新視野大學英語1

UnitThreeAGoodHearttoLeanon

I.BackgroundInformation

ManhattanisanislandinNewYorkBayatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Itisoneofthe

fiveboroughsthatcomprisetheCityofNewYork.ItisalsoNewYorkCity'sbusinessandcultural

center.ManhattanisconnectedbybridgesandtunnelstoNewJerseytothewest,andthreeNew

YorkCityboroughs,theBronxtothenortheastandBrooklynandQueenonLongIslandtothe

eastandsouth.

II.Pre-readingactivities

Inthisstory,amandescribesthathefeltashamedwhenwalkingdownthestreetwithhis

crippledfatherwhenhewasyounger.Hedidnotlikethewaypeoplestaredatthetwoofthem.

Hisfather,ontheotherhand,nevershowedthathenoticedother'sreactiontohisdisability.He

wasveryactiveandoftentookpartinactivitieswithhisson.Overtime,thesonlearnedthathis

fatherhadaverygoodheart.Hisfatherhasbeengoneformanyyearsnowandheregretsnot

tellinghimhowmuchheadmiredhim.Heoftenrememberstheexamplehisfatherset.

AnswertoQuestionOne:Becausehisfatherwascrippled.

AnswertoQuestionTwo:hefeltashamedtobewithhisfatherwhenhewasyounger.Nowhe

regretsnottellinghisfatherhowmuchheadmiredhim.

III.Vocabulary

1.lean:vi.

1)beagainstawallorothersurface

他喜歡斜靠在橋欄桿上看著船只經(jīng)過。

Shewasleaningonthebridge,watchingtheboatsgoby.

她斜靠在公園的樹上讀書。

Shewasleaningagainstatreeinthepark,readingabook.

2)bendinacertaindirection

比薩斜塔

theLeaningTowerofPisa

他俯身向前，聽那小女孩說什么。

Heleantforwardtohearwhatthelittlegirlsaid.

leanon:dependon

他們有困難時總尋求我們的幫助。

Theyalwaysleanonuswhentheyareintrouble.

這位部長依靠他的顧問提供信息和建議。

Theministerleanedonhisadvisersforinformationandadvice.

1.Hewasseverelycrippledandveryshort.......

severe:a.verybadorserious

他頭部的傷很嚴重。

Hisheadinjurieswerequitesevere.

莊家歉收造成糧食嚴重短缺。

Thebadharvestledtoseverefoodshortages.

severely:ad.seriously

房子在去年地震中遭到嚴重損害。

Thehousewasseriouslydamagedinanearthquakelastyea匚

17歲那年她在一次車禍中嚴重傷殘。

Shewasseverelydisabledinthecarcrashattheageof17.

cripple:vt.makesomeoneunabletowalkormoveproperlybecauseofdamagetothebackor

legs

acripplingblow:致殘的一擊

那次車禍使他終生殘廢。

Thecarcrashcrippledhimforlife.

n.[C]someonewhoisphysicallydisabled,especiallysomeonewhoisunabletowalk.

我們愛椅子下面裝了輪子，殘疾人能用它們四處移動。

Weputwheelsonthesechairssothatcripplescouldusethemtomovefromoneplaceto

another.

Culturalnotes:whereasatonetimeitmighthavebeenacceptabletocallapersona“cripple”

ifinjuriesordeformitieskepthimfromwalkingproperly,itisnolongerso.Nowadaysweuse

theterms“handicappedperson^^or“disableperson/individuar*insteadof“cripple”.Some

especiallysensitivepeopleprefertheterms“handi-capableperson^^and^specially-able

person”.

2.Iwouldinwardlystruggleattheunwantedattention:Itriedtoovercomemyfeelingof

embarrassmentcausedbythepeoplewatchedus;Ididnotwantthemtowatchus.

3.Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,heneverleton:Henevershowedthathewasawareofit

ortroubled.

leton:makeknown;telisomeonesomething

別泄露有關(guān)會議的任何消息。

Don'tletonanythingaboutthemeeting.

我想他所知道的內(nèi)情比他準備透露的要多。

Ithinkheknowsmoreaboutitthanhe'spreparedtoleton.

