2023年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Theuniversity（）fiveschoolsandtwenty-fivedepartments.問題1選項(xiàng)A.beconsistedofB.consistsofC.beconsistedbyD.beconsistedin2.單選題Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.問題1選項(xiàng)A.promptlyB.directlyC.quicklyD.presently3.單選題Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno（）tothehealthservice問題1選項(xiàng)A.assessmentB.accessC.assignmentD.exception4.單選題（

）theenormousflowoffoodfromtheentireglobe,thesecountrieshaveformanyyearsnotfeltanypopulationpressure.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ThankstoB.BymeansofC.InlinewithD.Withregardto5.單選題Thepuzzleofleft-handednessseemstobeamodestgrowthareaincurrentresearch.Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms,althoughitisnotclearwhethertheoverproductionofhormonecausesthedefensedefect,orissimplyonesymptomofageneralimbalance.Couldthisexplainwhy13percentofmalechildren,butonly10percentoffemales,areleft-handed?Today,veryroughly10percentofthepopulationisleft-handed.Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory.Fromwrittenrecords,andevenpainting,researcherscangetaguidetotheincidenceofleft-handednessamongourrecentancestorsLookingfurtherback,someexpertsclaimtobeabletotellfromtheshapingofflint(打火石)toolswhetherourStoneAgeforebearswereleft-orright-handedwhilethehabitofcavepaintersofleavinghandprints(as“signatures”)onwallsatleasttellsuswhichhandanindividualusedformarkingwalls.Theevidencesuggeststhat10percentofthepopulationwasleft-handed.Thisisacommonevolutionarypatternwheretherearevariationsthateachprovidessomeadvantagefortheindividualthatcarriesthem,butnotanoverwhelmingadvantage,sothatallthevariationsexistsomewhereinthepopulation.Abalanceisstruckinwhichtheproportionsofthepopulationinwhicheachversionisexpressedstayroughlythesameformgenerationtogeneration-asinthecaseofbloodgroups,forexample.Theremustbesomeadvantage,inDarwinianterms,inbeingaleft-handeramongapopulationofpredominantlyright-handedpeople.Butthisisverydifferentfromthepatternseeninmostanimals.Ournearrelatives,thechimpanzees,alsoshowindividualpreferenceforonehandortheother,buthalfthechimppopulationisleft-handed.Evenratsshowthesamesplit-50percentleft-pawedand50percentright-pawed.Manmaynotquitebeuniqueamongmammals;therehavebeenclaimsthatpolarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions.Butbycomparisonwithourcousinapes,itlooksasifresearchintoleft-handednessinpeoplemaybeaskingthewrongquestion.Therealpuzzleisnotwhy10percentofpeopleareleft-handed,butwhy90percentareright-handed.Whathashappenedtothehumanspecies,inevolutionaryterms,totiltthebalanceawayfromleft-handersinfavorofright-handers?Whyismantheright-handedape?Nobodyhasasatisfactoryanswer.Butitisoneofthecuriositiesofscientificresearchthatstudiesofsomethingseeminglysomundaneasleft-handednessinpeoplecouldactuallyshednewlightonhumanevolution.1.Thearticlesuggeststhatleft-handednessmightbedueto（）2.Itappearsfromthearticlethat（）3.Whatdowelearnaboutpolarbears?4.Whatadvantageisshowninbeingaleft-hander?5.Fromthepassage,wecanguesstheword“mundane”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ashortageofmalehormoneB.veryweakdefensemechanismsC.anexcessofmalehormoneD.therebeingmoremalethanfemalechildren問題2選項(xiàng)A.thereweremoreleft-handedpeopleinancienttimesB.thepercentageofleft-handershasn'tchangedC.therewerefewerleft-handedpeopleinancienttimeD.thenumberofleft-handershasn'treallychanged問題3選項(xiàng)A.Itisimpossibletodolaboratoryexperimentswiththem.B.Therearemoreright-handedthanleft-handedones.C.Theyareprobablynotallleft-handed.D.Therearemoreleft-handedthanright-handedones.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Noclearadvantageisshown.B.Youalwaysbelongto,thesamebloodgroup.C.Youbelongtoanimportantminority.D.Youarefreetomakeachoice.問題5選項(xiàng)A.strangeB.ordinaryC.confusingD.interesting6.單選題Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.問題1選項(xiàng)A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous7.翻譯題A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Inthemodernera,therewillbemuchtocelebratebecauseourcivilizationhasachievedbreath-takingadvancesinvirtuallyeveryfieldofhumanendeavour.Andyet,thesequantumleapsinhumanprogresscoexistwithadarkersidetoourcivilizationsuchasarmedconflict,whichmightdestroyentirecommunitiesinthequestforethnicity,religionorrace.Inthecontextofarmedconflict,childrenaretherealvictims.Manywerekilled,permanentlydisabled,displacedororphaned.Worsethanthat,someofthemarecurrentlyunderarmsaskillingmachines.Hence,theSecurityCouncilshouldsetoutitsgoal:advocatingforchildrenwhoarevictimizedormadeespeciallyvulnerable,aswellasmobilizingforconcreteactiontoensuretheirrights,protectionandwelfare.B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)在很大程度上取決于能源的供應(yīng)。中東可以開采的原油還有一萬億桶。但是1974年的石油危機(jī)使人們對(duì)煤再度產(chǎn)生了興趣并且去尋找可供選擇的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和核能將起到重大的作用。8.單選題

