預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土路面的發(fā)展與

TheDevelopmentandResearchofThePrepareShouldDintConcreteRoadSummary：Thistexttotheinternationalcommunityintheaspectsofpreparingshoulddintroadaworkfordoingproceededthereviewandoutlook.Mainbelowafewaspectsproceedstoexpatiate:Prepareattherequestofthedevelopmentofthedintconcreteroad,itsmeritandshortcoming,prepareshoulddintconcreteroadtype,material,thedesignmethod,roadbedcontrols,expensesanditsfutureandfurtherresearchwork.Keywords：Prepareshoulddintconcreteroad；designmethod；development；research1.BriefIntroductionThoughprepareshouldtheprincipleofthedintdrivebroadlyappliedinhouse,bridge...etc.constructionrealm,butintheapplicationontheroadverylimited.Knowtoall,themaincharacteristicoftheconcreteisananti-topressthestrengthfarlargerthananti-pullsthestrength.Prepareshouldthedintconcreteroadistomakesuseofthischaracteristicwell,inadvancetheinflictionpressinworkingtocutshoulddint,theanti-thattoincreaseitbendtopullthestrength,increasingtheacceptancecarrytheability.Prepareshouldthedintconcreteroadincreasestocutthecurvedstrengthinactualanti-of.Generalthicknessis10～15cm.Ifagainthinwillmakethefront-panelproducethebiganenduringfor,toroadfront-panelisalldisadvantageouswiththestabilityofthefoundation,moreover,alsoenlargedtheconstructiondifficulty.Prepareshouldthedintmakeconcreteroadfront-panellongandcanenlargeconsumedly,takinggenerally90～120m,theabroadalsoreaches150～300mlong.2.DevelopmentprocessPrepareshouldthedintconcreteroadisakindofspecialcementconcreteroadthat20centuries40'sempressperioddevelop.UsedinFranceattheearlieststage,usedfortheroadroadorairportatopwithotherEuropeannationsuccessivelyinEnglandafterwards.TheUnitedStates,JapanwaitthenationtoalsoallfixedtosetupwiththeformerSovietUnioncertainthequantitypreparesshoulddintconcreteroadwithairport.AccordingtocarryintheworldanabridgeforpreparingshoulddintconcreteroadappearingintheFrenchLuzancyleadsthewaythetop.ButtherunwayofOrlythatriseintheworldsetsupdidnotmakeprepareuntil1947shoulddintconcreteroadcompleteestablishment.Atthattime,thatrunwayforthesakeofsatisfymodernflyingofdemandbutestablishof.Thealllongatrianglefor,fromtakinghorizontalsteelwirewithsetfront-panelconstitutes.In1953,insamelocation,adoptedtheopeningstypejackonthecontinuousrectangleplankwiththehorizontalsteelwire,otherengineeringsuchas:UsedtheinclineddirectionsteelwireatLuzancyandEsbly,butadoptedtheopeningstypejackonlongtheBourg-Servasroadsegmentofthe295.2mswiththeof"consecutiontype"plank.(namelyhavenotheinflationsew,continuousconcreteplank)Amongthem,anexperimentstheroadisaplanksidethininplankinside,otherisallaverageroughlyathicketc.cuts.FranceisinadditiontousingintheontheroadofBourg-Servasthebeginningofthe5.18MPastarttoprepareshoulddint,preparinglengthwaystotheplankaninflictionshouldthedintisallwithothernationonthequantityclasssamealike.TheFranceengineerdonotapprovethehorizontalinflictionpreparesshoulddint.EnglandjuststartspreparingfromtheroadofCrawleyofthe1950shouldthedintconcreteroadisinvestigative.Thatroadpreparesforthesakeoftheinquisitionprimarilyshoulddintconcreteisintheroadusageindevelopmentscircumstance,designingthefactortothesomewithstartconstructioninthatontheroadthemethod(adoptedtheFreysinnettypesteelwiretohavewithanchorman,asteelwireforgrowingbecamearhombuspatterninacenter)proceededtheresearch.Fixapronofairfield,theroadofEssex,theroadofPortTaLbot,Catwickapronofairfieldetc.thatsetuptheairportofLondonafterwardandagainandsuccessively.PrepareBritishlyshoulddintconcreteroadfront-panelgreatmajorityareallinflationthat"alonetype"of,thenhavethesteelwirewithboxofftosew.Becausetheythink,the"alonetype"plankisgoodfriendswithin"consecutiontype".InEngland,useanetc.slabbroadly,thetriangleplankthatdividedbytouseontheairportofLondonisanoutside.Biggestathatitonceuseisplankthatanetc.slab,butapieceofadoptionopeningstypejackisthickfor10cms.ItisBritishtopreparinglengthwaysshouldthedintisgeneralfor:1.575MPas(highway),3.15MPas(airport),1.925MPas;(inclinedtietosteelwire)Itishorizontaltopreparingshouldthedintisgenerallessthan0.35MPas,inadditiontotriangleplank.AtalittlebitGermanrelevantprepareshouldearlierperiodinknotholeindintanalysistheworkwantstocomparetheothernationearly,butitstheoriesapplicationislimitedbybridgefront-panel,floorplanketc.,notroadfront-panel.JuststarttoconstructtoprepareintheMergelstettenin1953shoulddintroad,constructedafewroadsafterwardandagain.ThePatuxentRiverNavaeAirStationofthepreparedattheearlieststageshoulddintisbuildfromBureauofYardsandDocksin1953ssetupin1954inTheUnitedStates,thisisbeginningthatalongaroadfor,thick17.5cms,lengthwaysthesteelstartedtoprepareshoulddintabout4.9MPas.Fixedthemanyexperimentingtheroadafterwardandagain,theamongthemnearerisfamousNewYorkinternationalairporttoascendin1980setsupofprepareshoulddintconcretecover,thisistheUnitedStatestowillpreparefortheveryfirsttimeshouldthedintconcreteusedforthecompanyusestheairport.AlsoallfixinginHolland,Switzerlandmanypreparingshoulddinta,amongthemnearersetupintheSchipolsuchasHolland.(1980～1987)3.PrepareshouldthemeritandshortcomingofthedintconcreteroadMan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類5c要m溫外。它曾科使用的最泊大截面嗽是翁25c經(jīng)m擾等厚板，際而一塊采膜用開口式撤千斤頂?shù)男桨鍏s昌為熱10c憶m峰厚。找英國(guó)的縱衣向預(yù)應(yīng)力妨一般為遮：抗1.57摸5MPa毀(活公奧路增)秤，旦3.15四MPa摔(搜機(jī)苦場(chǎng)門)悄，吳1.92鋸5MPa參(遺斜向鋼絲隔束督)包；橫向預(yù)尼應(yīng)力一般棍少繁于宗0.35模MP時(shí)a孔，除三角蕉形板外。錘在德國(guó)一匆些有關(guān)預(yù)證應(yīng)力板的拼早期分析輸工作要比史其他國(guó)家嘩早，但其鞏理論應(yīng)用吉只限于橋朋面板、樓抖板等，而屆不是路面朵板。撈在珍195揀3中年才開始穩(wěn)在醫(yī)Merg胖elst文ette蘋n味修筑預(yù)應(yīng)般力路面，優(yōu)其后又修虧筑了幾條廉道路。冠美國(guó)最早祥著名褲的怪Patu恐xent涂Riv消erN玉avae傅A(chǔ)ir毯Sta仙tio孟n遮預(yù)應(yīng)力道澆面是磨由寫B(tài)ure京auo追fYa蠻rds超and既Dock放s輛于侍195惕3鴿～擺195特4往年建的，俯這是一條腥長(zhǎng)泉150脹m模、梨寬請(qǐng)3.6霧m符、極厚業(yè)17.5炎c托m猜的路面，守縱向鋼索枕的初始預(yù)憂應(yīng)力大約切為緣4.9M浙P省a婚。其后又轟修了許多壺試驗(yàn)路，橫其中較近甚的就體是蘋198圈0協(xié)年聞名的稍紐約餡國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)心上所建的州預(yù)應(yīng)力混祖凝土罩魔面參(240移m膛長(zhǎng)爸，胳45壺m朱寬編，爐2償0蠢～悟22.5瓦c只m鑼厚的跑染道核)被，這是美耗國(guó)首次將舟預(yù)應(yīng)力混愈凝土用于裹商用機(jī)場(chǎng)立道面。壁在荷蘭、閉瑞士也都教修了許多維預(yù)應(yīng)力道拆面，其中猛較近的如吩荷蘭高在埋Schi苦po鋼l糊建惱的雞(198爆0仆～白198夾7枯年東)耕。測(cè)叮預(yù)應(yīng)力混沸凝土路面稼的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)少許多研究煉工作表明析預(yù)應(yīng)力混吃凝土路面好有以下幾踩方面的責(zé)優(yōu)點(diǎn)黑：懶(1葉)仔路面板厚疏度只需傳炎統(tǒng)混凝土衛(wèi)路面板厚怎的骨40頂%執(zhí)～簡(jiǎn)60%艙。洋提供很高漆的承載力尸和較高的禿抗變形能兇力，對(duì)減慘小級(jí)機(jī)場(chǎng)道面子的厚度非擺常有利。持(2買)件預(yù)應(yīng)力混最凝土路面央由于板較聯(lián)長(zhǎng)茅。憑接縫數(shù)量諸可大大減蚊少，改善晝了行車的巖平穩(wěn)性。腔(3攏)嬸預(yù)應(yīng)力的沒存在使路東面板體性易較強(qiáng)，邊拳角軟弱部深分得以改婆善正。掀減少了橫促向開裂的組可能性，怒提高了路星面的耐久榮性。碌(4掀)掉預(yù)應(yīng)力混耐凝土路面斷的用筋量搏少。研究還指出，用顆于正常預(yù)劇應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)嘆所需的鋼哨筋量約殘為秒2.71烏25km挪/m里2局，這遠(yuǎn)少喇于連續(xù)配慢筋路面。旗其主要缺夕點(diǎn)在于：潑(1善)仗從經(jīng)濟(jì)觀激點(diǎn)來看，單減燥小墨了路面板墓的厚度籍。早但需大量橡的預(yù)應(yīng)力子主筋透，施工工依藝較復(fù)雜類，手工操農(nóng)作的工作符量大，難束以實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)范械化、自五動(dòng)化施工華。福初期投資校較大?；?2卡)條雖然預(yù)應(yīng)聯(lián)力混凝土箏路面板可對(duì)以做得較扮長(zhǎng)，但隨軌長(zhǎng)度的增腹加，由路具基約束所躲引起的張妨拉應(yīng)力也腹隨之增大啊。飽另外，板解的位移量謹(jǐn)也會(huì)增大痰，這對(duì)橫胖向接縫的早設(shè)計(jì)要求么很嚴(yán)。營(yíng)(3船)圓對(duì)施工隊(duì)添伍人員素累質(zhì)要求高沃。群需進(jìn)行質(zhì)認(rèn)量控制。強(qiáng)預(yù)應(yīng)力混尤凝土路面牽類型斷據(jù)現(xiàn)有資您料，寫施工方法雄大致可分幻為兩大類唯：船“裁單獨(dú)百型層”稀的路面棗和脾“鑼連續(xù)帆型香”屠的路面。漆“嫩單獨(dú)嘴型德”啞路面就是牢配置一定析數(shù)量的預(yù)辮應(yīng)力鋼筋廢。慮由間隔較仍長(zhǎng)的凍伸縮孤縫相隔的墻路面板組諒成。按施沃加預(yù)應(yīng)力價(jià)的先后次米序又可分抖為先張法還和后張法影兩種，這虛與房屋、宿橋梁上的箏做法相同巡，一般多樣采用后張歇法。環(huán)“規(guī)連續(xù)萌型菠”最路面就是錢無筋路面殊。（廣因無膨脹榮縫而得名神）儀，這種路探面可以做券得很長(zhǎng)，姜按照施加徹預(yù)應(yīng)力的籍方法可分斤為千斤頂射加力和自琴加應(yīng)力。剩千斤頂加窗力是一般盯在兩個(gè)固奴定的錨固框端間澆筑沫混凝土，餡并留有空蛇隙放置加農(nóng)力千斤頂鄉(xiāng)，待混凝駐土硬化達(dá)譯到規(guī)定強(qiáng)禁度后，用砌千斤頂從么兩端加力遞，達(dá)到規(guī)乒定壓力時(shí)暈，將兩端競(jìng)空隙封閉尋。自應(yīng)力輩路面不用下千斤頂加車力，而是禽選用膨脹嗓水泥，混儲(chǔ)凝土硬化澡