《英美文學(xué)》復(fù)習(xí)資料大綱

《英美文學(xué)》（03119）復(fù)習(xí)大綱第一部分英國(guó)文學(xué)課程簡(jiǎn)介本課程簡(jiǎn)要介紹英國(guó)各個(gè)歷史斷代的主要文學(xué)文化思潮,文學(xué)流派,主要作家;本課程要求學(xué)生掌握英國(guó)文學(xué)史上各個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)的文學(xué)流派以及該時(shí)期一至兩位重要作家的文學(xué)生涯,創(chuàng)作思想,藝術(shù)特色及代表作品；并要求學(xué)生做到在掌握有關(guān)知識(shí)理論的基礎(chǔ)上使之轉(zhuǎn)換這能力，即能用有關(guān)知識(shí)和理論來分析英國(guó)文學(xué)中的相關(guān)問題。課程重點(diǎn)章節(jié)簡(jiǎn)介：第一章:古代與中世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)<<貝爾武夫>>喬叟及其代表作第二章:文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期文藝復(fù)興的定義薩士比亞的戲劇及十四行詩(shī)培根的代表作第三章:十七世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)1.彌爾頓的代表作＜＜失樂園＞＞、詩(shī)劇＜＜力士參孫＞＞的主要內(nèi)容及＜＜失樂園＞＞選短章:啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期新古典主義傷感主義笛福及代表作蒲伯及代表作第五章:浪漫主義時(shí)期浪漫主義時(shí)期文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)彭斯的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)及代表作華茲華斯的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)及代表作拜倫詩(shī)歌的特點(diǎn)及代表作第六章:維多利亞時(shí)期維多利亞時(shí)期的文學(xué)特點(diǎn)布朗蒂姐妹的代表作第七章:現(xiàn)代時(shí)期現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)湯姆斯.哈代創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)及代表作D.H.勞倫斯創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)及代表作三、本課程重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介第一章:古代與中世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)：4.4.《魯濱遜漂流記》中魯濱遜的人物分析1．＜＜貝爾武夫＞＞簡(jiǎn)介及在英國(guó)文學(xué)史上的意義。2．喬叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》對(duì)英國(guó)文學(xué)做出的貢獻(xiàn)。3．名詞解釋“騎士抒情詩(shī)”第二章:文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期：文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的時(shí)間界定“文藝復(fù)興”的名詞解釋“人文主義”的名詞解釋莎士比亞的“Sonnet18”的主題哈姆雷特的性格分析英語解釋《論學(xué)習(xí)》中的句子第三章:十七世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)：英語解釋彌爾頓《失樂園》選段中的句子《失樂園》的主要內(nèi)容和意義《失樂園》中撒旦的人物分析章:啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期：?jiǎn)⒚蛇\(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期的界定新古典主義的基本主張和特色傷感主義的名詞解釋3.3.勞倫斯小說的主題及人物分析蒲伯的《論批評(píng)》的主題英文解釋《論批評(píng)》第五章:浪漫主義時(shí)期：浪漫主義時(shí)期的界定及文學(xué)特點(diǎn)彭斯的詩(shī)歌的特點(diǎn)及其詩(shī)作“紅玫瑰”華茲華斯和科勒律治合作的《抒情歌謠集》的重要意義華茲華斯的詩(shī)歌特點(diǎn)英文解釋華茲華斯“我如行云獨(dú)自游”中的句子拜倫“致希臘”的主題并用英語解釋其中句子雪萊“西風(fēng)頌”的主題并用英語解釋其中句子第六章:維多利亞時(shí)期維多利亞時(shí)期的文學(xué)特點(diǎn)艾米莉。布朗特的《呼嘯山莊》的主題夏洛特。布朗特的《簡(jiǎn)。愛》中簡(jiǎn)。愛的人物分析第七章:現(xiàn)代時(shí)期現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)哈代的代表作及寫作特點(diǎn)四、課程內(nèi)容疏理及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域、應(yīng)用講解方法I.OldandMedievalPeriod.TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod（5thcentury-1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEnglish）Beowulf：ItisthefirstlongpoeminEnglish,whichisconsideredthenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.AlthoughBeowulfisanationalepicoftheEnglishpeople,butitisastoryoftheScandinavians.TheAnglo-NormanPeriod1）Themostprevailing（主要的）ofliteratureinthefeudalEnglandisRomance（騎士抒情詩(shī)）.