考研英語語法十天速成超詳細筆記khdaw

考研英語語10天速must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;ought等情態(tài)動詞＋MypainapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:”Areyoufeelingallright?”mustbe[B]hadbeen[C]musthavebeen[D]hadto（答案為can’tcouldn’thave+過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的否定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定沒……”。如：Marymyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.couldn’thavereceived[B]oughttohave[C]hasreceived[D]shouldn’thave（答案為maymighthave過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測，或事實上根本沒發(fā)生，譯為“也AtFloridaPower’sCrystalRivernt,apotentiallyseriousleakageofradioactivewatermayhavebeenunknowinglycausedbyanelectrician.needn’thave過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當于”didn’tneedtodo”,譯為“其實沒必要……”。如：Youneedn’thavecomeoveryourself.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,weso[A]needn’tdressup[B]didnotneedhavedressed[C]didnotneeddressup[D]needn’thavedressedshouldhave過去分詞，表示應該做某事但實際上未做，譯為“本應該……”shouldnothave過去分詞表示本不應Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldhavennedeverythingaheadoughttohave過去分詞，表示動作按理該發(fā)生了，但實際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”should的完成式含義類似。Ｔheporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.couldhave過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。這點與ought/shouldhave過去分Whatyousaidisright,butyoucouldhavephraseditmoreItmighthavebeenbettertoincludemorepunchystatisticsandphotosofequipmentintheintroductiontofurtherassistfirst-timeofficeautomationmanagers.1)．may/mightjustaswell不妨，最好”，與hadbetterSincetheflightwascancelled,youmightaswellgoby既然航班已經(jīng)取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。相當于youhadbettergobytrain/…“Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.駕車時候，越越好Thefinalchaptercoversorganizationalchangeanddevelopment.Thissubjectcannotbeoveremphasized．usedn’tdid’tuseto為usedtodo)behavedlikethat.我無法想象他竟然這樣做。 YourhairwantscuttingThebookisworthreadingThefloorrequireswashing.need既可以用needtobedone也可以使用needng，兩種形式都表達的意Thehouseneedspainting=thehouseneedstobepainted.Thewatchneededrepairing=thewatchneededtoberepaired.一般來說，從構詞法角度來看，后綴y往往是副詞，但有的以ly結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，這點要注意；形容詞一costlylonelydeadlylively活潑的friendly友好的sillykindlyleisurelyuglybrotherlymonthlyearthlyafraidalikeawakealonealiveashamedasleep睡著的 的、察覺到的well健康的content滿意的 earthendailylattergoldenweeklyinnersilken絲一般的monthly每月的outer外面的wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年長的woolen的 前任的mere 僅，只不過only 惟一的sheer 純粹的very 恰好的little 小的live remain e,getgrowgocome,turnstay,standrunprove,seem,appear,look如：Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatintheorybuteventhetruestbelieverhasgreatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics. Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good[D]goodas在這里asgoodasbetterthan比較連詞同時出現(xiàn)時候，不能省略任何一個介詞。答案為Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleThenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflast[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflast（前后相比的應該是今年和去年參加的人數(shù)“thenumberof”故代替它的應該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”，而不能選擇B，those是指代participants，不是同類對比，答案為D。Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofdickensfarmoreexcitingthan原級結構中可插入表達倍數(shù)的詞，表示為“為….若干倍”,當與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時候等，他們的位置是，倍數(shù)詞+as…as…,或倍數(shù)詞+more…than…，但again“as+原級＋again+as”.Smokingissoharmfultoalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanauto[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimes[CoverseventimesDseventimes(答案為B)“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?”“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidfor[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceas[CasmuchtwiceDsomuchtwice(答案為B)Myuncleisasold againasIam4）inferior,minor,senior,prior,prefertosuperior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwithincomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan.如：Theirwatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthe[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]（答案為Priortohisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter1986年考研題5）“＋and+”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原級”以及“ever,steadily,daily等副詞＋”結構表示“越來越……”的意思，與這類結構搭配的常用動詞有grow,get e等。前面兩種情況地出現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中，ThingsaregettingworseandAsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangry.Herhealthwas ingdailyworseTheroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatall=theroadgotworseand前面可以用evenstillyetallthemore)等修飾語用以加強語氣，表示“更加”的意思。