呼吸系統(tǒng)解剖學醫(yī)學課件ppt

呼吸系統(tǒng)解剖學醫(yī)學課件ppt第一頁，共26頁。第二頁，共26頁。Constituents:RespiratorytractLungsGeneralDescriptionFunction:

Gasexchange

PleuraandpluralcavityMediastinum第三頁，共26頁。UpperrespiratorytractNasalpassagePharynxLarynx

RespiratorytractLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchi第四頁，共26頁。1.ExternalnoseNasalpassage2.Nasalcavity

nasalvestibule(鼻前庭）propernasalcavity(固有鼻腔）nasalseptum（鼻中隔）lateralwallofnasalcavity3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（額竇）ethmoidalsinus（篩竇）sphenoidalsinus（蝶竇）maxillarysinus

（上頜竇）第五頁，共26頁。Back1.Externalnose鼻骨額骨上頜骨鼻側軟骨中隔軟骨鼻翼軟骨第六頁，共26頁。2.Nasalcavity鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻中隔Nasallimen鼻閾鼻咽LateralwallSeptum固有鼻腔固有鼻腔第七頁，共26頁。Thenasalseptum

（鼻中隔）ThelongitudinalplateofethmoidboneThecartilageofnasalseptumThevomer篩骨垂直板鼻中隔軟骨犁骨2.NasalcavityLittleregion第八頁，共26頁。2.NasalcavityLateralwall

Nasalconchae(鼻甲)Nasalmeatus(鼻道)

Sphenoethmoidalrecess

(蝶篩隱窩)蝶篩隱窩上鼻甲中鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻道中鼻道上鼻道第九頁，共26頁。2.NasalcavityLateralwall1.Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔

2.Ethmoidalinfundibulum篩漏斗

3.

Ethmoidalbulla篩泡

4.Nasolacrimalcanal

鼻淚管第十頁，共26頁。3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（額竇）ethmoidalsinus（篩竇）sphenoidalsinus（蝶竇）

maxillarysinus（上頜竇）額竇額竇額竇篩竇蝶竇上頜竇上頜竇篩竇第十一頁，共26頁。Theopeningsoftheparanasalsinusesfrontalfrontalethmodialsphenoidalmaxillary3.ParanasalSinuses第十二頁，共26頁。ThebiologicalrolesoftheparanasalsinusesDecreasingtherelativeweightofthefrontoftheskull

IncreasingresonanceofthevoiceProvidingabufferagainstblowstotheface

Insulatingsensitivestructureslikedentalrootsandeyesfromrapidtemperaturefluctuationsinthenasalcavity.

Humidifyingandheatingofinhaledair

第十三頁，共26頁。OlfactoryandrespiratoryregionNasalmucousmembrane:olfactoryregion

respiratoryregion第十四頁，共26頁。Position:attheanteriorpartoftheneck from3~6cervicalvertebrae.Functions:respirationandphonationLarynx第十五頁，共26頁。LarynxlaryngealCartilages:thyroidcartilage(甲狀軟骨)cricoidcartilage（環(huán)狀軟骨）epiglotticcartilage（會厭軟骨）arytenoidcartilage(paired)（杓狀軟骨）第十六頁，共26頁。AnteriorviewposteriorviewThyroidcartilageinf.cornu下角laminaanteriorangle前角Laryngealprominence喉結Laminaeofthyroidcartilage甲狀軟骨板sup.cornu上角sup.thyroidnotch上切跡LaryngealCartilages舌骨大角環(huán)狀軟骨第十七頁，共26頁。AnteriorviewposteriorviewArytenoidcartilagesandcricoidcartilageCricoidarchCricoidlaminaMuscularprocessVocalprocessVocalprocess杓狀軟骨環(huán)狀軟骨LaryngealCartilages第十八頁，共26頁。EpiglotticcartilageAnteriorviewposteriorview會厭軟骨LaryngealCartilages甲狀會厭韌帶第十九頁，共26頁。RolesoflaryngealCartilagesPreventsentryoffoodandliquidsintorespiratorytract Duringswallowing: thelarynxiselevated theepiglottisfoldsbackoverglottisTheframeworkofthelarynx第二十頁，共26頁。5.環(huán)杓關節(jié)1.甲狀舌骨膜2,彈性圓錐3.方形膜4.環(huán)甲關節(jié)聲韌帶前庭韌帶LaryngealArticulation1.thyrohyoidmembrane甲狀舌骨膜:2.conuselasticus彈性圓錐:上緣游離形成聲韌帶3.quadrangularmembrane方形膜:下緣游離成前庭韌帶

4.cricothyroidjoint環(huán)甲關節(jié):甲狀軟骨在冠狀軸作前傾復位5.cricoarytenoidjoints環(huán)杓關節(jié):杓狀軟骨沿垂直軸向內,外側旋轉2,環(huán)甲正中韌帶第二十一頁，共26頁。1.Posteriorcricoarytenoid環(huán)杓后肌

聲門裂開大，聲帶緊張2.Transversearytenoid杓橫肌

3.Obliquearytenoid杓斜肌4.Lateralcricoarytenoid環(huán)杓側肌

縮小/關閉喉口5.Cricothyroid環(huán)甲肌(外群喉肌)1.Posteriorcricoarytenoid環(huán)杓后肌

拉長、緊張聲帶6.Thyroarytenoid甲杓肌

松弛、縮短聲帶Laryngealmuscles123465第二十二頁，共26頁。LaryngealcavityAdituslaryngis(喉口)2folds—vestibularfold(前庭襞)vocalfold(聲襞)2fissures—vestibularfissure(前庭裂)fissureofglottis(聲門裂)3parts—laryngealvestibuleintermediatecavityoflarynxinfragl