhatwouldaGreenEconomylooklike?ManagingaCompanyinaGreenEconomy第三頁，共四十二頁。Development-GlobalPoliticalContextDevelopingcountrieswanttodevelop.Puttingitverysimply,theywanttobecomeliketheUS,likeEurope,likeJapan.第四頁，共四十二頁。5IndustrializationisKeyDevelopmentisonlygoingtohappenthroughindustrialization.Thatishowthe“rich”countriesdeveloped,andnoonehascomeupwithadifferentwayofdoingit.BUTthatcreatesaproblem!第五頁，共四十二頁。EcologicalFootprint–AnIntroductionOureconomiesneedtheplanetfortwothings:Asthesourceofthematerialresourcesweconsume(crops,animals,cleanwater,coal,oil,minerals,landforbuilding,…)Astheplacewhereallthewasteandpollutionwegenerategetsbrokendown,absorbed,andmadeharmless.“EcologicalFootprint”isameasure,inhectaresperperson,oftheamountofbiologicallyproductivelandandseaareaweneedtoregeneratetheresourcesweconsumeandtoabsorbandmakeharmlessthewasteandpollutionwegenerate.第六頁，共四十二頁。7EcologicalfootprintofdifferentnationsSource:Factor5第七頁，共四十二頁。AGrimFutureContinuingthesegrowthtrendsissimplyunsus-tainable.EcologicalFootprint:IfeveryonelivedlikedEuropeans,ourecologicalfootprintwouldbe~5hectares/person.Thatwouldneed2.5Planets!IfeveryonelivedlikedAmericans,ourecologicalfootprintwouldbe~10hectares/person.Thatwouldneed4.5Planets!!!Theplanetwillcollapse,andsowillwe.第八頁，共四十二頁。TheUnderlyingProblemDevelopmentistoomuchseenasimproving/maintaininganECONOMICstandardofliving.Thismeansconsuminglargeamountsofresources.Butdevelopmentshouldbemuchbroader:personal,social,cultural,political,…ItshouldbeaboutincreasingourQualityofLife第九頁，共四十二頁。QualityofLife:HumanDevelopmentIndexHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI):acompositestatisticusedtorankcountriesbylevelof“humandevelopment”.HDIiscomposedfromdataon:Lifeexpectancyatbirth(indicatorofpopulationhealthandlongevity)Adultliteracyrateandenrollmentratesinprimary,secondary,andtertiaryeducationalinstitutions(indicatorofknowledgeandeducation)PercapitaGDP(indicatorofeconomicstandardofliving)第十頁，共四十二頁。11HumanDevelopmentIndexandEcologicalFootprintofNationsSource:GlobalFootprintNetworkandWWF2006GreenEconomy第十一頁，共四十二頁。TheChallengefortheDevelopingCountriesdecreasetheecologicalfootprintincreasethequalityoflifeEconomicgrowthGreenEconomyshould:

第十二頁，共四十二頁。TheChallengeoftheFuturedecreasetheecologicalfootprintincreasethequalityoflifeEconomicgrowthSowhatdoesthismeanforacompany?GreenEconomyshould:

第十三頁，共四十二頁。ThechallengeforCompaniesReducetheecologicalfootprintoftheirfactories;Reducetheecologicalfootprintoftheirproducts;Improvethequalityoflifeoftheircustomers;Improvethequalityoflifeoftheiremployees;Improvethequalityoflifeofthecommunitiesinwhichtheyarelocated.Today,focusontheecologicalfootprintaspects第十四頁，共四十二頁。ReducingtheEcologicalFootprint:

TwosetsofstrategicoptionsAcompanycanchangeitsbusinessmodeltosellgreenproducts/offergreenservices:“GreenIndustries”.

Itcankeepondoingwhatit’sdoingbutdoitinagreenerway:ThroughitsproductsAttheprocesslevel(inthefactory)Beyondthecompany=>“GreeningofIndustries”15第十五頁，共四十二頁。Twosetsofstrategicoptions:

CreateGreenIndustriesGreenExistingIndustries16第十六頁，共四十二頁。HugeNumberofOpportunities-1Companiescanstartmanufacturinggreentechnologiesandproducts:Renewableenergy:wind,solarthermal,photovoltaic,hydroelectric,biomass,geothermal,tidal,hydrogen,smartgrids,….EquipmentandproductstoimproveenergyandmaterialsefficiencyWater:watertreatmentandpurification,moreefficientuseofwater,…Transport:electriccars,hydrogen-fueledcars,fasttrains,planesusingbiofuels,…Wasteandpollution:technologiesforrecyclingortreatingwasteandpollution第十七頁，共四十二頁。HugeNumberofOpportunities-2Companiescanstartofferinggreenservices:Wastecollectorsandtransporters;Eco-designfirms:designfirmsthatspecializeindesigningproductsfromanenvironmentalpointofview;ESCOs:companiesthatmanageotherorganization’senergyforthem;Environmentalconsultants;Laboratoriesthatspecializeinenvironmentalmeasurementandanalysis….第十八頁，共四十二頁。Twosetsofstrategicoptions:

CreateGreenIndustriesGreenExistingIndustriesThroughproductsAttheprocesslevel(inthefactory)Beyondthecompany19第十九頁，共四十二頁。Throughproducts-goodsRedesignyourgoodssothat:Theycanbemadewiththeleastamountofmaterials(“dematerialization”);Theyconsumetheleastamountofmaterialsandenergyduringuse(“l(fā)ifecycleanalysis”);Theycanbeeasilyrecycledattheendoftheirusefullife.第二十頁，共四十二頁。Dematerialization-example第二十一頁，共四十二頁。Lessconsumptionduringuse-exampleASSESSMENTOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACTWashingMachine第二十二頁，共四十二頁。Recyclingatendoflife–theideal第二十三頁，共四十二頁。Recyclingatendoflife–therealitytoday第二十四頁，共四十二頁。ManagingaProcesstoGreenGoodsPointstoremember:Youneed(accessto)strongeco-designcapabilities.Youneedtoeducateyourusers.Youneedtoworkwiththerecyclingindustry.