如TodayitisevencolderthanyesterdayIhaveyetmoreexcitingnewsfor有 notsomuch…as…與其說……不如說Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but[D]Theheartis ligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythe[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore[D]noThereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycanlimithowmuchwateryou[A]muchmorethan[B]nomore[C]nolessthan[D]anymore（答案為Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.justas…so…正如…………也……（用倒裝結構Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,the[A]asitis[B]thesameis[C]sois[D]andso（答案為in,(all)over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較，如：in,allovertheofamong用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較，如：amongtheteachers,ofthefour注意：among…oneof不說amongall…。這一點考生應與漢語表達區(qū)別開來allvisiblelights,redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortest[AAmongBOfC]ForD]To答案為anyother+單數(shù)名詞theother+復數(shù)名詞theothersanyone/anythingelse能說：Johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意與漢語表達的不同。most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞，意思相當于very，用法區(qū)分單復數(shù)，但不能用定冠詞the，如：amostinterestingbook,mostexpensiverestaurants，要注意與“the+形容詞 ＋of+名詞”的結構表示的 HespokeinthewarmestofvoicesTheyhavebeenmostkindtoBasketballisthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.isthemostdifficultoflanguageisamostdifficultlanguage 的形容詞：1）表示顏色的有：white,black表示性質(zhì)和特征的有：atomic,economic,scientific,sonic,golden,silvery,woolen,earthensilent,full,empty,sure,dead,deaf,blind,lame,rainy,表示時間、空間和方位的有：daily,weekly,monthlyannualpresentfrontbackforward,backwardeast,west,south,north,left,right,final表示極限、主次、等級的有： um,minimum,utmost,main,major,chiefminor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super,favorite含有絕對概念的有：absolute,entirewhole,totalperfectexcellentthorough Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisyedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes.大多數(shù)情況下平行結構都是具有一定的比較含義的，有的是遞進對比notonly…but(alsoprefer…to…;ratherthan有的是同類對比：and;but；or；both…and…；either…or…;neither…nor…..Itisbettertodieone’sfeetthan[A]livingonone’sknees[B]liveonone’s[C]onone’sknees[D]toliveonone’s(答案為Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleina alstyle.[A]ratherthan[B]otherthan[C]betterthan[D]lessthan答案為Forthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillbe[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak[D]let’sthaninto（答案為thanintoAttimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementswritingofthefeaturesandeditorials.that指代不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（如是復數(shù)，用thosethatof。如Conversationcallsforawillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwiththatoflistener,anditcallsforoccasional“digestivepauses”byboth.that指代前面的therole。NobreadeatenbymenissosweetasthatearnedbyhisownAgoodwriteriswhocanexpressthe cein mon[A]that[B]he[C]oneForhimtobere-elected,whatisessentialisnotthathis works,butthatthepublicbelievethatitEachcigarettea smokesdoessomeharm,andeventuallyhemaygetaseriousdiseaseformits這里he指代前面 Itwasduringthe1920’sthatthefriendshipbetweenthetwoAmericanwritersHemingwayandreacheditshighest這里its指代前面的兩人的friendshipOurdepartmentwasmonitoredbytwosupervisors,Billand這里me由eitheror,neither…nornotonly…butalso)連接先行詞時候，如果兩個先行詞在數(shù)和性上保持一致，就用其相應NeitherMarynorAlicehasherkeywithNeitherthepackagenorthelettershavereachedtheirdestinationIfeitherDavidorJanetcomes,heorshewillwantadrinknoone,everyone,each,everybodynoneanybodysomeone,somebody用作主語或主語的限定詞時候,或者anythingnothingsomethingeverything等不定代詞作主語時候，其相應的代詞一般按照語法一致原則，采取單數(shù)Everybodytalkedatthetopofhisvoice.Noneoftheboyscandoit,canhe?Everythingisready,isn’t當主語為復數(shù)形式，后跟each作同位語each位于動詞之前，其后的代詞或相應的限定詞用復數(shù)形式；如果Theyeachhavetwoweareeachresponsibleforhisown由and如：thetouristandbusinessmenlosttheirluggageintheBuyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecausethoseclothesthata likesarerarelytheconesthatfithimorher.Tounderstandthesituationcompleyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.TwoweekswastooFivetimesfivemakestwentylawandordersoapandwateracupandsaucerforkandknifetheneedleandthreadtrialanderrorhorseandcarriagetimeandtidebreadandbuttertheebbandflow如：Iflawandordernot ,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyisA.isB.areC.wasd.Linguisticsisabranchofstudyonhumanlanguage.ThechaoswasstoppedbyThenewsisagreatencouragementtoAseriesofdebatesbetweenthelectureswasscheduledforthenext用andBreadandbutterisourdailyfoodTimeandtidewaitsfornoman二．謂語用復數(shù)情況andbothandbothafewmanyseveralFewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatThepeoplearebraveandhardworkingThecattlearegrazinginthesunshineTheJapanesewereoncevery Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear1）either…orneither…norwhether…or…;notonly…butalsoorNeithermoneynorfamehasinfluenceonmeNotonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong)Blockingtheopen-sidedporch,framedbytheenvelo fog,standsatallgrave-faced Justoutsidetheruinsisamagnificentbuildingsurroundedbytalltrees.