4.Itwasdifficulttocoordinateoutsteps--hishalting,mineimpatient:Wehaddifficult

walkingtogetheratthesamespeedbecausehewasslowandunsteadyandIwalkedquickly,

havingnopatiencetowaitforhim.

coordinate:vt.cause(differentparts,bodyparts,etc.)toworktogetherverywell.

那項計劃協(xié)調(diào)得不好，所以失敗了。

Theplanwasnotverywellcoordinated,soitfailed.

我們必須齊心協(xié)力去幫助遭受水災的災民。

Wemustcoordinateoureffortstohelppeopleaffectedbytheflood.

halt:v.stop

政府正采取措施抑制房價上漲。

Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestohalttheriseinhousingprices.

n.[singular]astoporpause

生產(chǎn)因罷工而停頓下來。

Productionwasbroughttoahaltbythestrike.

公共汽車突然停了下來，避免了一場車禍。

Thebuscametoahaltsuddenlytopreventanaccident.

impatient:a.easilyannoyed;notpatient.

對學東西慢的學生，教師不應該沒有耐心。

Ateachershouldnotbeimpatientwithslowlearners.

5.Butaswestartedout,he'llalwayssaid,“yousetthepace,Tiltrytoadjusttoyou.”:Butwhen

webeganourwalk,healwayssaid,4tyousetthespeedofyourwalkandtwilltrytochange

myspeedtokeepup.”

startout:begingoingsomewhere

我們一早出發(fā)，這樣可以在天黑之前到達最高峰。

Westartedoutearlysothatwecouldreachthesummitbeforenightfall.

pace:n.

1)[singular]speedofwalkingorrunning

他悠閑地往前走。

Heproceededataleisurelypace.

年輕人看了一下手表，加快了步伐。

Theyoungmanquickenedhispaceafterglancingathiswatch.

2)[singular]thespeedatwhichsomethinghappens.

許多人抱怨現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏。

Manypeoplewerecomplainingaboutthefastpaceofmodemlife.

公司決定放慢開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的速度。

Thecompanydecidedtoslowdownthepaceofnewproductdevelopment.

vi.walkwithslow,regular,evensteps

他在急診室外踱來踱去等醫(yī)生回來。

Hepacedoutsidetheemergencyroomashewaitedforthedoctortocomeback.

他踱來踱去，思考解決問題的辦法。

Hepacedbackandforthashewasthinkinghowtosolvetheproblem.

6.adjust:becomeormakesuited(tonewconditions);change

我的眼睛還未適應房中的黑暗。

Myeyeshaven,tadjustedtothedarknessintheroomyet.

7.Hewenttoworksick...:Hewenttoworkevenwhenhewasill...

Heretheadjective“sick”indicatesaclause“evenwhenhewassick”.

Examples:

Hewenttobedhungrylastnight.

Thetomatoesshouldbepickedgreen.

8....despitenastyweather:althoughtheweatherwasverybad.

despite:prep.Inspiteof

盡管年齡懸殊，他們還是密友。

Despitethedifferenceintheiragestheywereclosefriends.

盡管雨雪交加，我們還是一大早就走了。

Despitetherainandsnow,wewentatearlydawn.

9.makeit:

1)managetoarriveontime

我想我們會及時到達。

Ithinkwe'lljustmakeit!

想要在超市關(guān)門前趕到那里，我們必須抓緊時間。

We'Hhavetohurryifwewanttomakeittothesupermarketbeforeitcloses.

2)besuccessfulatsomething

想在演藝圈出人頭地，并非易事。

It'shardtomakeittothetopintheshowbusiness.

多年之后，他爬上了公司上層。

Yearslater,hemadeittotheupperlevelsofthecorporateladder.

10.Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrail...

Assoonashegotthere,hewouldholdontothehandrailforsupport...

Oncethere:thesubjectandtheverb"be”canbeomitted.

Once(theyare)inbed,thechildrenusuallygotosleepveryquickly.

Once(itis)damaged,ittakesmanyyearsfortheenvironmenttorecover,

cling:vi.

1)holdsomeoneorsomethingtightly

我緊抓住一顆樹，支撐著我的身體。

Iclungtooneanotherforsupportmyself.

他們互相緊抓對方，相互支持。

Theyclungtooneanotherforsupport.