第二十五頁，共四十二頁。ServicesratherthanGoods

Customerswantaservice;thegoodtheybuyoffersthemaservice.Sowhynotselltheserviceratherthanthegood?i.e.,leasetheproductratherthansellit.Strongenvironmentaladvantages:Thegoodscanbeusedmoreefficientlyandforlongerperiodsoftime;So,lessgoodsaresold=>lessmaterialsareconsumed;Theycanberecycledbetterattheendoftheirusefullife.Therearemanyexamplesouttherealready.26第二十六頁，共四十二頁。Officeequipment…Lookingforaphotocopier,faxmachine,printer,digitalprojectororofficeshredderforrentalhire?OMMhasasolutionforyou.Wehaveafullrangeofofficeequipmentforallyourofficeequipmentrentalneeds.WecanprovideofficeequipmentforshorttermhireandLongtermrentalforallyourofficeequipmentrequirementsincludingCanoncolourphotocopiers,computers,digitalprojectors,officeshredders,faxmachinesandofficefurniturethroughoutLondonandthehomecountiesTermscanrangefrom1day,1week,1monthor1yeardependantonyourrequirementsandallofficeequipmentrentalscomecompletewithfreedeliveryandmaintenanceservicebyqualifiedengineers.Wehaveanextensiverangeofstockandsubjecttostocklevelscanrespondquicklyandefficientlytoyourrequirements.Pricesaredependantonthetermoftherentalperiodandthetypeofofficeequipmentyouwishtorent.

OMMUK第二十七頁，共四十二頁?！瑼utomobilesinCitiesReservationandtransfer24hadayFeesfrom€1,50/hourand€0,40/kmAll-inratesincludefuelEnvironmentallyfriendlyvehicleswithlowCO2At200majortrafficnodesinAustriaCombinationofferswithpublictransportDenzelMobility,Switzerland第二十八頁，共四十二頁。WhysellServicesratherthanGoods?Advantagesfortheserviceuser:GettheserviceyouwantDon’thavetodealwithalltheotherproblemsthatcomewithownershipDoesn’tcostyoumore,andoftencostsyoulessBusinessadvantagesfortheserviceprovider:Canmakeasmuch,ifnotmore,money“Lockin”yourcommercialrelationshipCanbecomepartoftheclient’sinnovationefforts(strongerlock-in)第二十九頁，共四十二頁。Twosetsofstrategicoptions:

CreateGreenIndustriesGreenExistingIndustriesThroughproductsAttheprocesslevel(inthefactory)Beyondthecompany30第三十頁，共四十二頁。InthefactoryRedesignyourprocessessothat:Theyusetheleastamountofmaterialandenergyinputs;Theygeneratetheleastamountofpollutionandwaste;Theyusetheleastamountoftoxicmaterials;Theymaximizetheuseofrecycledinputs;Theymaximizetheuseofrenewableinputs.第三十一頁，共四十二頁。MinimizingMaterialandEnergyInputs:

PurchasesofFuel–newspapermanufacturingModernMillQ1Q3第三十二頁，共四十二頁。33MinimizingPollution,ReducingToxics:

Useofsolvent–manufactureofpackagingandothertape

Ina3MplantinBrazilmanufacturingpackagingtapeandothertypesoftape,theyreplacedasolvent-basedprocesswithanew,water-basedprocess.Theplantreducedtoxicsolventemissionsby45tonnesayear.Also,itnolongerneededequipmenttoburnthesolventemissions,eliminating25tonnesofCO2emissionsayear.Theprojectsavedtheplantover$850,000initsfirstyearofimplementation.Source:3MPollutionPreventionPaysProgramme,2005第三十三頁，共四十二頁。Maximizingtheuseofrenewableresources

Useofsolarthermal–textileproduction第三十四頁，共四十二頁。Maximizingtheuseofrenewableresources

Useofphotovoltaics–productionofelectricity第三十五頁，共四十二頁。ManagingaprocesstogreenfactoriesPointstoremember:ManagementcommitmentApplyingasystematicapproachChangingattitudesInvolvingallemployees,motivatingthem,trainingthemReportingprogress–internallyandexternally第三十六頁，共四十二頁。Twosetsofstrategicoptions:

CreateGreenIndustriesGreenExistingIndustriesThroughproductsAttheprocesslevel(inthefactory)Beyondthecompany37第三十七頁，共四十二頁。Goingbeyondthecompany–1Useyoureconomicleverage:Usesuppliersthatarealsocommittedtobeinggreen(“greeningthesupplychain”)Procureservicesfromprovidersthatarecommittedtobeinggreen(greenenergysu