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillinneedofrepair,therehasbeenimprovementinthefacili主語帶有（together/along）withsuchas,paniedbyaswellas,nolessthanexceptbesides,with,combinedwithinadditiontoincludingtogetherwith等等附加成分，謂語的數(shù)不受附加成分的影響仍然與主語保ProfessorTaylor,withsixofhisstudents,isattendingaconferenceinBostonorganizedtocomparecurrentpracticeintheUnitedStateswiththoseofothernations.Theofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,isnningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.(1981年考研題)Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatarenotfullyTherearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butwhichdonotbringareturninmoneytothecommunity.這些短語包括：alotof/lotsof;plentyof/heapsof;halfof;two-third(three-…)of;eighty(ten,twenty…)percent;partof;restof;noneof等等Two-thirdsofpeoplepresentarewomenLotsofdamagewascausedbythefire時候，謂語動詞就用復數(shù)。這些集體名詞如：army,audience,band,ernment,group,flock,,public,staffteamtroopCrowdfirmfamily等等ThefamilyisthebasicunitofoursocietyThefamilywerewatchingtheTVTheaudiencewasTheaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewordsagreatmany+anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)謂語用復數(shù)themajorityofthenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)each/every+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)neither/eitherofoneandahalf+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)therestmorethanone+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù) manya+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)therestthegreaterpart alargeproportion 50% onethird plenty謂語的數(shù)與of后面的名詞一致(n)either…(n)or….notonly…..butalso…… notbut謂語的數(shù)與主語的第二部分（即(n)or/butalsobut引導的后面部分）一致.MorestudentsthanonehavebeenreferredtoMorethanonestudentisgoingtobuythisbook辭段，目的是為了強調(diào)。倒裝分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝，考試多為部分倒裝?？忌鷳莆帐裁辞闆r下需要倒裝Downjumpedtheburglarfromthetenthfloorwhenheheardsomeoneshoutedathim.Upwentthe 出于習慣用法：here,there,nowthus,hence,then.如：Nowisyourturn.Theregoesthebell.HereisaticketforThereexistedacertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenecessityof“whereisthecup？”“Hereitis！”Hereyouare.ThereheLessimportantthaneveris ameaningfulphilosophyofInbetweenthesetwoextremesarethosepeoplewhoagreewiththejurysystemasawhole,butfeelthatsomechangesneedtobeimplementedtoimproveitseffectiveness.never,noneither,notonly,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,notuntilnowhere,atnotime,onnoaccount,innorespect,innosense,bynomeans,invain,stillless。如：Notonlyisitsdirectattackontheirdiscipline,itbypassestheessenceofwhatsociologistsfocuson.UndernocircumstancesshouldwedoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesbutharmtheinterestsoftheLittledidweexpectthathewouldfulfillhistasksorapidly.Suddenly,Gallup’snamewasoneveryone’slips;notonlywashetheprophetofthemoment,butitgenerallybelievedthathehadfoundedanewandmostimportantmethodofonlythenonlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywithonlythroughonlyby,onlywhenonlyafter,onlybecause。如：Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacometoasoundconclusion. B]would C]you D]you oftensowelltosuchadegreetosuchanextenttosuchextremes,tosuchapointmanyatime。如：Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersthatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetothemtobreakforsportsandgames.[A]becamethechildren ethe[C]hadthechildren e[D]dothechildren (2001年考研題，答案為D)as,than引導的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結構（不倒裝也可以。注意：這種結構主語一般HydrogenburnsmuchmorecleanlythandootherfuelsandiseasytoToday’selectuiccarscannotgoasfastasgasoline-drivenvehiclesbecausethebatterydoesnotofferthesameamountofenergyasdoesgasolinecombustion.Readingistothemindasisexercisetothebody.Theyhavegotup,andsohasIfyoudon’tagreeto n,neitherwill6．“notonly..butalso”結構時，如果notonlybutalso)句子后面不倒裝Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetobeingbroke.MuchasIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalher,inthoroughness,whateverthejob.Braveastheyare,theyareafraidoffightWhileit’struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificoric.Thebusinessofeachdaysellinggoodsorshipthem,wentquite[AitbeingBbeitCwasitDitwas答案為nomatterhow(who…);however引導的讓步狀語從句必須采用倒裝結構，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容置Nomatterhowbusyheis,hehastoattendtheHowevercolditis,healwaysgoesShesaidthat muchprogresssinceshecamemakesB.madeC.havemadeDhad“What’sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad."“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,ImyfriendsbackA.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustS