英語英語學習中了解背景文化的必要性本科論文

II.IntroductionEnglishasaninternationalcommonlanguage,inpeople'ssociallifeplaysanimportantrole.Alanguageisasystemofcommunicationusedbythepeopleofaparticularcountryoraregiontalkingorwritingpurposes.Alanguagesystemconsistsofasetofcodesthataresoundsandwrittensymbols.Peopleinonecountryorregionmayspeakalanguagefromthoseinanothercountryorregion.Weoftenhavethedifficultycommunicatingwithpeoplewhospeakadifferentlanguage,whichformsthelanguagebarrier.Thatwhywehavetolearnaforeignlanguagethatisspokenbythepeoplefromanothercountry.Mostlanguageshavebothoralorspoken,andwrittenforms.EnglishisspokenbytheEnglish-speakingpeopleorbytheEnglish-speakingpopulationastheirmothertongue.Whenwesaymothertongue,wereferittothelanguagethatwelearnedfromourparentswhenwewerechildren.Mothertongueisincontrasttoforeignlanguage.Itcanalsobecallednativetongueornativelanguage.DuringthecourseoflearningEnglish,payattentiontothedifferencesinWesternculture,tostrengthenculturalbackgroundisverynecessary,itcanhelplearnersreducethemisunderstandinginWesternculture,maketheirowntoovercomethe"mothertongueinterference",todevelopgoodhabitsofmind,.Thedifferentfeaturesofnationsresultfromthedifferencebetweentheircultureandhistory.Accordingtostatistics，about"culture"atleast，ithasmorethantwohundredkindsofdifferentdefinition.Broadlyspeaking，cultureisasocialphenomenon,whichisthecreationoftheproductsforalongtime.Butitisalsoakindofhistoricalphenomenonandisthesocialhistoryremains.Rather,culturereferstoastateornationalhistory,geography，localconditionsandpeople,custom,traditions,lifestyles，societysystem,literatureand，behaviorstandards,wayofthinking,values.Whenwetranslatesomething，thebackgroundofthecultureandthebackgroundofhistoryshouldbeconsidered.2.LanguageCultureandThoughtLanguage,cultureandthoughtareinter-relatedandinteract,influencingandshapingoneanother,thougheachisanindependentsystem.Therefore,itisnotenoughtostudyalanguagejustasasubjectifathoroughanddeepunderstandingoflanguageiswanted.Ratherthestudyshouldbesetinaframeworkformedbylanguage,cultureandthoughtsoastolearnthecomplicatedrelationbetweenthethreeandnatureoflanguage.2.1DefinitionoflanguageWhatislanguage?Whatarethefeaturesoflanguage?Manyphilosophers,linguistsandhistorianshaveoffereddifferentanswerstothequestionsanddifferentdefinitionsoflanguageinaccordancewiththeiremphasisonthedifferentaspectsoflanguage.Nomatterhowdifferenttheirviewsare,“manylinguistshaveagreedtoaccepttheviewthatlanguageisasystemofsymbolsdesignedforthepurposeofhumancommunication.”“Languageisameansofverbalcommunication,”asissaidbyDaiWeidong.Bothdefinitionsemphasizethemostimportantfactthatlanguageisusedtocommunicatepurposefully,byspeakingorwriting,expressingideasandemotions.Communicationisthefundamentalfunctionoflanguage.Humansocietywouldn’toperatenormallywithoutlanguageasamediumofcommunication.Languageisaverbalsinceitisasystemofvocalsoundstowhichmeaningisattributed.Spokenlanguageispriortowrittenlanguage.Itisasetofsymbolusedforthetransmissionofinformation.2.2TheEnglishLanguageAlanguageisasystemofcommunicationusedbythepeopleofaparticularcountryoraregiontalkingorwritingpurposes.Alanguagesystemconsistsofasetofcodesthataresoundsandwrittensymbols.Peopleinonecountryorregionmayspeakalanguagefromthoseinanothercountryorregion.Weoftenhavethedifficultycommunicatingwithpeoplewhospeakadifferentlanguage.Thisformsthelanguagebarrier.Thatwhywehavetolearnaforeignlanguagethatisspokenbythepeoplefromanothercountry.Mostlanguageshavebothoralorspoken,andwrittenforms.EnglishisspokenbytheEnglish-speakingpeopleorbytheEnglish-speakingpopulationastheirmothertongue.Whenwesaymothertongue,wereferittothelanguagethatwelearnedfromourparentswhenwewerechildren.Mothertongueisincontrasttoforeignlanguage.Itcanalsobecallednativetongueornativelanguage.Advertisingisareflectionofmodernspiritualculture.Asmeasuresofshowingthereality,thelanguageofadvertisingalsoistheconstituentpartofculture.Advertisementsadaptthepublicactivityorpresenttherespondofsociety.Advertisementisatoolofmufti-languageartsthatdeliverinformationandmakelanguageasthecarrier（Chen,2000）.Hence,theadvertisinglanguageshouldbesimpleandeasilytounderstand,fluentlyandclear,atthesametime,therhetoricalmannershouldbepayattention.ChineseandWesternadvertisementusedallkindsofrhetoricaltoreachtheresultofmerchandisepromotion.Consumershavenoawarenesstoaddandknowtheimpressionofgoodsafterobtainingthespiritualenjoy,andthentheyplantobuyit.ThankstothedifferencesofChineseandWesternculture,theformofrepresentationisdiverse.Advertisinglanguagealsomanifestsdifferentculturevaluesandthinkingpattern.ChineseandWesternculturehasdifferentculturalbackground,customs,behaviorandwaysoflife.Therefore,advertiserswillnodoubtconsiderthedemandsofconsumersthroughtheirculturalbackground.HerearesomeexamplesofadvertisementtocompareandanalyzehowtheChineseandWesternnationalcultureinfluencetheiradvertisinglanguage.2.3TheRelationshipbetweenLanguageandCultureAsapartofculture,languageisthecarrierandcontainerofculture.Wehumanuselanguagetodescribeknowledgeandexperiences,analyzeaperson’scustomandbehavioralmodeandcommentsocialsystem,value,beliefs,worldoutlooksandartssuchaspainting,sculpture,dance,musicandetc.Asapartofculture,languageisameansofexpressingculturecustoms,itplaysanimportantroleinculture.Languagecannotseparatefromrelatedculturetobeindependent.Fromanotheraspect,languageisaffectedbycultureandreflectedtheculture.Languageisbasedonthehistoricalandculturefactors.Thenation’swayofthinking,values,concepts,behaviorandhabitswillaffectthedevelopmentoflanguage.Languageandcultureinfluenceeachother,weshouldtrytounderstandlanguageandcultureandtomasterthem.Everynationhasitsowncultureandlanguageislikeamirrorwhichreflectsthewholeculture.Asthecarrierandideaofculture,therepresentationformoflanguageisinfluencedandrestrictedbyculture.Understandtheirabundantculturalbackgroundtomasterthelanguagefeatureseasily.Onlymoreexposuretoforeigncultures,familiarwithdifferentlanguagenationalhistory,wayoflife,valueandnationalpsychology,canhelpwidenlearners’sights,knowmoreabouttheculturalandlanguagedifferences.Culturepromotesthedevelopmentofadvertisinglanguage,thelanguageofadvertisingshowitsculturetosomeextend.ChineseandWesternadvertisinglanguagehasitsownuniqueformoflanguagewhichcontainthebeautifulsceneryoflanguageandculture.Meanwhile,theChineseandWesternsocialandculturalknowledgewhichcontainedinlanguagemakeusexperiencetheinfinitudedelight.ChineseandWesternadvertisinglanguagealsomakeusdeepenourunderstandingofaliencountries,andbringtotheworldofcross-culturalexchanges.Advertisingisareflectionofmodernspiritualculture.Asmeasuresofshowingthereality,thelanguageofadvertisingalsoistheconstituentpartofculture.Advertisementsadaptthepublicactivityorpresenttherespondofsociety.Advertisementisatoolofmulti-languageartsthatdeliverinformationandmakelanguageasthecarrier（Chen,2000）.Therefore,theadvertisinglanguageshouldbesimpleandeasilytounderstand,fluentlyandclear,atthesametime,therhetoricalmannershouldbepayattention.ChineseandWesternadvertisementusedallkindsofrhetoricaltoreachtheresultofmerchandisepromotion.Consumershavenoawarenesstoaddandknowtheimpressionofgoodsafterobtainingthespiritualenjoy,andthentheyplantobuyit.DuetothedifferencesofChineseandWesternculture,therepresentationformisdiverse.Advertisinglanguagealsomanifestsdifferentculturevaluesandthinkingmode.ChineseandWesterncultureexistslargedifferentculturebackground,customs,behaviorconductandwayoflife.Fromtheseaspects,advertiserswillnodoubtconsiderthedemandsofconsumerthroughtheirculturebackground.HerearesomeexamplesofadvertisementtocompareandanalyzehowtheChineseandWesternnationalcultureinfluencetheiradvertisinglanguage.TheChinesenationhasinsiststhattheheavenandhumanunitsastheharmoniousone.Suchas:somethingunexpectedmayhappenanytime,Ihavelifeinsurance(ThePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChina).Theaccidentandinsuranceisaunitandaredispensable.Thatthebusinesslovescustomsisshowedinthisadthatitcomestoanagreementbetweenthem.Atlastthegoaloftheadcomesintotruth.Butinwesternculturetheyinsistthestandpointofpluralistic.Theypayattentiontodiversityandchangesofmaterial,emphasisespeciallyonthechangeanddifferenceofthenature,stressedthatpersonalfreedom,self-developmentandpersonalenterprise.3.CultureinWordClassesTherearethousandsofwordsinbothChineseandEnglish.Butnotallwordshavethesamejob.Somewordsexpressactions,somedescribethings,someareusedtoshowtherelationbetweenwords,phrasesorclauses.Allthesewordsarethe“buildingblocks”ofthelanguage.3.1ChineseandEnglishVocabulariesChineseandEnglishvocabulariesvarygreatlyintheclassificationanduseofwords.Somewordswhichhavethesamemeaningsinbothlanguagesmaybeofdifferentpartsofspeech.Forexample,likeandin/onareprepositionsinEnglishwhile像isanounorverbinChinese,在beinganounaverb,anadverbaswellasapreposition.Besides,thoughverbsmakeupagreatpartofvocabularyinbothlanguages,theyareusedmorefrequentlyinChinesewhileinnouns,preposition,conjunctionsandpronounsaremorecommon.Theabovementioneddiversitiesdonotcomefromnowherebutdeeplyrootedinculturaldifferencesbetweenthesetwopeoples.IntheChineselanguage,theclassificationofwordsgenerallydependsonthenationaldifferencessuchasabstractorconcrete,staticordynamic,etc.whileinEnglishthecriterionismorelikelytobethegrammaticalfunctionoftheword.ThewordclassesinEnglishbearcorrespondingrelationshipwithsentenceconstituents.Thisislargelyresponsibleforthedifferencesofwordclassbetweenthetwolanguagesandforthenecessityinadoptingconversionmethodintranslation.3.2ColorWordsandTheirCulturalBackgroundsOwingtodifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,languagehabits,culturaldetailandtraditionalcustomsandthelike,thereareanumberofdifferencesintheuseofcolorandcolorwordsaswellasinunderstandingandmasteringofthesamecolorbetweenChineseandEnglish.Colorisanobjectiveexistenceofnature.Soinessence,allthenationshavethesamewordsintheword.Andthereareallkindsofwordsintheworldtodescribecolors,whichtakeupagreatplaceinlanguagearea.Everylanguagehasphrasesorsentencesthatcan’tbeunderstoodliterally.Eventhoughyouknowthemeaningsofallthewordsinaphraseandunderstandthegrammarofthephrasecompletely,themeaningofthephrasemaystillbeconfusedtounderstand.Soitisthecaseofcolorterms.Andcultureandlanguagehaveacloserelationship.Inordertocommunicatesmoothly,peopleshouldhaveagoodmasteringofthedifferentculturesandlanguagesaboutdifferentcountries.AndthereexistagreatnumberofcolortermsinbothChineseandEnglish.Tosomeextend,theyexpressthesamemeaninginbothChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries,but,therearealsoaquitenumberofdifferences.Andmostofthesedifferencesarecausedbythetwolanguage-speakingcountries’differentnationalhistories,socialsystems,religiousbeliefs,characteristics,literaturesandarts,customs,values,waysofthinking,waysoflivingandtheirgeographicdifferencesandthelike,thesedissimilaritieswouldcauseinignorance.AndthoughtherearequiteafewcolortermsinbothChineseandEnglish,thereareonlysomecommoncolorthatareoftenused.Soitisnecessarytounderstandthedifferencesofthesecommoncolorwordsandtheirculturalbackgrounds.Redisoneoftheoldestcolorsinthehumansociety,anditmayremindspeopleofbloodatfirstfeeling.Intheprocessoftimelessfightingagainstnature,humangraduallyknewofblood,andcametorealizethatbloodwasthesourceoflife.So,nomatterinEnglish-speakingcountriesorinChina,thecolorredalwayshassomethingtodowithcelebration.Andinallthecountries,thedatesofcelebrationorfestivalsarealwaysprintedredinthecalendar.Chinaisacountrythatistypicallyfondofredandtriedtoavoidblack.Chinesepayspecialattentiontored,whichwasdatedbacktotheirworshiptothesun.Theybelievedthatdressinginredcouldhelpkeepthemawayfromtheevil.Hence,inthecustomofChina,redisthesymbolofprosperity,festivalsafety,andsuccess.Chinesebelievethatredwillbringhappinessandgoodlucktothem.InancientChina,whentherewasawedding,thebridegroomalwayscarriedredribbon,andthebridemustdressinred,andwearredcover.However,Inthewesterncountries,redstandsforsomehappyevents,too.Forexample,onChristmasday,FatherChristmasalwaysdressedinred,wearsaredhat.Oronceremoniousoccasions,thehostalwaysrollsouttheredcarpettoshowhiswelcomestothedistinguishedguests,whichrepresentationthehost’ssincerityandwishes.3.2.1TheSimilaritiesofExpressingRedinEnglishandChineseNotonlyarethesimilaritiesofexpressinghappinessinChinaandthewesterncountries,butalsothereareothersamenessofthemeaningsred,too.Therearesomesimilaritiesinexpressingpeople’smood.English-speakingcountriestempttouse“tobecomeredface”whentheyareembarrassedorwhentheyareshyorfeelshame.Ithasthesamemeaningas“臉紅”inChina.Chinesepeoplealwaysuse“臉紅”torefertoembarrassment.Becauseredisaneyesattractingcolor,itindicatesdangerinboththewestandtheeast,especiallyintrafficaffairs,redisusedasasignalofalarm.SotherearesomephrasesaboutredinthisareainbothChineseandEnglish.Forexample“紅燈”,“紅色預(yù)警”,“紅牌”whichmeans“aredcardthatisgiventothepeoplewhobreakthetrafficrulesasapunishment”andthelikeinChinese.Andredtrafficlights,redalertandetcinEnglish.RedhasacloserelationshipwithrevolutioninChinaandWesterncountries.Thephrase“redcommunist”inEnglishhasthesamemeaningas“紅軍”,“紅色政權(quán)”inChina.BothEnglishandChineselanguagesuseredtoexpresssomethingunsatisfied.Suchas“tobeinred”inEnglishmeans“tobethedebt”,whichhasthesamemeaningas“赤字”，“虧空”,“負債”inChina.Andboth“theredlightdistrict”inEnglishand”inChineseconveythesameconnotation.InChina,“redlightdistrict”isthesymbolofwhorehouseintheancienttimes.And“紅杏出墻”wasusedtorefertothosewomenwhowerenotloyaltotheirhusbands.Soinboththelanguages,redrepresentssomethingthatisnotverygood.3.2.2TheDissimilaritiesofExpressingRedinEnglishandChineseEventhoughEnglishandChinesehavesomesimilaritiesintheexpressingofred,therearealsoalotofdissimilaritiesbetweenthelanguagesofChineseandEnglishintheirconnotationsofred.InChina,redalwaysrepresentssomesatisfiedthingsorevents,especiallyinthewedding.However,inWesterncountries,peoplealwaysavoidwearingredclotheswhentheytakepartinawedding.AsredinEnglish-speakingcountries,hastheconnotationofdevil,itisnotasuitablecolorforawedding,whichiscompletelydifferentfromthatinChina.HenceitismoresuitableandsensiblenottodressinredwhenattendingaweddingpartyinWesterncountries,andChinesemayfeelconfusing.4.TheConceptofTranslationandCultureOnelinguistinChinahassaid:“whatisthemostdifficultthingduringtheprocessoftranslation,itisthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.”Nidahasmentionedthistoo:“translationisthecommunicationbetweentwodifferentcultures.”Andwecan’tignoretheimportanceofthebackgroundofcultureandthebackgroundofhistoryifwewanttotranslateapieceoftextwhichcontainstheinformationaboutcultureorsomethingelse.Whentranslatingsomething，masteringtheknowledgeofcultureandhistoryisindispensable.Therearetoomuchfactorswhichcaninfluencethecultureofthesourcelanguage.ZhuGuangqian,onewriterinmoderntimes,thinkstheassociatemeaningisthemostdifficultthingwhenwetranslateonelanguageintoanotherlanguage.Becauseofinthedictionaryyoucannotfindthetrulymeaningunderacertaincontext.Butforliterarystudy,itisanimportantfactoryoucannotignore.Thisrequiresustoknowthecustomandhabitofthecountrywewanttotranslatethelanguageofit.Orwewillfindwedonotknowhowtotranslatewhenwearegivenapieceoftext.Translationissodifficultaslanguagereflecttheculture,whichconveystomuchculturalcontentandlimitedbyculture.Oncelanguageenteredthehuman’slifeasatoolofcommunication,theproblemofculturalconnotationandtheabilityofexpresssomethingwillarise.Thisnotonlyrequiresthetranslatormastertheknowledgeofbilingualabilitybutmultilingualability,especiallytheymustknowtheconsciousnessoftwodifferentculture，religiouscultureandthegeographicfeatures,thehistoricalcustomsandtraditions,theprocessofformingcultureandetc.Forthesefactors,thelanguageculturesofdifferentnationsreflecttheirownnationalfeaturesandthebackgroundofthenation.Narrowsensetranslationisalinguisticactivity,whichisakindoflanguagetoexpressthecontentofthefaithfullyexpressedinanotherlanguage.Thisdefinitionemphasizes"translationisalanguageactivity".Thenatureoftranslationdeterminesthenarrowsense，whichindicatesthatitisahuman’scommunicativeapproachinlanguagecommunication，whichemphasison"onelanguagetoanotherlanguage"，whichruledoutunificationbetweendifferentvariantsoftranslationbetweenlanguages，whichemphasison"faithfully",avoidingtheconfusionofthetranslationandinterpretationorrewrite.Forexample“SentsomeonetoCoventry”refersto“rejectsomeone”.TheCoventryisasmalltowninUK，wherethepeoplehatesoldiersverymuch，sowhenthesoldierwassentafterCoventry，therewillbepeoplefromthegroup.Lookatthissentence“Iwillbewithyoufromtheeggtoapples”，iftranslatedinto“Iwilleateggsandappleswithyou’’.Itsoundsobviouslypuzzling.Betranslationshould"Iwillalwaysbewithyou"?Thisisbecauseinthewest，peoplealwayseateggs,breadanddrinkmilkforbreakfast，andfinallyadishalwaysendedupwithdessertsincludingapple.Then，fromtheeggtotheapple，fromdawntodusk，fromthebeginninguntilafterthemost.Again，suchas,"fisheryoccupiesanimportantpositionintheBritishIsles，sothattheBritishfish(fish)iscommonlyusedtorepresentallkindsofpeople,poorfish(poor),astrangefish(eccentric)".Ifthetranslationweretranslatedintothebigfish，smallfishandpoorfish,caneverypersoncanreallyunderstandthemeaningofit，sometimesmayevenmakeajoke.Translationisnotonlytoseekotherwordswithsimilarmeaningbutalsotofindpropwaysthatexpressingthingsinanotherlanguage.Differentlanguagemayusedifferentlinguisticforms.Translationisalsothesocialandpsychologicalactivities.Oneshouldfamiliarwithone’sowncultureandknowthesourcelanguageculturebeforetheattemptingtobuildabridgewithanalienculture,whichrequiresthattheinformationbeconveyedinadifferentway.Translationissodifficultaslanguagereflecttheculture,whichconveystomuchculturalcontentandlimitedbyculture.4.1TheApplicationofCulturalBackgroundinTranslationAbouttherelationshipbetweentranslationandculture,Bassnettthinktherelationbetweencultureandtranslationistherelationbetweenthebodyandheart,cultureisthebody，languageistheheart.Assurgeonsdosurgerycan'tignorethebodysurroundingtissue,thetranslatorshouldnotignorethefactorsofculturewhentheytranslatesomematerial.HatmiandMasonbelievethattranslationisadynamiccommunicativeprocess,thetranslatorshouldnotonlyunderstandtwolanguagesthemselves，theyshouldhavetwomoreculturalhorizons，thetranslatorshouldbeactedastheroleofthecoordinator(mediator)betweentheoriginalauthorandthereader.Anyhow,thetranslatorsemphasizetheculturalfactorsoftranslationscholarsstressed.Thetranslatorshouldbefamiliarwithtwocultures,introducetheprimitiveculturalfactorsinthetranslationactivity.Whethertranslators'understandingoftheoriginaliscorrectlyornot，largelydependsonhisunderstandingoftheculture，thesuccessoftranslation,ismainlyrelatedtoculture.Translationisacomplexprocess,especiallywhenwetranslatetheculturaltext.Generallyspeaking,translationmayinvolveslanguageandculture.Ononehand,atranslatorshouldknowsomeforeigncultureaswellasthecultureofhisownpeople.Ontheotherhands,atranslatorshouldmakecontinuouscomparisonsbetweenEnglishandChineseculturesforgettingtheequivalencemeaning.Themajortaskoftranslationistotranslatethesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage.Howtogetridofthelanguagebarrierbetweendifferentculture，howtoconveythemeaningofthesourcelanguageexactlyisthefocusofthepeopleindifferentcountries.Everyoneknows,Bibleplaystheroleofthesourceinwestern’slife.SomestatisticshowsmostAmericansstillhavefaithinthechurch.TheBritishlawprotectsreligiousfreedom.Everyonehasthefreedomtobelieveanychurch,ornottobelieveanyreligionatall.Thereisnointerferencefromthestateorthecommunity.Mostoftheworld’sreligionshavefollowersinBritain,butthemajorityoftheBritishpeoplebelieveChristianity.ThefirstChristianchurchwasestablishedatCanterburyin597.HowevertheChineseareundertheinfluenceofConfucianSchoolingreatextent.ThoughtheBuddhism,whichspreadsverywellinChina,isstillapolytheism.Thisisdifferentfromwesterner’sreligiousfaith.InChina,peoplehavefaithintheBuddhismandTaoism,sotherephrasearises，suchas“YuDi”“FeZhu”andsoon.WhilethewesternershavefaithinChristian，sotherearisestheword“God”.InChinese，“謀事在人，成事在天”，InEnglishtherearetwodifferentversions，(1)“manpropose，heavendisposes”or“manpropose，goddisposes”.Theirdifferenceliesinthedifferenttranslationsoftheword“天”.