Don’tthisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.問題1選項(xiàng)A.relieveB.releaseC.relateD.inform9.單選題Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto（）himinhiswork.問題1選項(xiàng)A.hamperB.supportC.assistD.encourage10.翻譯題A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Theairwebreatheissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetwithoutitwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,thesameairisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryoneneedsit.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhiletheysitaroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.Othersbreatheintheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomakeamagnificentlifeforthemselves.Opportunityisthesameway.Itiseverywhere.Opportunityissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.Opportunitymustbeseizedandacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity’’,asiftheopportunitywilldoallthework.That’simpossible.Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathinginthefreshairofopportunity,however.Youmustmakeuseofthatopportunity.That’snotuptotheopportunity.That’suptoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison.Whatmattersiswhatyoudowithit.B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.如果失敗了你會(huì)怎么做？很多人可能會(huì)選擇放棄。然而，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。在通往成功的路上，你必須堅(jiān)持你的方向。它就像一盞燈，在黑暗中為你指路，幫助你度過難關(guān)。否則，你很容易就會(huì)迷失方向或猶豫不前。方向意味著目標(biāo)，人生如果沒有目標(biāo)，將一事無成。你可以試著把你的目標(biāo)寫在紙上，并制定實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃。這樣，你就會(huì)懂得如何合理安排時(shí)間，如何正確地支配時(shí)間。而且你還要有這樣的信念：只要你一直堅(jiān)持自己的方向，你就一定可以成功。11.單選題Noonecanfunctioniftheyare（）ofadequatesleep.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deprivedB.rippedC.strippedD.contrived12.單選題Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.問題1選項(xiàng)A.assistsB.acknowledgesC.advocatesD.admits13.單選題Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.問題1選項(xiàng)A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable14.單選題Itistimethatsomeonemadehim（

）oftheeffectsofhisactions.問題1選項(xiàng)A.unconsciousB.awareC.assuredD.thoughtful15.單選題Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

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3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?問題1選項(xiàng)A.becauseofsmokingB.thoughtheydon'tsmokeC.becausetheirparentssmokeD.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke問題2選項(xiàng)A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreatheinB.iftheylivetogetherC.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilitiesD.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem問題3選項(xiàng)A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.16.單選題Weareataseriousdisadvantagein（

）wehavenobodyproperlyqualifiedforthework問題1選項(xiàng)A.thisB.thatC.whichD.whom17.單選題

Ifapersonfailstoconformtoconventionalbehavior,heislikelytobebyothers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.preservedB.instructedC.avoidedD.selected18.單選題Theyaretryingto（

）thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.問題1選項(xiàng)A.exposeB.exhaustC.exhibitD.exploit19.翻譯題A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry（騎士精神）andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’，coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”，whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.中國(guó)作為文明古國(guó)，同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。中國(guó)的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來，中國(guó)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化(urbanization)步伐明顯加快，城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到近7億人，形成了一批有重要影響與發(fā)展活力的城市群，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。城市化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化都有巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。面向未來，中國(guó)致力于推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，把城鎮(zhèn)化作為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重大戰(zhàn)略。20.單選題Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.responseB.impulseC.instinctD.consciousness21.單選題Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.Inaddition,thereisthedilemmaassociatedwithconvertingat0.72.Somefinancialinstitutionsmaybeunwillingtopaythisprice,feelingthattherublewillsinkmuchloweroverthenextweek.Asaresult,conversionmayfinallycomeat0.69.These“l(fā)osses”mustbeacceptedbythecompanyasoneofthecostsofdoingbusinessoverseas.Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

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2.InFrance,tardybusinesspeople（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,conversionrates（

）.

4.Theintendedaudienceofthispassageare（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobediscussedinthenextparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.HowtoSucceedinInternationalTradeB.MonetaiyConversionC.TradeBarriersD.UniqueProblemsinInternationalTrade問題2選項(xiàng)A.areofteninsultedB.oftensufferfromcoldnessC.areoftenleftoutdoorswaitingD.areoftenaskedtopolishtheirshoes問題3選項(xiàng)A.arealwaysnotchangingB.aredeterminedbyfinancialinstitutionsC.areagreeduponbytwotradingcountriesD.varyfromdaytoday問題4選項(xiàng)A.professorsofeconomicsB.postgraduatestudentsofinternationaltradeC.beginnersofbusinessD.businesspeople問題5選項(xiàng)A.Exporttradebarriers.B.Quotasandtariffs.C.Reasonsforimposingtradingbarriers.D.Measurestobreakdowntradebarriers.22.單選題Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.問題1選項(xiàng)A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh23.單選題Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deprivedB.robbedC.rejectedD.denied24.單選題Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust（）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.問題1選項(xiàng)A.improveB.enhanceC.gearD.guarantee25.單選題Thefamousscientistwassoeasy-goingand（）thatcollegestudentslikedtotalkwithhim.問題1選項(xiàng)A.gracefulB.graciousC.grimD.glorious第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。動(dòng)詞consist表示“由......組成”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)式。詞組consistof表示“（整體）由......（部分）組成”。句意：這所大學(xué)由4個(gè)學(xué)院和25個(gè)部門組成。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。2.【答案】B【解析】句意:警察一聽到警報(bào)就馬上行動(dòng)了起來。語法題?？疾檫B詞。分析題干可知,此處需填入連詞連接前后句子。只有B項(xiàng)directly能夠作連詞，表示“一…就…”。3.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組的固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)assessment表示“評(píng)定，估價(jià)”；B選項(xiàng)access表示“進(jìn)入，通道，機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)assignment表示“分配，任務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)exception表示“例外，異議”。詞組haveaccessto可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3項(xiàng)不可與have構(gòu)成搭配。句意：估計(jì)有超過三分之一的人口沒有享受到醫(yī)療服務(wù)。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。4.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)thanksto表示“多虧；幸虧”；B項(xiàng)bymeansof表示“憑借，通過”；C項(xiàng)inlinewith表示“與……一致”；D項(xiàng)withregardto表示“關(guān)于，至于”。句意：多虧了全球食物的大流動(dòng)，這些國(guó)家已經(jīng)很多年沒有感受過任何人口的壓力。故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。5.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段“Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms...”可知，最新一項(xiàng)研究表明左撇子可能與雄激素產(chǎn)生過剩以及人體自動(dòng)防御機(jī)制缺陷有關(guān)，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)正確。原文指的是自動(dòng)防御機(jī)制缺陷而非薄弱，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與題目無關(guān)。因此，本題選擇C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。2.推理判斷題。本題詢問古今左撇子人數(shù)變化趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)原文第二段第二句“Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory”可知，雖然隨著人類發(fā)展，人口數(shù)目發(fā)生了變化，但是左撇子所占的比例幾乎維持不變。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問北極熊的相關(guān)情況。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“polarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions”可知，雖然難以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中對(duì)北極熊做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但是左撇子的北極熊更多，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)正確。