2022年山東省萊蕪市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)

2022年山東省萊蕪市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Thearticledealswiththelinkbetween______andthesuggestionstopreventthem.

2.SomeNotesonGender-NeutralLanguage

General

Thepracticeofassigningmasculinegendertoneutraltermscomesfromthefactthateverylanguagereflectstheprejudicesofthesocietyinwhichitevolved,andEnglishevolvedthroughmostofitshistoryinamale-centered,patriarchalsociety.Likeanyotherlanguage,however,Englishisalwayschanging.Oneonlyhastoreadaloudsentencesfromthe19thcenturyhooksassignedforthisclasstosensetheshiftsthathaveoccurredinthelast150years.Whenreaderspickupsomethingtoread,theyexpectdifferentconventionsdependingonthetimeinwhichthematerialwaswritten.Aswritersin1995,weneedtobenotonlyawareoftheconventionsthatourreadersmayexpect,butalsoconsciousoftheresponsesourwordsmayelicit.Inaddition,weneedtoknowhowtheshiftingnatureoflanguagecanmakecertainwordsawkwardormisleading.

"Man"

Manoncewasatrulygenericwordreferringtoallhumans,buthasgraduallynarrowedinmeaningtobecomeawordthatreferstoadultmalehumanbeings.Anglo-Saxonsusedthewordtorefertoallpeople.OneexampleofthisoccurswhenanAnglo-Saxonwriterreferstoaseventh-centuryEnglishprincessas"awonderfulman".ManparalleledtheLatinwordhomo,"amemberofthehumanspecies."notvir,"anadultmaleofthespecies."TheOldEnglishwordforadultmalewaswaepmanandtheoldEnglishwordforadultwomanwaswifman.Inthecourseoftime,wifmanevolvedintotheword"woman.""Man"eventuallyceasedtobeusedtorefertoindividualwomenandreplacedwaepmanasaspecifictermdistinguishinganadultmalefromanadultfemale.Butmancontinuedtobeusedingeneralizationsaboutbothsexes.

Bythe18thcentury,themodern,narrowsenseofmanwasfirmlyestablishedasthepredominantone.WhenEdmundBurke,writingoftheFrenchRevolution,usedmenintheold,inclusiveway,hetookpainstospellouthismeaning:"Suchadeplorablehavocismadeinthemindsofmen(bothsexes)inFrance..."ThomasJeffersondidnotmakethesamedistinctionindeclaringthat"allmenarecreatedequal"and"governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned."Inatimewhenwomen,havingnovote,couldneithergivenorwithholdconsent,Jeffersonhadtobeusingthewordmeninitsprincipalsenseof"males,"anditprobablyneveroccurredtohimthatanyonewouldthinkotherwise.Lookingatmoderndictionariesindicatethatthedefinitionthatlinks"man'withmalesisthepredominantone.Studiesofcollegestudentsandschoolchildrenindicatethatevenwhenthebroaddefinitionsof"msn"and"men"aretaught,theytendtoconjureupimagesofmalepeopleonly.Wewouldneverusethesentence"Agirlgrowsuptobeaman,"becauseweassumethenarrowerdefinitionofthewordman.

ThePronounProblem

ThefirstgrammarsofmodernEnglishwerewritteninthe16thand17thcenturies.TheyweremainlyintendedtohelpboysfromupperclassfamiliesprepareforthestudyofLatin,alanguagemostscholarsconsideredsuperiortoEnglish.ThemaleauthorsoftheseearliestEnglishgrammarswroteformalereadersinanagewhenfewwomenwereliterate.Themasculine-genderpronouns(代詞)didnotreflectabeliefthatmasculinepronounscouldrefertobothsexes.Thegrammarsofthisperiodcontainnoindicationthatmasculinepronounsweresex-inclusivewhenusedingeneralreferences.Insteadthesepronounsreflectedtherealityofmaleculturaldominanceandthemale-centeredworldviewthatresulted.

"He"startedtobeusedasagenericpronounbygrammarianswhoweretryingtochangealong-establishedtraditionofusing"they"asasingularpronoun.In1850anActofParliamentgaveofficialsanction(批準)totherecentlyinventedconceptofthe"generic"he.InthelanguageusedinactsofParliament,the

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Withtoolsmadeof______,theMayanswereabletobuildhightemplesandmadevariousworksofart.

