09高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法詞匯總復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)12

第十二章?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思不同可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和原因狀語(yǔ)從句等。狀語(yǔ)從句如果放在主句前通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。高考重點(diǎn)要求：1、狀語(yǔ)從句的各種類(lèi)型，并正確使用從屬連詞2、狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法第一節(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由連接詞when、while、before、after、since、until(till)、assoonas、as等引導(dǎo)例如：Whenitrains,thechildrenwillplayindoors.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Themomentthebellrang,allthestudentsstoodatattention.二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where,wherever引導(dǎo)。例如：Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.三、條件狀語(yǔ)從句由連接詞if,aslongas,onconditionthat,supposing等引導(dǎo)。如果主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Aslongasyoukeepontrying,you’llcertainlysucceed.Wewillletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.四、比較狀語(yǔ)從句由連接詞as…as、than、notso…as…等引導(dǎo)。例如：HespeaksEnglishmuchbetterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.五、目的狀語(yǔ)從句由sothat…,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat等引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與can,may,could,might,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：Takeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.AskhimtohurryupwiththeselettersinorderthatIcansignthem.六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由that,sothat…或such…that引導(dǎo)。例如：Itissuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.七、方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有as，（just）as…so,asif(though).As引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于句首。As在句中帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如……，就像……”。例如：Itlooksasifthewhethermayclearupverysoon.Aswateristofishsoairistoman.八、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 由連接詞though,although,evenif,eventhough,as等引導(dǎo)。但要注意從句用了though主句就不能用but。例如：Althoughit’sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.Boyasheis,heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.九、原因狀語(yǔ)從句由because,since,as,for,nowthat等引導(dǎo)例如：Astheweatherwasfine,wedecidedtoclimbthemountain.第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1、如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner等置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：例如：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.2、Notuntil…在句首，主句用倒裝。例如：Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世紀(jì)初，人類(lèi)才知道熱能是什么。NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我開(kāi)始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。3、當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as或while。例如：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.4、如從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"，連詞能用as，不用when或while。例如：Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?、as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須把表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。如句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。例如：Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems…雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、Generallyspeaking,_________accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosid-effect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken答案為B?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，原句應(yīng)為“Generallyspeaking,whenitistakenaccording…”。由于take用被動(dòng)時(shí)，主從句主語(yǔ)一致，因此從句中的itwas可以被省略，簡(jiǎn)化為whentaken…分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，而選A、C時(shí)則缺乏主語(yǔ)。譯文：通常地說(shuō)，當(dāng)這藥按照指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明被服用的話是沒(méi)有副作用的。例2、—Dad,I'vefinishedmyassignment.—Good,and_________youplayorwatchTV,youmustn'tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter答案為B?！窘馕觥縩omatter不能直接引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用nomatter+wh族疑問(wèn)詞方可，故排除D；盡管A、C都有“無(wú)論”的意思，但只有B項(xiàng)whether可與or連用，表示選擇，即“無(wú)論你玩還是看電視，不許打擾我”。例3、Thefamousscientistgrewup_______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever答案為C?！窘馕觥縲here引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：這位著名的科學(xué)家在他的出生地長(zhǎng)大，1930年他來(lái)到上海。因?yàn)樵趶木渲杏斜硎緯r(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)in1930,所以可以排除when和whenever;wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)，意思是“無(wú)論在哪里”，與句意不符。例4、________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch答案為C?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。as在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要把形容詞或副詞放在它的前面。如果是名詞，一般不加冠詞。如：Childasheis,hehaslearnedtwothousandnewwords.Aslongas“只要……”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；Nowthat“既然”引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；As“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：雖然我走過(guò)了那么多地方，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)像約翰這樣有能力的人。例5、Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey________.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive答案為B?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用了一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般不能使用將來(lái)時(shí)，但能和betodo的形式連用，所以應(yīng)填aretosurvive。譯文：在如此干旱的天氣里，如果你想要花成活，就得給它們澆水。例6、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_____itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.A．a(chǎn)slongasB．whileC．ifD．eventhough答案選C?！窘馕觥繌木渥右馑伎芍?，是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。aslongas“只要……”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常用肯定句，所以要填if。