2021-2022學(xué)年上海交大附中高二（上）期中英語試卷

第1頁（共1頁）2021-2022學(xué)年上海交大附中高二（上）期中英語試卷GrammarandVocabularySectionAMultipleChoice（20′）Directions：BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence，aboutourmeeting.1．（1分）Kristenwassupposedtobeherebynoon.She________aboutourmeeting.（）A．wouldhaveforgotten B．shouldhaveforgotten C．couldn'thaveforgotten D．musthaveforgotten2．（1分）Whenitcomestodeath，VincentVanGogh________byothersinthathiswounddidn'tindicatesuicide，whileAlbertEinstein________longerbutherefusedsurgery.（）A．mayhavebeenkilled；shouldhavelived B．shouldhavebeenkilled；shouldhavelived C．mayhavebeenkilled；musthavelived D．shouldhavebeenkilled：musthavelived3．（1分）Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas________inashortperiodoftime．（）A．creating B．havingcreated C．havingbeencreated D．tobecreated4．（1分）Anyacademicbreakthrough，________，doesnotautomaticallyensurethatitcanbeappliedtopractice.（）A．sinceitmaybebrilliant B．brilliantthoughitmaybe C．howbrilliantitmaybe D．ifitmaybebrilliant5．（1分）Whenanewmovementinartcontributestoacertainfashion，itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat，for________unreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday，itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.（）A．what B．however C．though D．which6．（1分）Ascanbeseenbythelakeside，betweenthetwohills________atallmedievalcastle________magnificencefaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.（）A．lies；whose B．lie；which C．lies；ofwhich D．lie；uponwhich7．（1分）ThedeterioratinglivingconditionsontheCarteretIslandsfinallyresultedin________wecalledtherelocationofalltheislanders，from________arosetheproblemoflosingtheirtraditionsandcelebrations.（）A．which；what B．which；which C．what；that D．what；which8．（1分）Inouronlinelibrary，severalmeansexist________canbeemployedtobrowsethroughourresources，suchas"delayedopen﹣access"，________journalsallowonlyVIPuserstoreadapaperforthefirsttwoweeksbeforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.（）A．that；where B．what；which C．which；whose D．where；when9．（1分）TheCarteretislandershadnotpreparedthemselveswellbothphysicallyandpsychologicallytheywere________requiredtorelocatetoabiggerisland.Infact，itwasonlytwoweeks________theannouncementoftherelocationproject.（）A．since；after B．before；since C．until；that D．a(chǎn)fter；before10．（1分）LeadingpoliticiansintheU.S.havesentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesurgingthatit________actionsthatcouldbetakenbystateandlocalgovernmentsanduniversities________nationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificeducation".（）A．toidentify；maintaining B．identifies；tomaintain C．identify；tomaintain D．willidentify；maintaining11．（1分）Ifasharkattackisunavoidablewhileyouareinthewater，________yourstrengthforfightingincasethesharkattacks.（）A．conserve B．deserve C．observe D．preserve12．（1分）Beinganassistantdirectorcanbea________jobinthatitgrantsyoutheopportunitytonotonlylearnhowtoshootamoviebutalsomeetsomeestablishedactorsandactressesoccasionally.（）A．reassuring B．rewarding C．refreshing D．renewing13．（1分）Sinceourcompanyisfully________totheEqualOpportunityPolicy，everyemployeehere﹣maleorfemale，freshmanorveteran﹣isandwillalwaysbetreatedequally.（）A．a(chǎn)pplied B．committed C．a(chǎn)ddicted D．engaged14．