4.

Ineliminatingalotofnoiseintheairport,pilotscanalsohelp,andtheycan______.

5.

Wal-Mart'sfrugalculturefindsfullexpressioninthepoorwagesandhealthcareplansitofferstoaverageemployeesand______.

6.

Moneylaunderingreferstothechangingoflargeamountsofcapital,procuredthroughillegalchannels,into______.

7.

______willbeoneofthepoliticalinitiativestakentotacklethesuicideprobleminAustralia.

8.

WhendopeoplewhoretirestartcollectingSocialSecuritybenefits?

A.Immediatelyaftertheyretire.

B.2monthsaftertheyretire.

C.2yearsafterthenormalretiringage.

D.2yearsbeforetheyretire.

9.

TheemergenceoflocalsharemarketsoutsideLondonwaspromotedby______.

10.

Theverbalgymnastlikesusingcomplexsentencesandmouth-fillingphrasesjustasmakinga______.

11.

IntheUnitedStates,youraddressisanimportantcueto______.

12.JudgingfromDukeUniversity'srecentstudy,evenstudentsrecruitedbytopcollegesseemtohave______before.

13.

Ourabilitytothinkisimprovedwhen______.

A.weobservetheworldmorewisely

B.ourabilitytowriteisimproved

C.whatwespeakbecomesconvincing

D.wewriteonpaperinsteadofoncomputer

14.

WhentheAmericanmodelgoesintoothercountries,peoplealwayswelcomethechanges.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Ifyouwanttohavethesamekindoflivingasaretiree,youmayspend20%lessmonthlythanyoudonowbecause______.

A.olderpeopletendtobemorefrugal

B.expensesinvolvedinworkaresaved

C.publictransportationwillbecheaperthen

D.olderpeoplecandotheirowncleaningthen

16.

OnlyasmallpercentageofAmerica'shighschoolseniorsplantomajorinengineeringatcollege.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Whatcanalifeinsurancedotoachild?

A.Itcanprovideprotectionfortheirhealth.

B.Itoffersmoneyonthefuneralwithoutdelay.

C.Itsupportsthedallylifeofotherfamilymembers.

D.Itcompensatesfortheparents'careforthechild.

18.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Pollution:ALifeandDeathIssue

OneofthemainthemesofPlanetunderPressureisthewaymanyoftheEarth'senvironmentalcrisesreinforceoneanother.Pollutionisanobviousexample—wedonothavetheoptionofgrowingfood,orfindingenoughwater,onasqueaky-cleanplanet,butononeincreasinglytarnishedandtrashedbythewaywehaveuseditsofar.

Cuttingwasteandclearinguppollutioncostmoney.Yettimeandagainitisthequestforwealththatgeneratesmuchofthemessinthefirstplace.LivinginawaythatislessdamagingtotheEarthisnoteasy,butitisvital,becausepollutionispervasiveandoftenlife-threatening.

Air:theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthreemillionpeoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollutionannuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions,and1.6millionindoorsthroughusingsolidfuel.Mostareinpoorcountries.

Water:diseasescarriedinwaterareresponsiblefor80%ofillnessesanddeathsindevelopingcountries,killingachildeveryeightseconds.Eachyear2.1millionpeoplediefromdiarrhoeal(痢疾的)diseasesassociatedwithpoorwater.

Soil:contaminatedlandisaprobleminindustrializedcountries,whereformerfactoriesandpowerstationscanleavewastelikeheavymetalsinthesoil.Itcanalsooccurindevelopingcountries,sometimesusedfordumpingpesticides.Agriculturecanpollutelandwithpesticides,nitrate-richfertilizersandslurryfromlivestock.Andwhenthecontaminationreachesriversitdamageslifethere,andcanevencreatedeadzonesoffthecoast,asintheGulfofMexico.

ChronicProblem

Chemicalsareafrequentpollutant.WhenwethinkofchemicalcontaminationitisoftenimagesofeventslikeBhopalthatcometomind.Buttheproblemiswidespread.Onestudysays7-20%ofcancersareattributabletopoorairandpollutioninhomesandworkplaces.TheWHO,concernedaboutchemicalsthatpersistandbuildupinthebody,especiallyintheyoung,sayswemay"beconductingalarge-scaleexperimentwithchildren'shealth".