譯文：如果WTO不包括一個(gè)占人類(lèi)五分之一的國(guó)家，它就名不符實(shí)了。例7、Shefoundhercalculator________shelostit.A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that答案為A?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“東西是在丟的地方找到的?！眎nwhich用于定語(yǔ)從句中，其前必須有先行詞。這個(gè)句子中沒(méi)有先行詞，所以不能填inwhich。例8、—I'mgoingtothepostoffice.—________you'rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If答案為B?！窘馕觥縲hile引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。這句話的意思是“當(dāng)你在那兒的時(shí)候，是否能給我買(mǎi)一些郵票？”as雖然也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但其意思是“一邊……一邊……”；because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句；if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)方已經(jīng)說(shuō)明要到郵局去，不能再作假設(shè)。例9、Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings________youcanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there答案為B?！窘馕觥縲here引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。這句話的意思是“你應(yīng)該作出一個(gè)規(guī)矩，把東西放在你能再找到它們的地方?！崩?0、We'llhavetofinishthejob,________.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes答案選D?！窘馕觥縣owever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.Itis___hehasbehavedsobadlythathemustbepunished.A.as B.since C.because D.that2.Practiseas___asyoucan.A.much B.many C.more D.hardly3.___Iadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.A.Since B.As C.Eventhough D.Because4.Iwillletyoudrive___youhaveadrivinglicence.A.unless B.except C.onconditionthat D.sothat5.Mikeacted___nothinghadhappened.A.as B.asthough C.asalthough D.justlike6.Rosesneedspecialcare_____theycanlivethroughwinter.A.because B.sothat C.evenif D.as7.Thethiefran____hewasoutofsightinashortwhile.A.sofastthat B.toofastthat C.fastenoughthat D.suchfastthat8.___youunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.Before B.While C.As D.Once9.Don’tgotothepartyuntil____.A.invite B.inviteto C.invitedto D.toinvite10.Theprotectiondevicecanhelptoeliminatethepossiblefaults______theycausemoredamage.A.unless B.although C.until D.before11.Thesetwoareasaresimilar____theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.tothat B.besidesthat C.inthat D.exceptthat12.____thatheisonlyabeginner,itisunderstandableforhimtomakesuchmistakes.A.Considering B.Considered C.Consider D.Toconsider13.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded____othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A.which B.that C.what D.where14.Excuseme.Ifyourcall’snottoourgent,doyoumind____minefirst.A.Imake B.ifImake C.metomake D.thatImake15.____thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.A.Evenif B.Asfaras C.Ifonly D.Solongas16.Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen____.A.scolding B.toscold C.havingscolded D.scolded17.Iwasjusttogoout____itbegantorain.A.as B.when C.after D.whole18.Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave____somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.A.unless B.until C.when D.while19.Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill____weallsatdowntorest.A.when B.then C.than D.until20.Ihavekeptthatportrait____Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysinLondon.A.which B.where C.whether D.when21.Richardis____boythateveryoneintheclasslikeshim.A.asobright B.soabright C.suchbrighta D.sobrighta22.We’llwaithere____yougetback.A.soonafter B.until C.assoonas D.when23.Important____hisdiscoverywas,itwasregardedasamatterofnoaccountinhistime.A.for B.to C.although D.as24.Speaktohimslowly____hemayunderstandbetter.A.incasethat B.sothat C.becausethat D.least25.Theharderyoustudy,____youwillservethepeople.A.thebetter B.better C.thebest D.thebetterthat26.Mr.Smithis_____agoodteacher_____weallrespect.A.such…that B.such…as C.so…that D.so…as27.Ourprofitswillbegood_____thedollarremainsstrong.A.if B.although C.unless D.aslongas28._____ismentionedabove,therearemoreandmoretradebetweenChinaandAmerica.A.Which B.As C.That D.What29.hetookawrongbus,______hewasafullhourlateonthefirstdayhewenttowork.A.Onconditionthat B.which C.sothat D.onthegroundthat30.Emilyhadfailedmanytimes;_____,shewasconfidentshewouldsucceedintheend.A.nevertheless B.although C.therefore D.otherwise31.Neitherofthemallowedthedonorsoftheportraittosee_____theybothdislikedit.A.how B.howmuch C.howoften D.howsoon32.Weareawarethat,_____,thesituationwillgetworse.A.ifnotdealingwithcarefully B.ifdealtnotcarefullywithC.ifnotcarefullydealtwith D.ifnotcarefullydealingwith33.Heremainedinthiscompany,not_____helikedthecompany,butthathelikedtheteammateshehad.A.for B.since C.as D.that34.Theylookedatthenationalflag,_____.A.tearsappearedintheireyes B.tearsappearingintheireyesC.andtearsappearingintheireyes D.whentearsappearingintheireyes35.Thequestionwas_____totakethechildrentothezooortoleavethemathome.A.how B.however C.if D.whether36.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.because B.sothat C.asif D.unless37.Wewon’tgiveup_____weshouldfailtentimes.A.evenif B.since C.whether D.until38._____,hehadnointentionofwaitingforthreehours.A.Patientalthoughhewas B.AshewaspatientC.Patientashewas D.Sincehewaspatient39._____thatthewholeroofwasblownoff.A.Sowasterriblethestorm B.SowasterriblythestormC.Soterriblewasthestorm D.Soterriblywasthestorm40.Shipscarrylifeboats_____thecrewcanescape_____theshipsinks.A.soasto…if B.sothat…unless C.sothat…if D.inorderthat…incasethat41.Hehidthefragmentsofthevaseinthedrawer______hismothershoulddiscoverthem.A.afraidof B.inthat C.incase D.sothat42.Earthwormsoccur______adequatemoistureandfoodandthenecessarysoilconditionsare found.A.however B.and C.wherever D.but43.Theoldmanslippedonthestairsandfelldown,______breakinghisleftleg.A.so B.thus C.therefo