2)Continuetobelieveordosomething

他抱著一個信念：兒子還活著。

Shestillclingstotheideathathersonisalive.

他們固守著舊的做事方法。

Theyclingtoalltheoldmethodsofdoingthings.

11.freeof:notcontainingsomethingunpleasant

我們需要一個沒有戰(zhàn)爭的世界。

Whatweneedisaworldfreeofwar.

膳食免費供應。

Mealsareprovidedfreeofcharge.

12.subjecthimselftosuchshameandstress:makehimexperiencesuchshameandstress.

Subject:vt.causetoexperiencesomethingunpleasant.

他受到了嚴刑拷打。

Hewassubjectedtoseveretorture.

科學家對這種產(chǎn)品進行了數(shù)次測試。

Thescientistssubjectedtheproducttoanumberofseveretests.

13.complaint:[C,U]awrittenorspokenstatementinwhichsomeonesaystheyarenotsatisfied

withsomething.

如果你有意見，請與客戶服務部聯(lián)系。

Ifyouhaveanycomplaints,pleasecontactourcustomerservicesdepartment

我們的聚會非常吵鬧，為此警方接到好幾起投訴。

Thepolicereceivedseveralcomplaintsaboutthenoisefromourparty.

14.nor:Thereversedorderisusedin"nor”clause.

我從未撒過謊，現(xiàn)在我也不打算破這個理例。

Ihaveneverbeendishonest,nordoIplantostartbeingsonow.

我從未去過巴黎，我妻子也沒去過。

IhaveneverbeentoParis,norhasmywife.

15.unabletoengageinmanyactivities...:Althoughhewasunabletotakepartinmany

activities...

Here“unableto...”isusedtoshowconcession.InEnglish,adjectivesoradjectivephrasesare

oftenused,especiallyatthebeginningofasentence,toshowreason,concession,etc.More

examples:

Gladtoaccept,theboynoddedhisagreement.

Anxiousforaquickdecision,thechairmancalledforavote.

Rathernervous,themanopenedtheletter.

engage:vi.(causeto)takepartinorbeinvolvedinsomething

官員們不應參加商業(yè)活動。

Officialsshouldnotengageinbusinessaffairs.

那位教授日夜從事科學研究。

Theprofessorengageshimselfinresearchdayandnight.

Vt.

1)employsomeonetodoaparticularjob.

我聘用他做些日常工作。

Ihaveengagedhimtodoroutinejob.

公司雇傭她為新的銷售經(jīng)理。

Thecompanyhasengagedherasitsnewsalesmanager.

2)Attractsomeone'sattentionandkeeptheminterested

那款新玩具不能長時間地吸引兒童的注意力。

Thenewtoydidn'tengagethechildforlong.

我喜歡玩吸引我的注意力、使我積極開動腦筋的游戲。

Iliketoplaygamesthatengagemymindandkeepmybrainactive.

16.haveagoodtimejustsittingandwatching

haveagood/hard/difficulttime+v-ing

我費了好大勁才找到你。

Ihadahardtimefindingyou.

她好不容易勸說她接受那份工作。

Shehadadifficultpersuadinghimtoacceptthejob.

17.occasion:[C]atimeatwhichsomethinghappens.

我在辦公樓里幾次遇見她，沒多久就成了好朋友。

Imetheronseveraloccasionsintheofficebuilding,anditwasnotlongbeforewebecame

goodfriends.

你來的那個時候我不在家。

Ontheoccasionofyourvisit,Iwasnotathome.

18.breakout:begintohappen.

如果火災發(fā)生，是不是每個人都知道該怎么辦？

Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafirebreaksout.

他們開始打架時，我正好在房間。

Iwasintheroomwhenthefightbetweenthembrokeout.

19.content:a.satisfiedandhappy

我不滿足于美麗的夢想，我要的是美麗的現(xiàn)實。

Iamnotcontentwithbeautifuldreams:Iwantbeautifulrealities.

身居陋室，整日作畫，他已心滿意足。

He'sperfectlycontenttoliveinasimpleroomandtopaintpicturesallday.

20.aid:vt.givehelporsupport

他被指控為恐怖份子提供幫助。

Hewasaccusedofaidingtheterrorists.

n.[U]help

他們舉行了?場音樂會，籌款來幫助那家經(jīng)費拮據(jù)的醫(yī)院。

Theyheldaconcerttomakemoneyinaidifthepoorhospital.

21.urge:vt.stronglysuggestthatsomeonedoessomething

我勸他休假一年，去歐洲學繪畫。

IurgedhimtotakeayearofftostudydrawinginEurope.

隊長鼓勵自己的隊員更努力一點，去贏得比賽。

Thecaptainurgedhisteamtogreatereffortstowinthegame.

n.[C]astrongwishorneed

我突然有一種沖動，想告訴老板我對他的看法。

IhadasuddenurgetotellthebosswhatIthoughtofhim.

我們應該克制自己對金錢的欲望。

Weshouldcontroloururgeformoney.

22.takeadive:agreetoloseafightorgamedishonestly,especiallyaboxingmatch.

Thisisaslangexpression,oftenusedasametaphor,meaning“pretenddefeat”,asitisusedin

thissentence.Thephrasecomesfromprofessionalboxingwhenboxerispaidinsecretby

gamblerstolose,sothegamblerscanwintheirbet.

23.onleave:awayfromworkorduty

我休假回來會很忙。

WhenIreturnonleave,Iwillbeverybusy.

他盼望休假。

Heislookingforwardtogoingonleave.

24.see(toit)that:makesurethatsomethingisdone

父親確保我的業(yè)余時間不會白白浪費。

Fathersawtoitthatmuchofmysparetimewasnotwasted.

務請注意不要再遲到。

Seethatyouarenotlateagain.

25.Hehasbeengonemanyyearsnow...:Hehasbeendeadformanyyearnow...(Euphemism)

26.reluctant:unwillingandthereforeslowtodosomething

他勉強作了承諾。

Hegaveareluctantpromise.

他們很不愿意幫助別人。

Theywereveryreluctanttohelpothers.

27.worthy:a.(表語或定語)

他是個值得重視的對手，我很高興與他正面交鋒。

He'saworthyopponent,andIamhappytofacehim.

她證明了自己是前任冠軍當之無愧的繼任者。

Sheprovedherselfaworthysuccessortotheformerchampion.

她的行為令人欽佩。

Herexcellentbehaviorisworthyofadmiration.

這是一場值得稱贊的演出。

Thisisaperformanceworthyofpraise.

28.complain:saythatoneisnotsatisfiedwithsomething

他向我抱怨飯菜不好。

Hecomplainedaboutthefoodtome.

他們加班加點工作，從不抱怨。

Theynevercomplainedaboutworkingextratime.

她抱怨沒人去火車站接她。

Shecomplainedthatnoonewenttotherailwaystationtomeether.

When“complain“means“saythatonehasapain,illness,etc.”,thepreposition"oF'isusually

used.

他去找醫(yī)生，說自己呼吸困難。

Hewenttothedoctorcomplainingofdifficultyinbreathing.

29.envious:a.(of)wantingsomethingthatsomeonehaveit.

我十分羨慕你的新工作，真希望自己也能有這份工作。

Iamveryenviousofyournewjob;IwishIcouldhaveit.

嫉妒之人永不會滿足。

Anenviousmanshallneverbehappyforthethingshehas.

IV.TextStructure

Thepassageisafirstpersonnarrative,whichdescribesmyfather'sgoodheart.Thereare

manythingsthatmakeagoodheart,suchashavingtheabilitytodealwithembarrassment,being

hardworking,havingself-discipline,possessingthecouragetosubjectoneselftoshameandstress,

andnotshowinganyenvytowardthemorefortunateorable.Apersonwithagoodheartsetsan

examplethatotherpeoplecanfollow,andagoodheartisaproperstandardtojudgepeople.The

writerusesdifferentwritingtechniques,suchasexemplification,metaphor,andflashback.The

passagealsocontainsthewriter'sowncommentsandreflections.Thepassagecanberoughly

dividedintofourparts.

PartOne(P1-4).Allthefourparagraphsareflashbacksaboutwhatthewritercanrecallofhis

father.P1:thetraitsofagoodheart:theenduranceofembarrassment.P2:hisfathersettinga

standardforhimtoadjusttoandfollow:"yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.,,(metaphor)

P3,4:ahard-working,self-disciplinefather.