“天”hasthestrongcolorofBuddhismandTaoism.Whiletheword“God”hastheobliviouscolorofChristian.Thelattertranslationversioniseasytounderstandandacceptforthewesterners,butcannotconveytheessenceofconnotationofitinChina.ThereligionhasgreatinfluenceonEnglish，itexpressesinsuchphrasesas“ItisinGod’shand”(聽天由命)etc.Whentranslation，itisverynecessaryforustomasterthebasicknowledgeofreligion.Wecantaketheexampleof“臨時抱佛腳”.Ifwetranslateditinto“toembraceBuddha’sfeetwhenoneisneed”.Itisveryeccentricforthewesterner.WhyweneedtoembracetheBuddha’sfeetsometimes?Whatistheuseofthisstrangeact?Ifwecandealitalittle,itisanothermeaningforthewesterner.Wecantranslateitinto“toembraceBuddha’sfeetwhenoneisneedseekhelpatthelastmoment”.Sothewesternersalwayssay“God”“Holy”“Goddess”etc.TheChinesechoosetotaketheHeavenasourfaith.Thistrulygivesusanotherexampleofthedifferentreligiousbelief.Threedifferentinfluenceofcustomontranslationinsociallifeandculturalexchange，differentcountrieswillbeformedintheprocessofitspeculiarcustoms.ThedifferencesofEnglishcustomisvarious，suchasintheattitudetothedog，thedoginChineseiscommonlyusedtodescribethebadthings，suchas"evil，acoward，bailiffs，brutalandcoldblooded".TheBritishpeopleusuallyuse“dog”toexpressgoodmeanings.however，theyoftenbeusedtodescribepeople，suchas"luckydog"(lucky)，"topdog"(VIPs)，"loveme，lovemydog"(loveme，lovemydog).Again，suchas，"deadandmarriage"，ifwetranslatetheminto"weddings，funerals，"isinappropriate.Chinesesymbolredfestival，whentheygetmarriedinredcolor，andthefuneraltowearwhite，sotheChineseidiomatic"red"said"marriage"，"white"means"death".Westerners，however，thinkthewhiterepresentspurity，loyalty，bridewearswhite，whenthereisafuneraltheyshouldwearblack.So"funerals"isnotaccurateforpeopleinBritishorAmerican.Andthereisanotherexample，whentalkedaboutdragon.Britishoftentakeitasabadword.Theyoftenreferitas“evil”orsomethingrelated.ButforourChinese，wethinksthatdragonisourancestors.SotheyaretotallydifferentbetweenourChineseandtheEnglish.Religiouscultureisanessentialpartofhumanculture，whichismadeupofethnicculturewhichisformedbythereligiousbeliefs，awareness，etc.FangWenhuathinksdifferentreligionpenetrationandmeltintheirownlanguagetoexpress，onlyadeepunderstandingofmanyofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculture，uniqueculturalconnotationofunderstandinglanguage，toavoidwrongtranslation，mistranslation，makingthetranslationplaytheroleofculturalexchange.Chinesecultureisextensiveandprofound，hasalonghistory，inChina'straditionalculture，owingtothepopularityofTaoismandBuddhism，therearemany“thejadeemperor，theviewsound,bodhisattva”terms.WesternersbelievedinChristthoughtthatgodcreatedeverything,manyreligious“god”thebible,thechurch,nuns,andotherwords.Translation，asanculturalphenomenon，thinkingactivity，relatedtotheeraandsocialbackgroundallinall.Translationistorenderthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthe