北京市第四中學高中英語語法學案it

語法精講——it用法作代詞1、代替指示代詞this，that。What’sthis？It’sapen.Whosehatisthat?It’sMary’s2、表示時間、日期、季節(jié)、天氣、光線明暗、溫度、距離、環(huán)境等。1.Whattimeisit?–It’sfiveo’clock.2.Itrainsalotinsummer.3.Itwassnowingwhentheaccidenthappened.4.It’stwohours’drivetothebeachfrommyhome.3、指代身份不明的人或物；指代有生命但不能或不必區(qū)分性別的人或動物。 1.Who’sthat? It’sme.Openthedoor,please. 2.Therewasaknockatthedoor.“Whoisit?”Mrs.Smithasked. 3.Shehasababy,andshelovesit. 4.Therobbertriedtorunawayfromthepolice,butitisimpossible.作引導(dǎo)詞1、形式主語,代替由不定式,動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。1)代替由不定式表示的真正主語使用Itis+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.，翻譯句子：在公共場所大聲講話是不禮貌的。Itisimportant(necessary,possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult…)forsb.todosth.Itisnice(cruel,kind,rude,wise,stupid,clever,foolish,polite…)ofsb.todosth.2）可代替動名詞表示的真正主語。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.It’snogoodtakinginmuchfatandsugar.It’snofunwatchingthesamemovieforasecondtime.3）代替主語從句It’sapitythatIdidn’tthinkofitearlier.Itisawell-knownfactthatsmokingcancausecancer.Itiswellknowntoallthattheearthisround.注意以下各種固定句型：Itseems(ed)/appears(ed)seemedthat...It(so)happenedthat...Itturns(ed)outthat...Itoccurredtosb.that...Itissaid/reported/believed/hoped/wellknown/suggested...that...作形式賓語1）代替不定式作為形式賓語。

主語+v.+it+賓補+todosth.常用動詞：feel,think,consider,regard,suppose,find,believe,count,declare,guess,imagine,take…forgranted等。1.Weconsideritourdutytosupportgoodleaders.

2.Ithinkitbesttogetalongwellwithpeoplearoundyou.

3.Thenewmethodmakesitpossibletocompletethetaskfaster.2）代替動名詞或動名詞短語成為句子的形式賓語。1.Idonotconsideritworthwhilespendingtoomuchtimeontelephoneconversation.2.Shefoundittroublesomehavingtogothroughallthepagesofthethickbook.3）代替從句1.Didn’tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?2.JoanhadoftenhearditsaidthatMarleyhadnomoney.構(gòu)成強調(diào)句Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分（主語，賓語，狀語）+

that(who/whom)+句子的其余部分。使用強調(diào)句式，根據(jù)提示完成下面的句子：1.（在2003年）Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.2.（在天黑前）herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.3.(在那個村莊)weusedtoliveinthattheaccidenthappened?4.（在哪）theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?5.Itishowyoubehaveindifficultiesthatshowwhatyouarereallylike.It,one,that的區(qū)別one作代詞1.替代由可數(shù)名詞所表示的一類人或事,即泛指中的強調(diào)。Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveone.2)WhocanlendmeaChinese-Englishdictionary?Ihaveone.2.替代特指的同一類人或事物的可數(shù)名詞時,前面必須加上限定詞(如a,the,this,that等)、物主代詞或形容詞加以修飾.Ifyoudon’tlikethisbluecoat,youcanbuyablackone.Idon’twantthebookontheshelf,Iwantthisoneonthedesk.3.one的復(fù)數(shù)形式ones作替代詞時,只可替代同一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,前面必須有限定詞。使用哦one或ones,根據(jù)提示補全句子：1)Mr.Zhanggavethetextbookstothepupils.(除了那些已經(jīng)有了書的)2)Idon’twanttobuythesesmallpears;.（我想要一些大點的）3)Shewantstobuysomenewclothesand..（扔掉了一些舊的）that作代詞替代前面提到的事物,可數(shù)/不可數(shù)皆可。代替可數(shù)名詞可以用theone替換.1)ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.2)Theheadteacherinyourclassisyoungerandmoreactivethanthatintheirs.2、that在并列分句中,可以替代前面某一個名詞或整個句子內(nèi)容,可用it替換.1)Sheheardaterriblenoise,andthatbroughtherheartintohermouth.2)Theysaidtheyhaddiscussedtheproblem,andthatwasimpossible.在定語從句中,可作關(guān)系代詞,代替某個先行詞(人或物)。1)TheladythatcametoourclassisfromAustralia.2)Aclockisamachinethattellspeoplethetime.的復(fù)數(shù)形式為those,只可替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),在句中相當于theones。1)Thenightsthereinsummerareshorterthanthoseinwinter.2)Thestudentswhodobestintheexamarenotalwaysthosewiththebestbrains.另：注意下列句型用there,不用it1.Thereisevidencethat…顯然……2.Thereisnopointdoingsth.3.Thereisnosensedoingsth.4.Thereissomethingwrongwith…5.Thereisnodoubtthat…毋庸置疑6.Thereisnoneedfordoingsth./todosth.7.Thereisnodenying…無可否認……8.Thereisnohurryabout…無需慌張……9.Thereisnodifficultyindoingsth.……方面沒困難。10.Thereisnolackof…有很多的，不缺乏的11.Thereisnopossibility/probabilitythat/of…沒可能12.Thereisnoroomfor…沒有……的余地13.Thereisnosensein………是無意義的14.Thereisnosignof…沒有……跡象15.Thereisnosayingthat…