名詞解釋：Romance RomanceisaliteratureforminmiddleEnglishliteraturemeansalongcompositioninverseorproseformdealingwiththelifeandadventuresofanoblehero,generallyaknight（騎士）.Theknightsareunfailinglydevotedtothekingandthechurch.Theyarecommonlydescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,involvinginalargeamountoffightingsfortheirlordsandalwaysencounteringromanticloveaffairs.Inromances,loyaltytokingandlordisrepeatedlyemphasized.Romanceasaformofliterature,istheupperclassliterature.GeoffreyChaucer-"thefatherofEnglishpoetryand“thefatherofEnglishfiction"Hismasterpiece-CanterburyTaleisregardedasoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.論述題：BrieflyintroducethesignificanceofChaucerinhisCanterburyTale.HiscontributiontoEnglishliteraturecanbeseenintwoaspects:Realism:Allkindsofpeopleexceptthehighest(kingandthetopnobility)andthelowest(theverypoorlaboringpeople)arerepresentedbythese30pilgrims.Besidesbeingthetypicalrepresentativeofherorhisownclass,eachcharacterhasherorhisownindividualqualities.ThereforeitgivesatruepictureofChaucer’stime.Humanism:Hehighlypraisesman’senergy,quickwitandloveoflife,thusherevealshisideasofhumanism.HiscontributiontoEnglishlanguage:EversinceNormanConquest,FrenchandLatinwerethelanguagesusedbytheupperclasses.ChaucerchosetousetheLondondialectofhisdayinhismasterpiece.Indoingso,hedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthestandardfortheModernEnglishspeech.II、TheRenaissancePeriod(14thtomid-17th)名詞解釋：1、Renaissance:Theword“Renaissance”meansrevival,especiallybetweenthe14thandmid-17thcentury,revivalofinterestinancientGreekandRomanculture.Renaissance,therefore,inessence,wasahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersmadeattemptstogetrideofconservatism(保守主義)infeudalistEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,tolifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanchurchauthorities.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.2.Humanism:HumanismisboththekeynoteoftheRenaussanceandtheintellectualliberrationmovement,associatewithnewattitudetoancientGreekandLatinliteraure.Thehumaniststookinterestinhumanlifeandhumanactivitiesandgaveexpressiontotheneeewfeelingofadmirationforhumanbeauty,humanachievement.3.ShakespeareHisplayscanbedividedintofourtypes:historicalplays,comedies,tragediesandromantictragi-comedies.Shakespeare’sfourgreatesttragediesareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth1).Hamlet,例題：論述題：WhatarethemainthemesinShakespeare’stragedies,andanalysisthecharacter-Hamlet.(What’sthethemeofHamlet?AnalyzetheimageofHamlet.)Histagediesoftenportraysomenobleherowhofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadiffultsituationwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewhloenation.Theheroeshavesomeweaknessesintheircharacters,whichfinallyleadtotheirtragicfalls.ShakespearputsforwardtheimageofHamletasahumanistoftheRenaissance.Hehasanunboundedlovefortheworld,natureandman;helovesgood,hatesevil,andisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions,heshowsacontemptforrankandwealth;heisamanofgenius,highlyaccomplishedandeducated;heisascholar,soldier,andstatesman.HisimagereflectstheversatilityofthemanoftheRenaissance.Hisweaknessishismelancholy,butinspiteofhismelancholyanddelayinaction,Ham;etstillretainshisactiveenergy.Hislearning,wisdom,noblenature,limitationandtragedyareallrepresentativeofthehumanistsattheturnofthe16thand17thcenturies.2)Sonnet18ItisoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare,thepoetholdsthatthepoetrywillbringeternitytotheoneheloves.