（1分）By________agreement，thefamousinfluencerpretendstobeacustomer，tastingfoodinthisrestaurantandpostinghercommentsonline，whiletherestaurantoffersherthefoodforfreeandapossiblebonuslater.（）A．identical B．widespread C．contrary D．mutual15．（1分）The________ofthegroupthatwillbestudieddependsontheinterestsoftheresearcher：allhighschoolstudents，allcollegestudents，orhalfhighschoolstudentsandhalfcollegestudents.（）A．ingredient B．convention C．compound D．compositionSectionB（20′）Directions：completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonlyonewordmorethanyouneed.16．（10分）A.humbleB.seasonC.tasteD.legendaryE.enterpriseF.unexploredG.unattractiveH.unfoundedI.shelterJ.adventuresK.comfortsAnExcerptfromTheWoodsWereTossingwithJewelsIn1899whenIwasfiveyearsoldandlivinginPalmetto，F(xiàn)lorida，myfatherdecidedtotakehisfamilythroughthewildsoftheEvergladesandhaveaclaimonanoffshoreisland.Hispurposewastofarmthisislandbutbehindthiswashiswishtogiveusa（1）ofthewayhegrewup.HehadbeenacowboyintheMyakkaareawhenhewasfifteenyearsold.TheseranchlandsoverlappedthenorthendoftheEvergladesatatimewhenitwas（2）.Hislifewasaseriesof（3）.HehadlostafatherandabrotherintheCivilWar.Hisfather'scarriagehouseinCharleston，SouthCarolina，andhisnearbyplantationwereinthelineofSherman'smarch.Hiswidowtookhereight﹣year﹣oldson，myfather，andfledtoQuincy，F(xiàn)lorida.WhenPapafinishedschoolattheacademythere，hewenttoworkasacowboyonaranchinMyakkaforafriendofhisdeadfather's.Byagethirty，hewasacountysheriff，no（4）jobinthosedays，andhisterritorywaswideranging.Thecountyheservedwaslatersplitupintosixoreightcounties.SouthFloridawas（5）tomanybecauseofthemosquitoes，panthers，crocodiles，swamps，andwetlands.Butthesemarksofwildcountrycalledtomyfatherlikethe（6）sirensong.HestartedbuildingacoveredwagonaroundthefourthofJulyandwewentintothewildernesswithhiminthefall.WehadmadeourhomeinPalmettoforayearorsowheremymother'sgentlefolks，theHarrisons，hadsettledfollowingtheCivilWar.Ourcomfortabletwo﹣storyframehouseontheManateeRiverwassetaboutwithliveoaks，guavas，andlong﹣leafedpinethatbranchedoutfromthefootofthetreeto（7）ourcowandprovidearoostforthechickens.Mygrandfatherwasthetowndoctor.Hedoctoredtheentirecountyandwaspaidineggsandhamandvegetableswhentheywerein（8）.Itwasanidylliclife，andwelivedclosetoourfamilyandtothe（9）andsafetyasmalltowncouldafford.ButPapawasamanof（10）；herealizedthattheuntouchedTenThousandIslandsoffthesouthwestcoastofthestatewererichinsoilforcropsandingameforfood.17．（10分）A.indivisibleB.resolveC.horizonsD.challengeE.secureF.willG.sightsH.triumphI.suspendedJ.pressK.struckInaugural（就職的）AddressbyPresidentJosephR.Biden，Jr.THEPRESIDENT：ChiefJusticeRoberts，VicePresidentHarris，SpeakerPelosi，LeaderSchumer，LeaderMcConnell，VicePresidentPence，distinguishedguests，andmyfellowAmericans：ThisisAmericansday.Thisisdemocracy'sday.Adayofhistoryandhope.Ofrenewaland（1）.Throughacrucible（磨煉）fortheagesAmericahasbeentestedanewandAmericahasrisentothe（2）.Today，wecelebratethe（3）notofacandidate，butofacause，thecauseofdemocracy.The（4）ofthepeoplehasbeenheardandhasbeenheeded.Wehavelearnedagainthatdemocracyisprecious.Democracyisfragile.Andatthishour，myfriends，democracyhasprevailed.Sonow，onthishallowedgroundwherejustdaysagoviolencesoughttoshakethisCapitol'sveryfoundation，wecometogetherasonenation，underGod，（5）tocarryoutthepeacefultransferofpoweraswehaveformorethantwocenturies.WelookaheadinouruniquelyAmericanway—restless，bold，optimistic—andsetour（6）onthenationweknowwecanbeandwemustbe.Overthecenturiesthroughstormandstrife，inpeaceandinwar，wehavecomesofar.Butwestillhavefartogo.Wewill（7）forwardwithspeedandurgency，forwehavemuchtodointhiswinterofperilandpossibility.Muchtorepair.Muchtorestore.Muchtoheal.Muchtobuild.Andmuchtogain.Fewperiodsinournation'shistoryhavebeenmorechallengingordifficultthantheonewe'reinnow.Aonce﹣in﹣a﹣centuryvirussilently（8）thecountry.It'stakenasmanylivesinoneyearasAmericalostinallofWorldWarⅡ.Millionsofjobshavebeenlost.Hundredsofthousandsofbusinessesclosed.Acryforracialjusticesome400yearsinthemakingmovesus.Thedreamofjusticeforallwillbe（9）nolonger.Acryforsurvivalcomesfromtheplanetitself.Acrythatcan'tbeanymoredesperateoranymoreclear.Andnow，ariseinpoliticalextremism，whitesupremacy，domesticterrorismthatwemustconfrontandwewilldefeat.Toovercomethesechallenges—torestorethesoulandto（10）thefutureofAmerica—requiresmorethanwords.Itrequiresthatmostelusiveofthingsinademocracy：Unity.ReadingComprehensionSectionACloze（15′）Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.18．（15分）Thefirstsignsofdistresscamenotwithpanic，butpositivity，"Hopeyouallarefeelingsafeandatpeacesittingdownwithyourfamily，"oneinfluencerwrote，pairedwithaselfie（1）heradorablechildreninpajamas.Thenewcoronavirusprovidedanopportunitytoreflect，to（2），tousecodeRACHELfor30percentoffonhomefitnessclasses.Theinfluencerscarriedoninacasualdress，drinkingcoffee，modelingasenseof（3）inthefaceofdisaster.Privately，though，someinfluencershavewatchedwithagrowingsenseoffearastheworldcollapses，takingtheirearningpotentialwithit.Branddealshavedriedup；sponsoredpostshavebeendelayed.Thegreatreckoning（算總賬）isunlikelytodestroytheinfluencerindustry—bynow，it'salreadytoobig—（4）thebusinessofinfluenceisgoingtochange."Ifyouthinkaboutthewayaneconomicrecessionworks，somecompaniessurviveandsomecompaniesdon't，"saysAngelaSeits，seniordirectoratthedigitalagencyPMG."Ithinkthatcouldbe（5）towhathappensintheinfluencerindustry."Foryears，theinfluencereconomyhasoperatedin（6）times.Largemarketingbudgetsfundedclosetsfullofexpensiveclothesandpaidvacationstoexoticresorts.WithmoreAmericanstakingcuesfromsocialmediaaboutwhereandwhattobuy，（7）hadstartedtogoallin；asurveybyMediakix，aninfluencermarketingagency，foundthat17percentofcompaniesspentoverhalftheirmarketingbudgetoninfluencersin2020Onereportestimatedthatinfluencermarketingwouldgrowto﹩9.7billionin2021.It'snotallmega﹣influencers，either.Micro﹣influencers，whohavetargetedfollowingsunder100，000makeupthe（8）oftheindustry.Evenpeoplewithjustafewthousandfollowerscanearnhundredsofdollarsforasinglesponsoredpost.It'snothardtoearnanincomethisway.Eight﹣year﹣oldscandoit，providedsomeadult（9）.Asthenewcoronavirussendstheworlddashingtowardarecession，though，moreappealingaspectsoftheinfluencerlifestylehavecometoa（n）（10）.Paidtripshavenoplaceamidlockdowns，nordostreet﹣stylephotoshootstomodel（11）clothes.Andit'snotclearthatthoseopportunitieswillreappearinthefuture﹣（12），notforeveryone."Thepandemicishavingamajorimpactontheoverallinfluenceindustry，andit'lllikelyhavelastingeffects，"saysSeits.Foronething，there'sjust（13）moneytogoaround.AsofMarch，themarketresearchfirmeMarketerfoundthataboutathirdofinfluencerswerealreadyseeingfewercollaborations.Someofthosemayreturnastheeconomyrecovers，butotherbrandswillcuttieswithinfluencerswhohaven'tshowntheycan（14）sales.Evenbeforethepandemic，"brandswerealreadystartingto（15）longer﹣termcooperationwithinfluencersversusone﹣offpartnerships，"saysJasmineEnberg，asenioranalystateMarketer.Now，Enbergexpectsthattrendtoaccelerate.（1）A.questioningB.discipliningC.featuringD.accessing（2）A.reviewB.resistC.restD.reset（3）A.easeB.humourC.belongingD.purpose（4）A.sinceB.soC.ifD.but（5）A.contraryB.identicalC.fatalD.subject（6）A.cruelB.boomC.specialD.dark（7）A.brandsB.disasterC.influencersD.constuners（8）A.backboneB.supportC.declineD.miracle（9）A.opponentsB.campaignC.supervisionD.criticism（10）A.stopB.crisisC.conclusionD.agreement（11）A.imaginedB.customizedC.regulatedD.sponsored（12）A.inparticularB.atleastC.forexampleD.atmost（13）A.adequateB.noC.moreD.less（14）A.predictB.driveC.cutD.stabilize（15）A.acceptB.overlookC.prioritizeD.fightSectionB（30′）Directions：Readthefollowingfour，passages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread19．（8分）TheyweregoingtoFlorida﹣threeboysandthreegirls.Theyweredreamingofgoldenbeachesandseatidesasthegrey，coldspringofNewYorkvanishedbehindthem.Vingowasonthebusfromthebeginning.AsthebuspassedthroughNewJersey，theybegantonoticethatVingonevermoved.Hesatinfrontoftheyoungpeople，hisdustyfacemaskinghisage，dressedinaplainbrownsuitthatdidnotfithim.Hesatincompletesilenceandseemedcompletelyunawareoftheexistenceoftheothers.Deepintothenight，thebuspulledintoaHowardJohnson'srestaurantandeverybodygotoffthebusexceptVingo.Theyoungpeoplebegantowonderabouthim：perhapshewasaseacaptain；maybehecouldbeanoldsoldiergoinghome.InthemorningtheyawokeoutsideanotherHowardJohnson'sandthistimeVingowentin.Agirlinvitedhimtojointhem.Heseemedveryshyandorderedblackcoffeeandsmokednervously，astheyoungpeoplechatteredaboutsleepingonbeaches﹣Whentheygotbackonthebus，thegirlsatwithVingoagain."Areyoumarried？""Idon'tknow.""Youdon'tknow？"shesaid."Well，whenIwasinjailIwrotetomywife.Isaid，'Martha，Iwasgoingtobeawayalongtime.Ifyoucouldn'tstandit，ifthekidskeptaskingquestions，youcouldjustforgetme.'Itoldhershedidn'thavetowritetomeoranything，andshedidn't.Notforthree﹣and﹣a﹣halfyears.""Andyou'regoinghomenow，notknowing？""Yeah.Well，lastweek，whenIwassuretheparole（有條件釋放）wascomingthroughIwroteheragain.Itoldherthatifshehadanewguy，Iunderstood.But，ifshedidn't，ifshewouldtakemebacksheshouldletmeknow.WeusedtoliveinBrunswick，andthere'sagreatoaktreejustasyoucomeintotown.Itoldherifshewouldtakemeback，sheshouldtieayellowribbon（絲帶）tothetree，andIwouldgetoffandcomehome.Ifshedidn'twantme，forgetit，noribbonandI'dunderstandandkeepgoingonthrough.""Wow，"thegirlsaid"Wow."Shetoldtheothers，andsoonallofthemwerecaughtupintheapproachofBrunswick.Nowtheywere20milesfromBrunswick，andtheyoungpeopletookthewindowseatsontherightside，waitingfortheapproachofthegreatoaktree.Vingostoppedlooking，tighteninghisfaceintotheex﹣criminal'smask，and__________.Thenitwas10miles，andthenfive，andthebusbecameveryquiet.Thensuddenlyalloftheyoungpeoplewereupoutoftheirseats，screamingandshoutingandcrying，doingsmalldances，shakingclenchedfistsintriumphandexaltation.AllexceptVingo.Vingosattherestunned，lookingattheoaktreethroughhismistyeyes.Thetreewascoveredwithyellowribbons，30ofthem，50ofthem，maybehundreds，atreethatstoodlikeaflagofwelcome，blowingandbillowinginthewind.Astheyoungpeopleshouted，theoldexcriminalslowlyrosefromhisseat，holdinghimselftightly，andmadehiswaytothefrontofthebustogohome.