PartTwo(5-6).Itisthewriter'scomments:hefeelsamazedatthecourageforhisfatherto

subjecthimselftosuchshameandstresswithoutanycomplaint.

PartThree(7-10).Itisthewriter'sreflectionsonwhata“goodheart^^meansandthenhe

recallsmoreandmorehowhisfatherdisplayedhisgoodheartintheupcomingparagraphs.

PartFour(11-13).Thesethreeparagraphsaremainlythewriter'sowncommentsand

reflections.Hisfatherwasveryproudofhimandlivedthroughhisexperiences.Thenthewriter

contrastshisfather's"goodheart^^withhisown“bad”heart.Headmittedthathisfatherwasa

greatermanthanheis.Thelastparagraphisatouchingending.Thewriterrealizedthathisfather

hadhelpedhimkeephisbalanceinlife,justashehelpedhisfatherkeepbalanceduringtheir

walks.Herethemetaphorappearsonceagaintoshowthatitishisfatherwhosetsaproper

standardforhimtoadjusttoandfollow.

V.Sentencestructure

Exercises6

1.HehadhisearspiercedeventhoughItoldhimnotto.

2.Itwasanexcitinggameeventhoughnogoalswerescored.

Exercise7

1.AfterlearningsomesimpleChinese,theAmericangirlwasableto...

2.Whendoingthewritingexerciseforthiscourse,youshould...

3.Untilfinished,theproblemwasacontinuousworrytome...

4.Whileworkingatthecomputer,theyoungmanwas...

5.Thegrasswillgrowmorequicklyifwateredregularly.

VI.Translation

ChineseintoEnglish

1.Ihavedecidedtoacceptthenewpost,eventhoughthejobisnotverywellpaid.

2.Thejobhasbeentakentobeverysimpleuntil(itis)actuallystarted.

3.NowthatyouarepanningtomovetoCanada,youmusttrytoadjusttocoldweatherinwinter.

4.Hepromisedtohelpustobuythehouse,butwithalittlereluctance.

5.Thisisanimportantmeeting.Pleaseseetoitthatyouarenotlateforit.

6.Heisanexperiencesbusinessmanwhohasengagedinforeigntradeforquiteafewyears.

EnglishinChinese

1.他決心向那個女孩談談自己的計劃，即使他知道她很可能拒絕聽。

2.?離開那條長長的正街，他就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處城里十分貧窮的區(qū)域。

3.聽到那首歌，我不禁悲從中來，想起了那些困苦的日子。

4.每個想過健康生活的人，都必須在工作和娛樂之間尋求適當?shù)钠胶狻?/p>

5.我的第一位老板真讓人討厭，讓每個人日子難過似乎是他的樂趣。我干了沒多久就走人

了。

6.你能確保在本周末之前完成這項工作嗎？倫敦有重要公干，總公司正在考慮派你去。

VILRewritingoftheText

Withsuchdifferentwritingtechniquesasexemplification,metaphor,flashback,etc.,theprose

“AGoodHearttoLeanon“tellsusthatthewriter'sfatherisphysicallycrippled,buthehasa

goodheartandsetsagoodexamplefortheson,whichhelpshimovercomethedifficulties.

Thewriterrecallshisfather'straitsofagoodheart.Forexample,whenhewasgrowingup,he

wasembarrassedtobenoticedthathewalkedwithhiscrippledfatherbuthisfatherneverleton.

Whenwalkingtogether,itwasdifficulttocoordinatebuthisfathersaid,“Yousetthepace,Iwill

trytoadjusttoyou."Howgreathisfatheris!What'smore,hisfatherstucktoself-disciplineand

worksharddespiteallthedifficultiesoftravelingtohisworkplace.Thewriterwasproudofthis.

Thewriterhashisowncommentsonhisfather'sgoodheart.Thewriterfeelsamazedatthe

couragetosubjecthimselftosuchshameandstresswithoutanycomplaint.Besides,henever

talkedabouthimselfasanobjectofpity,nordidheshowanyenvyofthemorefortunateorable.

Whathelookedforinotherswasa“goodheart”.

Thenthewriterhashisownreflectionsonwhata“good