Someman-madechemicals,endocrine(內(nèi)分泌)disruptorslikephthalates(酞酸鹽)andnonylphenol—abreakdownproductofspermicides(殺精子劑),cosmeticsanddetergents—areblamedforcausingchangesinthegenitalsofsomeanimals.Affectedspeciesincludepolarbears—sonoteventheArcticisimmune.Andthechemicalsclimbthefoodchain,fromfishtomammals,andtous.

About70,000chemicalsareonthemarket,witharound1,500newonesappearingannually.Atleast30,000arethoughtnevertohavebeencomprehensivelytestedfortheirpossibleriskstopeople.

Atfirstglance,theplasticbucketsstackedinthecomeroftheenvironmentalNGOofficetooklikeanyothers.Butthecontainersareanunlikelyweaponinonepoorcommunity'sfightagainstoilcompanieswhichtheysayareresponsibleforwidespreadill-healthcausedbyyearsofpollution.Thevesselsareusedbyanetworkoflocalvolunteers,knownastheBucketBrigade,togatherairsamplesinneighborhoodsborderingoilrefineries,aspartofacampaigntomonitoranddocumentairpollutionwhichtheybelieveiscomingfromtheplants.

InSouthAfrica,asinmanydevelopingandnewlyindustrializedcountries,legislationonairpollutionhasfailedtokeeppacewithmushroomingindustries.Solocalresidents,likemanyinpoorcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,havefacedtheproblemofinvestigatingtheirclaimthatindustriesontheirdo

A.3millionB.1.6millionC.2.1millionD.3.2million

19.

Inthe18thcentury,ittookalotofphysicallabourtotrimanacreoflawn.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

It'sthemonitoringfunctionthatmakesthehostprocessorfinallysolveadisputeaboutatransaction.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：M:MyparentswillvisitmenextMonday.I'mlookingforanapartmentforthemthesedays.

W:Whynotgototheoverseas-studentshousingofficetochecktheirlistofcurrentlyavailableapartmentsbeforeseeingvariouslandladies?

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemantodo?

(18)

A.Togototheoverseas-students'housingofficeforhelp.

B.TocheckthelistoftheavailableapartmentontheInternet.

C.Toseedifferentlandladiessoastofindasatisfyingapartment.

D.Tocheckoutanapartmentforhisparents.

22.(21)

A.NewYorkCity.B.California.C.Vermont.D.Manhattan.

23.【B7】

24.

【B10】

25.(29)

A.Haveagreatersenseofduty.

B.Cangethigherpay.

C.Canavoidworkinghard.

D.Canavoidbusytraffic.

26.(26)

A.Shewouldliketomarkpapers,too.

B.Shewantstoaskforalightloadtoherprofessor.

C.Shewantsthemantotalktotheworkaholicprofessor.

D.Shewantstoquitschoolandwork.

27.(34)

A.Becausehehadaletterofthanks.

B.Becausehefearedthathemightbekilledffherefused.

C.Becausehegavehimademandnote.

D.Becauseheshowedhimachequepayableatsight.

28.聽力原文：Manylargecitiesareanythingbutbeautiful.Streetsarelitteredwithtrash.Inthistrash,however,thereisstillsomethingthatcanbeuseful.

Ifpeoplewanttosolvetheproblemofwaste,thereisnotimetobelost.Theymustworkoutwaysofmakinguseofgoodthingswhicharejustthrownawayaswaste.

Whenacargetstooold,itmaynotrunanymore.Butthemetalthatthecarwasmadeofisstillgood.Itcanbeputtouseagain.Whenabottleisempty,itgoesoutinthetrash.Butbottleglasscanbegroundintosandandusedtopavestreets.

Garbagefromfoodcanbechangedintofertilizer.Butfirstyouhavetofishoutalltheglassandmetal.

Garbagecanalsobeagoodsourceformakingbuildingblocks,whicharethencoveredwithconcrete.Now,moreandmoremachinesaredesignedforthispurpose.Someday,peoplewillwatchfilmsinamagnificentcinemawhichhasbeenbuiltoutofgarbage.Futurebuildings,roads,andcitiesmaybemadefromgarbage.Butsofar,buildingbeautifulcitiesoutofgarbageisonlyadream.

(33)

A.GarbageCanBeChangedintoFertilizer.

B.OvercomingtheProblemofWaste.

C.MakingBuildingswithGarbage.