（1）Inthebeginning，Vingowasstinginsilencewithoutinteractingwithothersmostprobablybecause.A.hewastooshyandnervoustoutterawordB.hewaslostinthoughtanduncertaintyC.hedidnotwanttoruinthejoyfulatmosphereamongotherpassengersD.hefeltinferiortoothersduetohiscriminalpast（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixpassengers？A.TheyembarrassedVingobybreakinghissilence.B.TheyhidtheirgreatconcernforVingo'spast.C.TheyshowedtrustandsympathytowardsVingo.D.TheyhopedVingocouldmakehisowndecisioninsteadofwaitingforhiswife'sresponse.（3）Whichsentencewillfitbestintheblankinthethirdtolastparagraph？A.preparinghimselfforstillanotherdisappointment.B.wantingtogetawayfromtheotherpassengers'noise.C.notreadytoacceptwhateverliesaheadforhim.D.hopinghedidnotinformtheotherpassengersofhisstory.（4）Whatdoesthehundredsofyellowribbonsintheendsymbolize？A.ashowofrespectfromVingo'sfamily.B.alastwarningfromVingo'swife.C.aexpressionofsympathyfromVingo'swife.D.adisplayofforgivenessfromVingo'swife.20．（6分）NationalUniversityofSingaporeAdmissionsforChineseHighSchoolStudentsRequirementApplicantswhohavecompletedthehighschoolfinalexaminationApplicantswhowillbecompletingthehighschoolfinalexaminationafterapplicationclosingdateMinimumapplyGaoKaoresultsSeniorMiddle2Semester2resultsAgoodpassinGaoKaoandoneofthefollowing：（i）IELTS（ii）TOEFL（iii）ClAdvanced/CambridgeEnglish：Advanced（iv）PTEAcademicAgoodpassinGaoKaobyJune2022andoneofthefollowing：（i）IELTS（ii）TOEFL（iii）ClAdvanced/CambridgeEnglish：Advanced（iv）PTEAcademicCourseQualificationQualifiedforallcoursesNotqualifiedforDentistry/Law/Medicine/NursingApplicationClosingDate28February2022

Notes1.ForapplicantswhowouldbesittingfortheGaoKaoexaminationin2022，pleasesubmityouractualresultswithin3calendardaysuponresultreleasetotheNUSOfficeofAdmissions.2.ApplicationwillonlybeprocesseduponsubmissionofyourGaoKaoresultstogetherwithanacceptableEnglishLanguagescorebytheapplicationclosingdate.Internetprint﹣outofyourGaoKaoresultscanbeacceptedprovisionally.Theprint﹣outmustclearlyreflectyourfullname.3.SeniorMiddle3studentswhoarenotsittingforGaoKaoasthegraduationexaminationshouldapplyunder'OtherHighSchoolQualifications'，bypresentingACTwithWritingorSAT，togetherwithSATSubjectTestsorAdvancedPlacementTestscoresandtheirlatesthighschoolresults.EnglishLanguageRequirementforNUSThemediumofinstructionatNUSisEnglish.ToenableyoutobenefitfromanNUSeducation，weexpectyoutohaveachievedaminimumlevelofEnglishproficiency.Forcertainqualifications，youarealsorequiredtofurnishadditionalEnglishLanguagetestscoresapplicantsmaypresentanyofthefollowingtofulfiltheEnglishLanguagerequirement：TestMinimumAcceptableScoreClAdvanced/CambridgeEnglish：Advanced180EL119C6IELTS﹩6.5overallwith﹩6.5inReadingandWritingcomponentsMuET200（for2020examinationandbefore）240（for2021examinationonwards）PTEAcademic﹩62overallwith﹩62inReadingandWritingcomponentsTOEFL﹩92﹣93forinternet﹣based/﹩580forpaper﹣based（1）WhichofthefourChinesehighschoolstudentsbelowwillbequalifiedtoapplyforNationalUniversityofSingapore（NUS）in2022？