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallyshort,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoety.3)Sonnet29Inthispoem,thepoemfirstcomplainsofhisownmiseriesanddissatisfactioninlifeandthenbecomeshappyuponthethoughtoftheoneheloves.記住這兩首詩(shī)及注釋。例題：.“Forthysweetloverememb’redsuchwealthbrings,ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.”Identifythepoemandthepoet.Whatdoestheword“state”mean?Whatisthepoemabout?Answer:Snonnet29byShakespeareThroneInthispoem,thepoemfirstcomplainsofhisownmiseriesanddissatisfactioninlifeandthenbecomeshappyuponthethoughtoftheoneheloves..FrancisBacon(1561-1626)isregarded“FatherofEnglishEssays”.Helaysthefoundationformodernsciencewithhisinsistenceonscientificwayofthinkingandfreshobservationratherthanasabasisforobtainingknowledge.Hisworks:AdvancementofLearning，ThegreatInstauration,NewAtlantics,Essays(論說文集)Ofthe58essaysinEssays,“OfStudy”isthebetterknownandwidelyread.Inthisessay,Bacontriestodiscusstheuseandabuseofstudies,theproperandimproperwaystopursueone’sstudies,andalsotheeffectofthedifferentkindsofstudiesuponhumancharacter.記熟此文的名句及注釋例題：“somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;”.Whatdoes“curiously”mean?Whatdoes“deputy”referto?.Fromwhichessaydoestheabovesentensecome,whatistheeasymainlyabout?Answer:.carefully,attentively.personappointedtoactforanother.ThisessayisfromBacon’s“ofstudies”.Inthisessay,Bacontriestodiscusstheuseandabuseofstudies,theproperandimproperwaystopursueone’sstudies,andalsotheeffectofthedifferentkindsofstudiesuponhumancharacter.III.TheSeventeenthCenturyIJohnMiltonHismajorliteraryworks:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes,allofwhicharebasedonthebiblicallegend.記熟ParadiseLost選段及注釋例題￡23abriefcommentonJohnMilton’sParadiseLostandanaylzeSatan,theherointhispoem.Answer:Thepoetpointsoutatthebeginningofthepoemthatthepurposeoftheepicisto“asserteternalProvidenceandjustifythewaysofGodtoman.”However,themainideaofthepoemshownbytheimageofSatan,isarevoltagainstthetyranny’sauthority.ThedefiantspiritofSatansimplyshowstheproudandsombrepoliticalpassionsofthepersecutedrevolutionariesafterRestoration.Intheimageofthefirsttwohumanbeings,AdamandEve,Miltonshowshisbeliefinthepowerofman,andthelovebetweenAdamandEvevoicesMilton’sownenthusiasmforhumanisticelements.Thoughthepurposeofthispoemis,inMilton’swords,to“justifythewaysofGodtoman”,yetasSatantriestojustifyhimselfbyposingasarebelagainsttyrnny,Miltonapparentlyunconsciouslymakesthedevilservesashisownmouthpiece.InthispartSatantellshisfollowersnevertosubmit,buttofightforthebrightfuture.ThefieryutteranceofSatantohisfollowersexposesSatanasarevolutionarywhoisagainstdepressionandtyrannyandlongingforfreedom,andshowsMilton’sintensehatredoftyrannyinthecapacityofabourgeoisrevolutionary.ToMilton,theproudandsobreSatonrepresentedtherebelliousspiritagainstunjustauthority.IV.TheAgeofEnlightenment名詞解釋：EnlightenmentItprevailedthewhole18thcentury.Itsaimwastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.Theenlightenersputgreatemphasisonreason,equlityandscience.Theyinsistedthatreasonshouldbetheonlyandthefinalcauseofanyhumanthoughtsandactivities.Theycallfororder,reasonandrules.Moreover,theycherisheduniversaleducationasanimportantmeansofenlighteninghumanbeings.Theybelievedthathumanbeingsweerelimited,imperfect,andyetcapableofreasonandperfectionthrougheducation.2．Sentimentalism: Therewerethewritersandpoetsin18thcenturywhostroveforsomethingnaturalandspontaneousinthoughtandlanguage.Intheirliteraturecreation,emotionsandsentimentsbegantoplayaleadingpartagain.Aninterestinnatureaswellasnaturalrelationsbetweenmanandmanwasawakenintheirliteraturecreation.3．簡(jiǎn)答題WhatarethecharacteristicsofNeoclassicism?Answer:書上P103。4．DanielDefoeHeisregardedbymanyasthefirsttruenovelist,andhisRobinsonCrusoehasaclaimtobethefirstEnglishnovel.TheanalysisofRobinson:RobinsonrepresentstheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlierstageofitsdevelopment.Heismostpracticalandexact,alwaysreligiousandatthesametimemindfulofhisownprofit.Hestruggleshardagainstnatureandmakesherbendtohiswill.IndescribingRobinson’slifeontheisland,Defoeglorifieshumanlabour.LaboursavesRobinsonfromdespairandisasourceofprideandhappiness.Hetoilsforthesakeofsubsistence,andthefruitsofhislabourarehisown.Hiseveryvoyageisconnectedwithsomecommercialenterprise,eg:helaboursforhisownexistence,butassoonasanativemakeshisappearance,Robinsonassumestheroleofamaster.Hereliescolonialismingerm.5．AlexanderPope.“EssayonCriticism”isdidacticpoem.Itdeploresthedepthoftruetasteamongthecriticsofhistime,andtellsthepoetsandcriticshowtowriteandappreciatepoetryaccordingtotheprinciplessetupbytheoldGreekandRomanwriters:gotonature,followtheancientcritics.Theexcerptinourtextbookistakenfromthesecondpartofthelongpoem“EssayonCriticism”.Itdemonstratesthedangerof“alittlelearning”andoftheself-conceitednessofsomepeopleinlearningandemphasizestheimportanceoflearningintensivelyandextensively.記熟該詩(shī)及注釋。例題：thoseattain'd,wetrembletosurveyThegrowinglaboursofthelengthen’dway,Th’increasingprospecttiresourwand’ringeyes,Hillspeepo’erhills,andAlpsonAlps.Identifythepoemandthepoet..Whatdoes“survey”mean?.Whatdoestheselinesimply?Answer:1)AlexanderPope’s.“EssayonCriticism”2).find2)Itdemonstratesthedangerof“alittlelearning”andoftheself-conceitednessofsomepeopleinlearningandemphasizestheimportanceoflearningintensivelyandextensively.V.TheRomanticPeriod(這一章是重點(diǎn)章節(jié)，注意所選詩(shī)歌的注釋及主題)1.GeneralfeaturesofRomanticism這一部分可能出論述題或簡(jiǎn)答題(論述題要答約200個(gè)字，簡(jiǎn)答題50-80個(gè)字)參見書上P171-174。例題：HowisRomanticismdifferentfromtheNeoclassicism?Answer:先論述Romanticism的特點(diǎn)P171-174，然后論述Neoclassicism特點(diǎn)P103-105。RobertBurns記熟“Redredrose”例題(詩(shī)歌這種形式出這樣的題比較多)：“Tilla’theseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwi’thesun!AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandso’lifeshallrun.”Identifythepoemandthepoet.Interpretthemeaningofthisstanza.Fromthecharacteristicsofthisstanza,wecandeducewhichperioditbelongsto.Answer:Burns’ “ARed,RedRose”Thethemeofitispermanentlove,whichitselfisdeep,genuineandnaturalRomanticism2)Wordsworth:therepresentativepoetofpassiveromanticism,PoetLaureate(桂冠詩(shī)人)ofEngland..Thepublicationofthe“LyricalBallads”markedthebreakwiththeconventionalpoeticaltraditionofthe18thcentury,andthebeginningoftheRomanticrevivalinEngland.Wordsworth,ColeridgeandRobertSoutheyhaveoftenbeenmentionedasthe“Lakepoets”.