D.LargeCitiesAreAnythingbutBeautiful.

29.(36)

A.Hitler.B.DeGaulle.C.Churchill,D.Hindenburg.

30.

【B2】

31.聽力原文：M:DoesitbotheryouifIhavetheballgameon?Icanuseheadphonesifyoulike.

W:Actuallyalittlepeaceandquietwouldbenice.AtleastuntilIfinishthischapter.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(14)

A.She'llgotothegamelater.

B.Noisedisturbsherwhenshe'sreading.

C.Shepreferstouseheadphones.

D.Themanshouldturnofftheradio.

32.(24)

A.Hisneighborsaretoonoisy.

B.Hedoesn'twanttosharearoomwithothers.

C.Hishouseistoofarawayfromtheuniversity.

D.It'snotconvenienttogoshopping.

33.聽力原文：M:Mr.DowseemedtothinkIwasqualified.Ican'tfigureoutwhyIhaven'theardfromhimyet.IthasbeennearlytwoweekssinceIhadthejobinterview.

W:Well,theysaiditwouldbeabouttendays.Listen,ifyou'resoanxioustofindout,whydon'tyoucallthemandaskifthey'vemadeadecisionyet?

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Themanislookingforwork.

B.Thewomanisoutofemployment.

C.Themanthinksheisqualified.

D.Thewomanthinkshehasfailed.

34.(16)

A.Publicmeansoftransportationaremuchfasterandcheaper.

B.Themanthinksgoingbysubwayismuchsaferthanbytaxi.

C.Parkingisbecomingabigproblem.

D.Thewomandoesn'tagreewiththeman.

35.

【B5】

36.(22)

A.Returnhisbookstothelibrary.

B.Takeanap.

C.Studyforatest.

D.Goswimming.

37.聽力原文：Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnewsfromlocalcrimetointernationalpolitics,fromsporttobusinesstofashiontoscience,andtherangeofcommentandspecialfeaturesaswell,fromeditorialpagetofeaturearticlesandinterviewstocriticismofbooks,art,theatreandmusic.Anewspaperisevenmoreremarkableforthewayonereadsit:nevercompletely,neverstraightthrough,butalwaysbyjumpingfromheretothere,inandonglancingatonepiece,readinganotherarticleallthewaythrough,readingjustafewparagraphsofthenext.Agoodmodemnewspaperoffersavarietytoattractmanydifferentreaders,butfarmorethananyonereaderisinterestedin.Whatbringsthisvarietytogetherinoneplaceisitstopicality,itsimmediaterelationtowhatishappeninginyourworldendyourlocalitynow.Butimmediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethantransientvalue.Forallthesereasons,notwopeoplereallyreadthesamepaper:whateachpersondoesistoputtogetheroutofthepagesofthatday'spaper,hisownselectionandsequence,hisownnewspaper.Forallthesereasons,readingnewspapersefficiently,whichmeansgettingwhatyouwantfromthemwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbutwithoutwastingtime,demandsskillendself-awarenessasyoumodifyandapplythetechniquesofreading.

(30)

A.Uniform.style.

B.Widecoverage.

C.Speedinreportingnews.

D.Popularity.

38.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Nomancanchangetheweather.Nobodycancontroltheweather.Butifyoustudycorrectly'thesignsarounduswecantellimportantchangesinweather.Thiswayoftellingwhattheweatherwillbeonthefollowingdayortwoiscalledweatherforecasting.

Formanycenturiesandinallcountries,peoplehavestudiedtheweatherandtriedtomakeweatherforecasting.(26)Sometimesdistantobjectssuchashillsandtalltreesseemtobeveryclearandnear.Thisisasignofmuchwatervaporintheair,andthereforerainwillprobablycome.Ringsroundthesunareasignofcomingrain.(27)Manypeoplefeelpainintheirbones.Thisisasignofthecomingofwetweather.Somebirdsflyhighiffineweatheriscoming.Theyflyneartothegroundifrainorstormyweatherisontheway.Itisprobablybecauseoftheinsectswhichtheyarehuntingthattheyflylow.Ifyouseearainbowduringrainyweather,thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclearandfine.Suchrainbowsalwayscomeintheevening.Ifthestarstwinkleclearlyatnight,thenfineweatherwillcontinue.Ifthesunsetismostlyredincolor,thenthefollowingdab'willbefine.(28)Iftherainbowappearsinthemorning,rainyweatherwillprobablycome.