A.LiKuan：HighSchoolFinalExamination（Completed），GaokaoScorein2021（High），TOEFLE（570forpaper﹣based），applyingforBiology.B.JiYang：HighSchoolFinalExamination（Completed），GaokaoScorein2021（Low），TPTEAcademic（65overall，with62inReadingand61inWriting），applyingforMedicine.C.QianYu：SeniorMiddle2，Semester2Results，GaokaoScorebyJune，2022（High），MUET（242，for2021examination），applyingforLaw.D.WangXiao：SeniorMiddle2，Semester2Results，GaokaoScorebyJune，2022（High），1ELTS（7overall，with6.5inReadingand7inWriting），applyingforEnglishlanguageandliterature.（2）ZhangJiaoisaChinesehighschoolstudentwhowillsitforGaokaoin2022.SupposeherexaminationresultwillbereleasedinJune24th2022（Friday），whichwillbethelastdayshehastosubmitherresulttoNUS？A.June27th，2022.B.June28th，2022.C.June29th，2022.D.June30th，2022.（3）IfahighschoolstudentfromChinadoesnotwanttositforGaoKaoasthegraduationexaminationbutstillwantstoapplyforNUS，he/shecanpresentallthefollowingEXCEPT？A.SAT，AdvancedPlacementTestscoresandthelatesthighschoolresults.B.ACTwithWriting，SATandthelatesthighschoolresults.C.ACTwithWriting，SATSubjectTestsandthelatesthighschoolresults.D.SAT，SATSubjectTestsandthelatesthighschoolresults.21．（8分）LongbeforetheEuropeansarrivedonEasterIslandin1722，thenativePolynesiancultureknownasRapaNuishowedsignsofdemographic（人口數(shù)據(jù)上的）decline.However，thecatalysthaslongbeendebatedinthescientificcommunity.Wasitenvironmentaldegradationorcouldapoliticalrevolutionoranepidemicofdiseasebetoblame？Anewstudybyagroupofinternationalresearchers，includingUCSantaBarbara'sOliverChadwick，offersadifferentexplanationandhelpstoclarifythechronologicalframework.TheinvestigatorsexpectedtofindthatchangescoincidedwiththearrivaloftheEuropeans，buttheirworkshowsinsteadthattheextinctionoftheRapaNuiculturebeganpriortothat.TheirfindingsarepublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences."InthecurrentEasterIslanddebate，onesidesaystheRapaNuiseverelydamagedtheirenvironmentandkilledthemselvesoff，"saidChadwick，aprofessorinUCSantaBarbara'sDepartmentofGeographyandtheEnvironmentalStudiesProgram.Theothersidesaysithadnothingtodowithculturalbehavior，thatitwastheEuropeanswhobroughtdiseasethatkilledtheRapaNui.Ourresultsshowthatthereissomeofbothgoingon，buttheimportantpointisthatweshowevidenceofsomecommunitiesbeingabandonedpriortoEuropeancontact.ChadwickjoinedarchaeologistsChristopherStevensonofVirginiaCommonwealthUniversity，CedricPulestonofUCDavisandThegnLadefogedoftheUniversityofAucklandinexaminingsixagriculturesitesusedbytheisland'sstatue﹣buildinginhabitants.Theirresearchfocusedmainlyonthethreesitesforwhichtheyhadinformationonclimate，soilchemistryandlandusetrendsasdeterminedbyananalysisofobsidianspearpoints.Theteamusedflakesofobsidian，anaturalglass，asadatingtool.Measuringtheamountofwaterthathadpenetratedtheobsidian'ssurfaceallowedthemtocalculateapproximatelyhowlongithadbeenexposedandtodetermineitsage.Thefirstsitetheresearchersanalyzedwasnearthenorthwestcoast.Lyingintherainshadowofavolcano，ithadlowrainfallandrelativelyhighsoilnutrientavailability.Thesecondstudysite，ontheinteriorsideofthevolcanicmountain，experiencedhighrainfallbuthadalownutrientsupply；thethird，anothernear﹣coastalareinthenortheast，wascharacterizedbyintermediateamountsofrainfallandrelativelyhighsoilnutrients."Whenweevaluatethelengthoftimethatthelandwasusedbasedontheagedistributionofeachsite'sobsidianflakes，whichweusedasanindexofhumanhabitation，wefindthattheverydryareaandtheverywetareawereabandonedbeforeEuropeancontact."Chadwicksaid."TheareathathadrelativelyhighnutrientsandintermediaterainfallmaintainedarobustpopulationwellafterEuropeancontact."TheseresultssuggestthattheRapaNuireactedtoregionalvariationsandnaturalenvironmentalbarrierstoproducingsufficientcropsratherthandegradingtheenvironmentthemselves.Inthenutrient﹣richcenterwheretheycouldproducefoodwell，theywereabletomaintainaviablecultureevenunderthethreatofexternalfactors，includingEuropeandiseasessuchassmallpox，syphilisandtuberculosis."ThepullbackfromthemarginalareassuggeststhattheRapaNuicouldn'tcontinuetomaintainthefoodresourcesnecessarytokeepthestatuebuildersinbusiness，"Chadwickincluded."Soweseethestoryasoneofpushingagainstconstraintsandhavingtopullbackthanoneofviolentcollapse."（1）Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto"catalyst"inparagraphone？A.chemicalsubstanceB.causeC.consequenceD.evidence（2）AsregardswhathappenedtoEasterisland，thecurrentcommonbeliefholds.A.thatPolynesianculture'simpactsontheenvironmentdestroyedthecultureinturn.B.thattheEuropeansbroughtdiseaseontheisland，thuskillingisculture.C.thatsomePolynesianculturewasabandonedbeforetheEuropeanscame.D.twodifferentviews.（3）AccordingtoOliverChadwick'sresearchontheagriculturesites，whatisthereasonwhysomeareaswereabandoned？A.thefailuretoproducefoodfortheworkersintheareas﹣B.thethreatofEuropeandiseases.C.theheavyworkloadoftheisland'sstatue﹣buildinginhabitants.D.alackofsiteswithbothhighrainfallandhighsoilnutrients.（4）Whichofthefollowingservesasthebesttitleforthepassage？A.TheextinctionofRapaNui：TwoopposingviewsB.RapaNui：ThecultureworthpreservationC.ThenativePolynesianculture：ResearcherscometoitsrescueD.EasterIslandmysteryWhydidthenativeculturedieoutSectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefull.Filleachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyou22．（8分）A.Securingthatdataissomethingthatevenbig﹣nametechcompaniesstrugglewith.Sohowdowefixthat？B."It'snotjustthattheconsumersdon'tunderstandthetechnology，"saidJeffHagins，co﹣founderofSmartThings."It'salsothatthepeoplebuildingitdon'tunderstandit.JustbecauseIknowhowtoprogramdoesn'tmeanIunderstandthesevulnerabilitiesatall."C.Thatraisesanotherpotentialproblem，though.IfyourhomeWi﹣Fipasswordisallthatstandsbetweenaspyorhackerandyournetworkeddevices，youwindupwithasinglepointoffailure.D.Theinformationmayberelativelyunimportant，suchasbatterylevelsortemperatures，butwheninaddsup，itcanproduceextremelydetailedprofilesofyourbehavior.E.Thesameholdstruefortheautoindustry，wheremanycompanieshavebegunexperimentwithnewtechnologiesthatletcarscommunicatewithoneanother.F.Yourbathroomscalemighttellyourrefrigeratorthatyou'reoverweight，andyourfridgemightstartrecommendinghealthierrecipes.Twentyyearsago，theword"smartphone"didn'texist.Bynecessity，neitherdidtheword，"dumbphone".Intwodecades，wemighttalkaboutallofourappliancesinsimilarways.Fromovenstogaragedoorstoinsulinpumpstovehicles，manyofourdevicesaregoingtobeconnectedtotheInternetinthesamesensethatourphonesarenow.Onecompany，SmartThings，sellsdevicesthathelpconsumersco