記熟“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”及注釋、、主題“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isregardedasthemostanthologizedpoeminEnglishliterature,andonethattakesustothecoreofWordsworth’spoeticbelifs.3)Byron:Hecreated“ByronicHero”inhisworks.(2)“TheIslesofGreece”Inthispoem,thepoetdescribesGreecewithdeeppassion.Helamentsherfallenstateandspeaksofherforeman’sgloryandpower,herbravemenandheroicdeeds.WithstrongpassionhetriestoarousetheGreekpeople’spatrioticfeelingssothattheymightriseagainsttheTurkishinvasion.記熟“TheIslesofGreece”及注釋4)Shelley“OdetotheWestWind”isoneofthemostprizedofShelley’sshorterlyrics.Inthispoem,Shellyeulogizesthepowerfulwestwindandexpresseshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Themainthemeofthepoemishiscallforpoliticalandsocialreform.記熟“OdetotheWestWind”及注釋5)ThemajornovelistsoftheEnglishRomanticPeriodareJaneAustenandWalterScott.VI.TheVictorianPeriod(這一章著重于小說，注意小說的主題是什么，主角是誰，主角的人物分析).Characteristicsofthisage:anageofproseSincethewidespreadofeducation,thenumberofreadershasincreasedanditistheageofnewspapers,magazines,andmodernnovels.Newspapers,magazinesareabouttheworld’sdailylife,andnovelsarethemostpleasantformofliteratureentertainment,aswellasthemostsuccessfulmethodofpresentingmodernproblemsandmodernideals.anageemphasizedthemoralpurposeTheproseseemstodepartfromthepurelyartisticstandardofartforart’ssakeandtobeactuatedbyadefinitemoralpurpose,andthenovelseemstosweepawayerrorandtorevealtheunderlyingtruthofhumanlife.SoVictorianAgeisemphaticallyanageofrealismratherthanofromance,whichstrivestotellthewholetruth,showingmoralandphysicaldiseasesastheyare,andholdinguphealthandhopeasthenormalconditionsofhumanity.anageofdoubtandpessimismBecausethescientificdiscoveryandespeciallytheEvolutiongivepeopleanewconceptionofmanandoftheuniverse,itiscustomarytospeakofthisageasanageofdoubtandpessimism..CharlesDickens:HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.ThethemeofhisnovelsHehasaseriousintentiontoexposeandcriticizeallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Inhiswork,heattemptstocallpeople’sattentiontotheexistingsocialproblemandthusbringaboutsomereformoramelioration.P293OliverTwist:Inthisnoval,Dickensgivesatruthfulpresentationofthesufferanceofthepoor,andmakesacompleteexposureoftheterribleconditionsintheEnglishworkhouseofthetimeandthebrutalityandcorruptionoftheoppressorsunderthemaskofphilanthropy.1)TheBrontesCharlottewroteTheProfessorandJaneEyre,AnnewroteAgnesGrey.,andEmilywroteWutheringHeights.TheanalysisofEyre:EyreherselfisCharlotte,little,long-suffering,shy,repressed,asmoulderingvolcanoofpassionbeneath.Thisheroinrepresentthemiddle-classworkingwomanwhoarestrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing,moreover,Janemaintainsthatwomanshouldhaveequalrightswithwoman.Thenovelseverelycriticizedthelimitedoptionsopentoeducatedbutimpoverishedwomen,andtheideathatwomen"oughttoconfinethemselvestomakingpuddingsandknittingstockings,toplayingonthepianoandembroideringbags."Jane'spassionatedesireforawiderlife,herneedtobeloved,andherrebelliousquestioningofconventions,alsoreflectedCharlotte'sowndreams.Janeisan"UglyDuckling",whofulfillsalltheteenageromanticdreamsofpassionthatbreaksallobstacles.VII．The20thCenturyLiterature1.Themajorchangesinattitudeandtechniqueinthemodernnovel:1)ThepublicvaluesoftheVictoriannovelgavewaytomorepersonallyconceivednotionsofvalue,dependentonthenovelistownintuitionsandsensibilitiesratherthanonpublicagreement.2）Timewasnolongeraseriesofchronologicalmomentstobepresentedbycontinuousflowintheconsciousnessoftheindividual,witharetrospectmergingintoanticipation.3）“Stream-of-consciousness”becameaimportantnewtechniqueoftheEnglishnovel.4）ThethemeofmodernnovelsThethemeofmodernfictionisthepossibilityoflove,theestablishmentofaemotionalcommunicationinacommunityofprivateconsciousness.2．ThomasHardyLivingattheturnofthecentury,Hardyisoftenregardedasatransitionalwriter.Inhimweseetheinfluencefromboththepastandthemodern.Assomepeopleputit,heisintellectuallyadvancedandemotionallytradition.NovelsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zUndertheGreenwood丁作令＜＜綠林蔭下＞＞） 1872FarfromtheMaddingCrowd遠(yuǎn)離塵囂＞＞） 1874TheReturnoftheNative（＜＜還鄉(xiāng)＞＞） 1878TheMayorofCasterbridge（＜＜卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng)＞＞） 1886TessoftheDUrbervilles（＜＜德伯家的苔絲＞＞）18911895JudetheObscure(<<無名的裘德>>)18951.D.H.Lawrence.MainWorksSonsandLoversRainbowWomeninLoveLadyChatterlay’sLoverSonsandLoversSonsandLovers(anautobiographicalnovel)例題：MakeananalyseofthethemeofD.H.Lawrence'swork,andananalyseofPaul,theheroof“SonsandLovers”.ThethemeofHardy’snovels:Hebelievesthatlifeimpulseistheprimacyofman’sinstinct,andthatanyconsciousrepressionofsuchanimpulsewillcausedistortionorperversionoftheindividual’spersonality.Inhisnovels,hetracesthepsychologicaldevelopmentofhischaractersandcriticizesthedehumanizingeffectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.Heclaimsinhisnovelthatthealienationofthehumanrelationshipsandtheperversionofhumannatureinthemodernsocietywerecausedbythewholecapitalistmechanicalcivilization,whichturnedmenintoinhumanmachines.AnanalyseofPaulPaulisalwaysunderthestronginfluenceofhismotherinaffections,aspirationandmentalhabits,andseeshisfatherwithhismother’seyes.Hedependsheavilyonhismother’slovewhichhelptomakesenseoftheworldaroundhim.Inordertobecomesanindependentmanandatrueartisthehastomakehisowndecisionsabouthislifeandwork,andhastostruggletobecomefreefromhismother’sinfluence.However,heisincapableofescapingtheoverpoweringemotionalbondimposedbyhismother’slove,sohefailstoachieveafulfillingrelationshipwithgirls.Finally,Pauldeterminedtofacetheunknownfuture.第二部分美國(guó)文學(xué)一、課程簡(jiǎn)介：《美國(guó)文學(xué)》是英語專業(yè)在高年級(jí)開設(shè)的一門課程，包括美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與作家，作品介紹。史的部分在課程中做了簡(jiǎn)要的概述，作家作品部分有：作家的詳細(xì)介紹；作品的內(nèi)容提要；重點(diǎn)文選；注釋。在教學(xué)中以講授作品，作家介紹為主。本課程的目的在與要學(xué)生掌握美國(guó)文學(xué)的基本主流，主要的文學(xué)流派，文學(xué)作品，以及各時(shí)期的代表人物及作品。二、課程重點(diǎn)章節(jié)簡(jiǎn)介：第一章：TheLiteratureofColonialAmericaCaptainJohnSmithbecamethefirstAmericanwriter.ThewritersoftheSouthernandMiddleColonieswhofollowedJohnSmithmadetheirgreatestcontributiontoAmerican.第二章：TheLiteratureofReasonandRevolutionBenjaminFranklinThomasJefferson第三章：TheLiteratureofRomanticismWashingtonIrvingJamesFenimoreCooperEdgarAllanPoeRalphWaldoEmersonHenrydavidThoreauNathanielHauthorneHermanMelville第四章：TheLiteratureofRealism第四章WaltWhitmanEmilyDickinsonMarkTwainO.HenryTheodoreDreiser第五章：Twentieth-CenturyLiteratureEzraPoundRobertFrostThomasStearnsEliotScottFetzgeraldErnestHemingwayWilliamFaukner三、本課程重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介第一章：TheLiteratureofColonialAmerica重點(diǎn)：1.