Mostoftheabovesayingshavebeenmadebypeoplewhohaveusedtheireyesandbrainstomakeweatherforecasting.

(27)

A.Theweatherwillbeclearandfine.

B.Rainwillprobablycome.

C.Therewillbeafog.

D.Fineweatherwillcontinue.

39.(31)

A.Hisgeneralhealthwillbenefitgreatly.

B.Hewillbegintobreathemoreregularly.

C.Hisflexibilitywilldecrease.

D.Hewillloseweightreadily

40.

【B3】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.WelearnfromthepassagethatactuallyemployeesinGoogle______.

A.areequallykindandoptimisticastheirbosses

B.appreciateandfeelencouragedbythebenefitspackage

C.can'tescapetheunpleasantcompetitionforpowerintheoffice

D.arefarawayfromofficecompetitionthankstotheinnovationinmanaging

42.

TheFrenchgeophysicists'studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin______.

A.itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield

B.thewaytheearth'smagneticintensityismeasured

C.itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth'spolarity

D.thewaytheearth'sfluctuationrhythmisdefined

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theattitudeofsometopmanagementusedtobe"Themachinebelongstothecompany;theworkerismadeforthemachine;or,theworkerbelongstothecompanyandexiststosatisfyitsneeds."Entertainingsuchaperspectivetodaywouldborderonlunacy(精神錯亂),althoughmanagerscanbefoundwhoactasthoughtheystillprescribetoit.Thesimplefactisthatnoemployeeworksprimarilytosatisfytheneedsofanyorganization.Helaborsfirstandforemosttomeethisconcernforthewelfareofthefirm.Additionally,theleadersoonlearnstoaccepthispeopleashefindsthemratherthanashewouldlikethemtobe.Evenifheisunhappywiththeirperformance,heknowsthattheonlypossiblestartingpoint,forimprovement,iswheretheyareandastheyareatagiventime.

Fivefactsareattheheartofanymutualperceptionprocess.First,initialimpressionstendtobelastingaswellaserroneous,itisnecessarynotonlythatthemanageleaderperceivehispeopleaccuratelybutthathemakeiteasyforthemtoseehimasheiswithoutshamorflimflam(欺詐).

Second,apersonperceiveswhathelooksforandverylittleelse.Thismeansthatthemanagershouldemphasizethepositiveinsizinguphispeople.Ifheisawareoftheirlimitations,heisalsoconsciousofthefactthathewillnotmakemuchprogresswiththembyfocusingondeficiencies.Fartoomuchtimeiswastedinmostorganizationsonattemptstoeradicate'defects.Itwouldbewisertoconcentrateoncapitalizingonassetsandbuildingstrengths.

Third,needsgovernperceptions.Attheoutsetofanyrelationship,thereisboundtobesomeuncertaintyonbothsides.Ifheisanunframedpicturetohissubordinates,themanagerrealizesthattheyarenotsurejusthowtogoaboutrelatingtohim.Hisresponsibilityistobeauthenticinhisdealingswiththemandopentointeractionwiththem.Authenticityandopennessindealingwithhissubordinateswillhelpthemsatisfytheirneedtoknowwheretheystand,howtheyshouldrelatetohim,whatkindofpersonheis,andhowheintendstomanage.Thentheywillgetatruepictureofhimandhowheoperateswithoutwastingtimesecondguessingandplayinggameswithhim.

Thefourthfactisthatattitudesgovernperceptions.Apositive,supportiveattitudeisreadilysensedbyemployees,who,eveniftheyareschool-dull,aregenerallylife-bright.Finally,perceptionsarereallytransactionsbetweenthepeopleinvolved.Astheleadermustallowhispeopleopportunitiestointeractwithhim,sohemustalsointeractwiththem.Inthisway,bothwillmakethegetting-to-know-youprocessefficientandrapid.

Accordingtothepassage,aworkerprimarilyworksfor______forthewelfareofthefirm.

44.Themeaningoftheword"rejuvenate"inParagraph4iscloseto______.

A.changeB.activateC.predictD.leave

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniform.underanycircumstance.

Uniformsaredemandingtothehumanspiritandtotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsociety.Uniformstelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividualbutonlylivestofunctionasapartofawhole.Theindividualinauniform.losesallself-worth.Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniform.givesapersonasenseofidentificationwithalarger,moreimportantconcept.Whatcouldbemoreimportantthantheindividualhimself?Ifanorganizationissoweak.thatitmustrelyonclothandbuttonstoinspireitsmembers,thatorganizationhasnorighttocontinueitsexistence.Otherssaythatthepracticeofmakingpersonswearuniforms,sayinaschool,eliminatesallenvyandcompetitioninthematterofdress,suchthatapoorpersonwhocannotaffordgood-qualityclothingisnottobebelittledbyawealthypersonwhowearsexpensivequalityclothing;Thosepersonsconvenientlyignoresuchcriticalconceptsasfreedomofchoice,motivation,andindividuality.

Ifallpersonsweretowearthesameclothing,whywouldanyonestrivetobebetter?Itisonlyashortstepfromforcingeveryonetodrivethesamecar,havethesametypeoffoods.Whenthishappens,allincentivetoimproveone'slifeisremoved.Whywouldparentsbothertoworkhardsothattheirchildrencouldhaveabetterlifethantheyhadwhentheyknowthattheirchildrenaregoingtobeforcedtohaveexactlythesamelifethattheyhad?Uniformsalsohurttheeconomy.Rightnow,billionsofdollarsarespentonthefashionindustryyearly.Thousandsofpersonsareemployedindesigning,creatingandmarketingdifferenttypesofclothing.Ifeveryonewereforcedtowearuniforms,artisticpersonnelwouldbeunnecessary.Salespersonswouldbesuperfluous(多余的)aswell;whybothertoselltheonlyitemsthatareavailable.Thewearingofuniformswoulddestroythefashionindustry,whichinturnwouldhavearippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))onsuchindustriesasadvertisingandpromotion.Withoutadvertising,newspapers,magazines,andtelevisionwouldnotbeabletoremaininbusiness.Oneentireinformationandentertainmentindustrywouldcollapse.

Whatistheultimateeffectofwearingauniform.ontheindividual?

46.

Whatdoeshumansocietydependontomakeprogressaccordingtotheauthor?

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

WhenChristopherColumbuslandedonAmerica'sshore,heencounteredcopper-skinnedpeoplewhomhepromptlycalled"Indians".CurrentestimatesindicatethattherewereoveramillionIndiansinhabitingNorthAmericathen.Thereareapproximately800,000Indianstoday,ofwhomabout250,000liveonreservations.

TheearlysettlershadanamicablerelationshipwithIndians,whosharedtheirknowledgeofhunting,fishing,andfarmingwiththeiruninvitedguests.Thestereotypedstealthy,wickedIndianofmodemwesternmovieswascreatedbyindifferent,faithlesswhitemen;theIndianwasbornfriendly.

DisgustdevelopedbetweentheIndiansandthesettlers,whoseencroachmentonIndianlandsprovokedaneraofturbulence.Asearlyas1745,IndiantribesjoinedtogethertodrivetheFrenchofftheirland.TheFrenchandIndianwardidnotenduntil1763.TheIndianshadsucceededindestroyingmanyofthewesternsettlements.TheBritishsuperficiallysubmissivetotheIndians,promisedthatfurthermigrationswestwouldnotextendbeyondaspecifiedboundary.

Evictedfromtheirlandor,worsestill,franklycedingtheirpropertytothewhitesforafewbaubles,Indianswereruthlesslypushedwest.Thebattlein1876atLittleBigHornRiverinMontanainwhichSittingBullandtheSiouxbribesmassacredGeneralCusterscavalry,causedthewhitestointensifytheircampaignagainsttheredmen.ThebattleatWoundedKnee,SouthDakota,in1890putanendtothelastvestigeofhopeforamitybetweenIndiansandwhites.

AlthoughtheBureauofIndianAffairshasoperatedsince1824,presumablyforthepurposeofguardingIndians'interests,Indiansonreservationsleadnotoriouslydeprivedlives.InrecenttimesirateIndianshavetakenamilitantstandandhaveappealedtothecourtsandtheAmericanpeopletoimprovetheirsubstandardlivingconditions.

Inthemodemwhitewesterner'seyes,theIndiansare______.

48.(58)

49.

Whatwillcause"trafficjams"ontheInternetaccordingtoBroadbandcompanies?

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter.

Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganverygradually.Animalsha