2012年考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshave eanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandTheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialdecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asThejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingas1.[D]2.[D]3.[D]4.[D]5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.[A]byall[C]ina[D]asaPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Comeon–Everybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositivethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafeamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueoftheofmanypubic-healthnsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardnaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandThere’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialastimulustogroupanobstacletoschoolacauseofundesirableRosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesstayawayfromcommercialrecognizethelimitationsofadequayprobesocialandbiologicaleffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffectParagraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksofwillmisleadbehavioraloccurswithoutourrealizingcanproducenegativehealthTheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureAdealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.The ,amajorenergyrinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,the hasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerntrunning.It’sastunningmove. hasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowernt,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,the agreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionofthent’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,the wentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthe misleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.Nowthe issuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint. seemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearntisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thehasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthe ’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningByenteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedseekfavorfromthefederalacquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicensegetpermissiontopurchaseapowerAccordingtoParagraph4,EntergyseemstohaveproblemswithmanagerialtechnicalbusinessIntheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewillEntergy’scapacitytofulfillallitsthematureofstates’patchworkthefederalauthorityovernuclearissuesthelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphtheauthorityoftheNRCwillbeIntheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionConsequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,now esthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingOnceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryand panyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinctionand betweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scredibleTwoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedas pleteorincorrect.Littlerewardpaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandlingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.SometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandIntheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyuncertaintyandmisconceptionandlogicalityandessandItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocess[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.Paragraph3showsthatadiscovery escredibleafterhasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralhasbeenexaminedbythescientifichasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.AlbertSzent-Gy?rgyiwouldmostlikelyagreescientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleoftheNoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.[B]CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery.[C]EvolutionofCredibilityin ngScience.[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools, OAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupshealthInmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keethepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodAsthecosttoeveryoneelsehas eclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicanernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandtheoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphTeamstersstillhavealargebodyofJimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilunionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership. ernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraphPublic-sectorunionsareprudentintakingEducationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionLaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that einthestatesector[D]fairlyadjusted.