了解美國(guó)第一個(gè)作家的名字及作品名。.了解NewEnglandLiterature的概念.了解putitanthought的實(shí)質(zhì)第二章：TheLiteratureofReasonandRevolution1．了解本時(shí)期的歷史背景，以及作家BenjaminFranklin,ThomasJefferson的主要作品，以及他們?cè)诿绹?guó)文學(xué)史上的地位及貢獻(xiàn)。第三章：TheLiteratureofRomanticism了解Romanticism的概念對(duì)WashingtonIrving,JamesFenimoreCooper,EdgarAllanPoe,ralphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,NathanielHawthorne,andHermanMelville這幾位對(duì)美國(guó)文學(xué)做出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)的作家，一定要對(duì)其姓名，作品，以及相關(guān)的文學(xué)評(píng)論有所了解。：TheLiteratureofRealism.要重點(diǎn)熟悉女詩(shī)人EmilyDickinson（了解其生平事跡，其詩(shī)歌特色，在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上的地位，以及她的代表作品）.小說家要重點(diǎn)了解MarkTwain及其作品和作品分析。第五章：Twentieth-CenturyLiterature本部分要掌握的內(nèi)容較多。.要重點(diǎn)掌握的詩(shī)人包括：EzraPound（包括他的詩(shī)歌特色，他的詩(shī)歌理論，他與意象派詩(shī)歌的關(guān)系，他對(duì)現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌的影響）。RobertFros（t包括他的詩(shī)歌分析，他的詩(shī)歌的含義以及風(fēng)格）。ThomasStearnsEliot（當(dāng)代最偉大的詩(shī)人，他的詩(shī)歌理念，他的代表作品，以及為什么他在文壇上有如此高的地位等等）.要了解的概念有“垮掉的一代”.要掌握的作家有：ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemingway,WilliamFaulkner對(duì)于這些現(xiàn)代派作家，大家要了解透徹。四、本課程內(nèi)容疏理及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)用方法講解第一章TheLiteratureofColonialAmericaHistoricalIntroductionAtthebeginningoftheseventeenthcentury,thevastcontinentalareathatwastobecometheUnitdStateshadbeenprobedonlyslightlybyEnglishandEuropeanecplorers.TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,Italians,andPortuguese.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNortheAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,Virginiain1607.TheFirstAmericanWriterCaptainJohnSmithbecamethefirstAmercianWriter.Works:1.“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”PuritanThoughtsPuritanthoughtincludes:Puritanswantedtomakepuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.ThePuritanswishedtorestoresimpkicitytochurchservicesandtheauthorityoftheBibletotheology.PutritansincludedpeoplefromethehumblesttotheloftiestranksofEnglishsociety.theywerethuszealousindefenseoftheirownbeliefsbutoftenintolerantofthebeliefsofothers.Pututans’livesweredisciplinedandhard.PutitanreligiousteachingtendedtoemphasizetheimageofwrathfulGodandtoforgetHismercy.第二章TheLiteratureofReasonAndRevolutionHistoricalInroductionBythemid-eighteenthcenturycolonialAmericawasnolongeragroupofscattered,strugglingsettlements.Itwasaseriesofneighboring,flourishingcolonieswithrapidlyexpanding,mixedpopulations.Thegrowth,particularlytheindustrialgroowth,ledtointensestrainwithEngland.Intheseventiesofthe18thcenturytheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericaroseinarmsagainsttheirnothercountry.TheWarforIndependencelastfor8years.thespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringthatperiodwastoagreatdegreemouldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)FranklinistheonlygoodAmericanauthorbeforetheRevolutionaryWar.Hisbestwritingiffoundinhis“Autobiography”.Works: “TheAutobiography”ThomaJefferson(1743-1826)Works:TheDeclarationofIndependenceChapterIIITheLiteratureofRomanticismHistoricalIntroductionTheattitudesofamerica’swriterswereshapedbytheirNewWorldenvironmentandanarrayofideasinheritedfromtheramantictraditionsofEurope.AnewromanticismhadappearedinEnglandinthelastyearsofthewighteenthcentury.ItspreadtocontinentalEuropeandthencametoamericaearlyinthenineteenthcentury.Romanticvalueswereprominentinamericanplitics,art,andphilosophyuntiltheCivilWar.TranscendentalismNationalismAmerica,fromtheearly1800stotheCivilWar,waslalandofparadoxes,alandstirredbyspiritualdreamsandshapedbytherealitiesofagrowingmaterialism.Theagehadrejectedtheruinedpromiseandstalewisdomitsawineighteenth-centuryrationalismamericanshadsoughtnewlibertiesandnewideasinlifeandart,buttheexcessesandconflictsoftheirsocietyhadculminatedinabloodyCivilWar.WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)Hewasthefirstgreatbelletrist,writingalwaysforpleasure.Inhis“SketchBook”appearedthefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvnileliterature.Hewasamongthefirstofthemodernstowritegoodhistoryandbiographyaslitearyentertainment.Works:“AHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus”,“AChronicleoftheConquestofGrandada”,“VoyagesandDiscoveriesoftheCompanionsofColumbus”.JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851)ThefirstimportantAmericannovelistbeganhisliterarycareeronadare.Cooperlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories:theseaadventuretale,andthefrontiersaga.Works:“ThePilot”,“LeatherstockingTales”“TheDeerslayer”,“TheLastoftheMohicans”,“ThePathfinder”.EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)熟悉其詩(shī)歌作品RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)1.RalphWaldoEmersonwasresponsibleforbringingTranscendentalismtoNewEngland,andhewasrecongnizedthroughtouthislifeastheleaderofthemovement.Emersonbelievedaboveallinindividualism,independenceofmind,andself-reliance.Headmiredcourageandhewasnotafraidofchangingorclashingideas.Works:“Nature”,“TheamericanScholar”,“TheDivinitySchoolAddress”HermanMelville(1819-1891)“MobyDick”:TheStory:(教材p219)Chapter4TheLiteratureofRealismWaltWhitman熟悉其詩(shī)歌作品，并能分析EemilyDickinsonEmilyDickinsonwroteherwhimsical,daringversewithsublimeindifferencetoanynotionofbeingadococraticorpopuloarpoet.Emily’sgreatedtoutpouringofpoemsoccurredintheearly1860s.herpoemsareshort,manyofthembeingbasedonasinglemageorsymbol.Butwithinthemshewritesaboutsomethemostomportantthingsinlife.Shewortesaboutloveandalover,whomshewitherneverrallyfoundorelsegaveup.Shewritesaboutnature.Shewritesaboutmortalityandimmortality.Shewortesaboutsuccess,whichshethoughtsheneverachieved,andaboutfailure,whichsheconsideredherconstantcompanion.Herpoetyisreadtodaythroughoutmuchoftheworldandyetitsexactwordinghasnotbeencompletelydermined,norhaveitsarrangementandpunctuation.SinceEmilyneverpreparedherpoemsforpublication,oneofthebetterestbattlesinAmericanliteraryhistoryhasbeenfoughtoverwhoshouldpublishandeditwhatshewrote.However,regardlessofdetailsorconflicts,thereisnodoubtthatthesolitaryMissDicknsonofAmherst,Massachusetts,isaWriterofgreatpowerandbeauty.熟悉其詩(shī)歌作品，并能分析。MarkTwain了解其主要作品“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”的故事梗概。了解其主要作品的名稱。O．Henry(1862-1910)了解其主要作品的名稱，了解"TheCopandtheAnthem”的主要內(nèi)容HenryJames了解其主要作品的名稱。JackLondon了解其主要作品的名稱。TheodoreDreiser了解其主要作品的名稱。ChapterTwentieth-CenturyLiteratureHistorical

InroductionIn1900theAmericanarts