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.[D]aredominantinthe JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneofPartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeronewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourinthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentortwotowonderatthosemarvels.Youaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andceofpraiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwith(42)Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyareng.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmakenests.Yetforthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,liture,religionandphilosophy.(43)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.(44)evisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardesttaskthatevisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.Ofcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimawhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.Applicationslike ,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,wordsandothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whose ewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.ThechallengethecomputermountstoevisionthusbearslittlesimilaritytooneformatbeingrecedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordyersbeingrecedbyCDyers.Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-evision-evisionisdefinedbyThenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework.(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.Itis inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhedimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredformsofualselection,perhapstheworld’slanguages,music,socialandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversalfeatures.(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrrsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinlanguage.bornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesauniversalgrr.Afewgenerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly.(49)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachtouniversalityidentifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraintsGrayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfourfamilytreesthatbetweenthemrepresentmorethan2,000languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrrshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit.WhereasGreenbergianuniversalitypredictsstrongco-dependenciesbetweenparticulartypesofword-orderrelations.Neitherofthesepatternsisborneoutbytheysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesarelireage-specificandnoternedbyuniversalsSectionIIIWritingPartA51.Someinternationalsstudentsarecomingtoyouruniversity.Writetheman inthenameoftheStudents’Uniontoextend eprovidesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifeYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10points)PartB52.Directions:writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawing initsintendedmeaning,giveyourSectionⅠUseof2012年的完型填空是有關(guān)司和政治關(guān)系的一篇文章，出自NewYorkTimes,June30th2011的“EthicsPoliticsandtheLaw”一文。選材回歸了2000年完型曾出過(guò)的法律類的背景知識(shí)，比較關(guān)注或者對(duì)這一塊兒有所了解的同學(xué)，會(huì)相應(yīng)得心應(yīng)手一些。另外，和以往一樣，第一句話不設(shè)空，幫助理解全文探討的話題：高等司題1B。maintain.此空有賴于對(duì)后文的理解。這直接體現(xiàn)了我們作完型的整體思路，也自己的性，因此全文的導(dǎo)向和邏輯就非常清晰了。同時(shí)，題2答案(when)也順勢(shì)而出：題2A。這里的when其實(shí)表示條件關(guān)系，即“如果……。選擇正的名聲。BD兩項(xiàng)，Deliminated過(guò)于絕題4D.accepted兩個(gè)參與的例子說(shuō)明他們的行為使得的裁決不偏不倚而被認(rèn)可變得不太可能。A選項(xiàng)challenged和C項(xiàng)ed意義相反，和主旨，即肯定了參與政治行為。B項(xiàng)compromised“調(diào)?！焙蜔o(wú)關(guān)。分析問(wèn)題的原因：“這種情況有一部分是由于們不受道德準(zhǔn)則的約束。”其他三項(xiàng)6B。完型填空在歷史上對(duì)于subject這個(gè)詞一向情有獨(dú)鐘。04年，05年，08年以及10年選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)，只有05年落選。而且這3年考查的意思都一致，即“易……”，考查形式有“issubjectedto”，“issubjectto”以及“subjectsb.tosth。(使得容易)”。今年依行為準(zhǔn)則辦事”AresistantCimmunesubject這三個(gè)詞在04年的題7選D.applied。上下文語(yǔ)義題。選項(xiàng)所在的句子是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的“codeofconduct”，即“應(yīng)該讓自己服從于那些也同樣應(yīng)用于其他的行為準(zhǔn)則”。A項(xiàng)resortto：訴諸于，求助于Bsticksto:堅(jiān)持;這兩項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)都不能是“code”，屬搭配不當(dāng)。C項(xiàng)leadto，導(dǎo)致。意義不符，直接排除。題8選B.raise。上下文語(yǔ)義+固定搭配?！皉aisethequestionof”提出了……的問(wèn)題。這一 提出了問(wèn)題：究竟和政治之間是否還存在界限?！毖韵? 解決”，不符合上下文邏輯。C項(xiàng)“否決”和后面的“questionwhether…”構(gòu)不成搭配。9Aline。上下文語(yǔ)義+固定搭配?！癮linebetween…”：“在…存在或劃清界限”。題10選B.as。介詞用法。envision…as…把……預(yù)想成為…題13Ccultivate.上下文語(yǔ)義題。“有了這種地位做保障，也就不需要再去花心思培養(yǎng)題14Dtied。上下文語(yǔ)義題?！胺ㄖ葡到y(tǒng)旨在將政治與法律相分隔，因?yàn)樗鼈儽舜寺?lián)題15選A.concepts。詞義辨析題?！發(fā)iberty”和“property”theories理論)divisions分支)。Dconception常指具體的或個(gè)人的理念而非籠統(tǒng)意義題16選C.shapes?？疾槭煸~僻義?！癝hapean”，作出計(jì)劃。本詞所在的句子為省略了that的定語(yǔ)從句。“當(dāng)處理社會(huì)政策決議的問(wèn)題時(shí)，它們制定出來(lái)的法律將不可避免題17選A.dismissed?？疾槭煸~僻義。Dismiss在這里意為“考慮，遭拒”?！斑@就解題18選C.address。依然考查熟詞僻義。最后一段提出建議。希望們必須處理人們06年的完型中最后一段“addresstheneedsofthehomeless”.“beaccountableto…”不是“可解釋的”，而是指“有義務(wù)，對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)”?！癰eagreeableto”是“愉快的;同意的”;雖然也有“適合的，符合品位的”tocode，不合邏輯。“agreeabletoeverybody:適合于所有人”A“beaccessibleto…,可接近…，能得到的”和B項(xiàng)“amiable”和藹可親的，與無(wú)關(guān)。題20.Dasaresult?？疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系詞。AbyallmeansBatallcosts用法一致，切含義相近，首先排除。Cinaword是“總之”，總結(jié)全文下結(jié)論時(shí)用，而且多用在句首。這里and連接詞前面的內(nèi)容是“讓和政治分離開(kāi)來(lái)”，后面的內(nèi)容是“更能服人”，顯Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialcurenogood-drinking,drugsandcasual。題干中的often對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的usually;選項(xiàng)中undesirablebehaviors對(duì)應(yīng)nogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.lead與cause。同義替換，難度不大。Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesrecruitprofessionaladvertisers招募職業(yè)的stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers遠(yuǎn)離商業(yè)解析：答案為B。細(xì)節(jié)題，首先根據(jù)題干中的publicadvocates和should定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressurepublic-healthadvocatesoughttoadvertiser或者advertisement有關(guān)，從takeapagefromadvertisers，但是很多同學(xué)都不知道它是什么意思，但是這 yprobesocialandbiologicalfactorsillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding么樣)也就是問(wèn)他的不足，通過(guò)book對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第二句的斜體為書(shū)名，對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的book,指出不足;后面一句中的主語(yǔ)JointheClub為此人所寫(xiě)，所以后面的表述就是他的觀點(diǎn)：notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：exploration對(duì)probe，同義替換，notenoughexploration也和failstoadequay對(duì)應(yīng)。這個(gè)題難度也不大，能明確定位，找到對(duì)應(yīng)的句子，答案中的probe可能是引起考試不敢選擇A答案的關(guān)鍵，在09BB選項(xiàng)中除了prior這個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)外，其他的剛好的文中定位處的同義替換，而很多同學(xué)都達(dá)成這樣一個(gè)共識(shí)：和文章中某句話相似度很高的選項(xiàng)不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A與第四段第Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksoffriendswillmisleadbehavioralstudiesoccurswithoutourrealizingit在沒(méi)有的時(shí)候就出現(xiàn)canproducenegativehealthhabitsisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday。對(duì)unconsciously，subtle這個(gè)詞在我們04年第二篇文章的第二題的答案中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，04年第二篇文章關(guān)于社會(huì)中按字母排序現(xiàn)象的這篇文章時(shí)應(yīng)該有印象，我們的27題的答案選擇的是D答案：Someformofdiscriminationistosubtletorecognize,大家可以看一下這道題和以前考過(guò)Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureharmfuldesirableprofoundquestionableis…invirtuous(正直的，有效的)directions理解，因?yàn)榫o接著第二句在舉例，就像那些老師為了將后排搗亂的學(xué)生分開(kāi)而將他們和他Thetacticneverreallyworks…(這些策略(方法)不是真正起2012年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀Text2的文章來(lái)源于 Yankeent’sownermusthonoritsownpromises.文章的題材屬于信息科技類文章。講述的是有關(guān)NewEngland一家公司了核電站后，核能源的一些相關(guān)規(guī)定后所引起的一些爭(zhēng)議。就文章本身而言，放置在Reading的第二篇，難度不能算大。因?yàn)樾形闹?，專業(yè)較生僻的詞匯，如：renegeon,agingreaction等，但是通過(guò)上下文的揣摩和推測(cè)，要判斷出C語(yǔ)義題?？嫉氖且粋€(gè)詞匯在文章中的特定含義。Renegingon出現(xiàn)在文章中的第一段。我AcondemningBreaffirmingCdishonoring拒付，Dsecuring處一定是一個(gè)貶義詞，所以才導(dǎo)致引起了群眾的，并且需要和commitment構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以綜合考慮，可以先排除ADB選項(xiàng)“重申”，是一個(gè)中性詞，所以本句A agreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.”公司項(xiàng)為A。即：打算得到來(lái)自Vermont的管理規(guī)定的保護(hù)。應(yīng)該是與原文屬于同義替換。B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“Federal”一詞上，擴(kuò)大了范圍。C選項(xiàng)的意思是：延長(zhǎng)商業(yè)執(zhí)照的有效期，誤解AC.D.A管理實(shí)B4-5行：”…legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthesepowersextend…”我們可以得到是一種對(duì)權(quán)力的檢測(cè)，檢測(cè)各個(gè)州所擁有的這種權(quán)利到底能延伸多遠(yuǎn)。所以對(duì)象應(yīng)該是針對(duì)州，而不是公司。首先排除AC.BD選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中，BD選項(xiàng)指的是在核問(wèn)題上，各州權(quán)力的局限性。結(jié)合文章，我們最終選擇B選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)槲恼碌氖窃谥父髦萑绾蝸?lái)B推斷題。提到一個(gè)：NRC需要定位到文章最后一個(gè)段落。文章最后一句提到：ButastheNRCreviewsthe’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatfromEntergyaredamaged.接下來(lái)，從文章中可以看到公司申請(qǐng)是有關(guān)年限延長(zhǎng)的申請(qǐng)而非能不能在PlymouthC.A選項(xiàng)中提到公司在其他地方的生意會(huì)受到影響恰恰與文章描述相反。所以，綜上所述，正確選項(xiàng)為B也就是說(shuō)這一系列的已經(jīng)對(duì)NRC的構(gòu)成了一種。本 自een(《科家》) 的題為“eEouonfrdby”的文章。章圍繞信度的變”這一題展論述科學(xué)是如打造而成在理化的版本此要A，答案在文章第一