原文只是說針對(duì)北極熊進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)比較少，但并不是說不可能，故A項(xiàng)與原文不符。在提及北極熊前，原文提到哺乳動(dòng)物不止人類有左撇子和右撇子之分，則說明北極熊肯定也會(huì)有這樣的區(qū)別，故C選項(xiàng)“它們可能不都是左撇子”錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題正確答案為D。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問左撇子有何優(yōu)勢(shì)。由原文第五段可知，用達(dá)爾文的話說，在以右撇子為主的人群中，左撇子肯定有一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。但這些優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么，文中并沒有提及，故A項(xiàng)正確，B、C、D均未在原文出現(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。5.詞義推斷題。將“mundane”定位到原文最后一句。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可推斷左撇子的研究雖說表面上看起來不足為奇，但是卻可能會(huì)對(duì)人類進(jìn)化帶來新的啟示。故B項(xiàng)“ordinary”更符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。6.【答案】C【解析】句意:寫作是一個(gè)緩慢的過程，需要進(jìn)行大的思考，耗費(fèi)大量的吋間并付出巨大努力?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。significant有重大意義的，顯著的；enormous巨大的，龐大的：considerable相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的；numerous眾多的，許多的,—般用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。故選C。7.【答案】A英譯中【參考譯文】在如今這個(gè)時(shí)代，會(huì)有許多事情值得慶祝，因?yàn)閹缀踉谌祟惻Φ拿恳粋€(gè)領(lǐng)域我們的文明都取得了驚人的進(jìn)展。然而，人類進(jìn)步的這些巨大飛躍與我們文明的黑暗面并存，比如武裝沖突，它可能會(huì)在尋求種族、宗教或種族的過程中摧毀整個(gè)社區(qū)。在（發(fā)生）武裝沖突的情況下，孩子們是真正的受害者。許多人被殺害、永久致殘、流離失所或者成為孤兒。比這更糟糕的是，現(xiàn)在這些孩子中的一些人被當(dāng)作殺人機(jī)器武裝了起來。因此，安全理事會(huì)應(yīng)確定自己的目標(biāo)：提倡保護(hù)受害或者特別容易受害的兒童，并動(dòng)員采取具體行動(dòng)，確保孩子們的權(quán)利、保護(hù)他們并且提供福利。B中譯英【參考譯文】Thegrowthoftradedependsonenergysuppliestoagreatextent.ThereisstillatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Butthe1974oilcrisismadepeoplereviveinterestincoalandsearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Intheyearstocome,solar,windandnuclearpowerwillplayabigrole.8.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)relieve表示“解除，減輕”；B選項(xiàng)release表示“釋放，發(fā)布”；C選項(xiàng)relate表示“涉及，關(guān)聯(lián)，認(rèn)同”；D選項(xiàng)inform表示“通知，告訴”。根據(jù)句意可知，在得到許可前切勿向大眾發(fā)布消息。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。9.【答案】A【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛”；B選項(xiàng)support“支持，維持”；C選項(xiàng)assist“幫助，參加”；D選項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì)”。句意：他們倆都看不起他，并且都試圖妨礙他工作。只有選項(xiàng)A符合語境。10.【答案】A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.【參考譯文】我們所呼吸的空氣觸手可及，以至于我們將其視為理所當(dāng)然。然而，倘若沒有空氣，我們只能存活幾分鐘。大多數(shù)情況下，每個(gè)人都能呼吸到同樣的空氣，也都需要空氣。有的人一邊坐著自怨自艾，一邊又呼吸空氣來維持生命。另一些人卻呼吸空氣，并利用空氣提供的能量為自己創(chuàng)造美好的生活。機(jī)遇也是如此。它無處不在。機(jī)遇是如此唾手可得，以至于我們將其當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然。然而，只有機(jī)遇不足以創(chuàng)造成功。為了讓機(jī)遇有價(jià)值，必須抓住機(jī)遇并采取行動(dòng)。很多人都急于抓住“先機(jī)”，好像抓住機(jī)遇就會(huì)一勞永逸，這是不可能的。正如你需要空氣來呼吸一樣，你也需要獲得成功的機(jī)遇。然而，成功不僅僅是呼吸到機(jī)遇的新鮮空氣。你必須利用所獲得的機(jī)遇。對(duì)機(jī)遇的利用不取決于機(jī)遇，而取決于你。機(jī)遇處于什么“階段”不重要，最重要的是你如何利用它。B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.【參考譯文】Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.However,thereliablewaytosuccessistoadheretoyourdirectionandgoal.Onthewaytosuccess,youmustkeepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessandhelpingyoupullthough.Otherwise,youwilleasilygetlostorhangback.Directionmeansgoals.Nothingcanbedonewithoutagoalinyourlife.Youcantrytowritedownyourgoalsandmakesomeplanstoachievethem.Inthisway,youwillknowhowtoarrangeanduseyourtimeproperly.Furthermore,youshouldhaveabeliefthatyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.11.【答案】A【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失，剝奪”，常和介詞of搭配；B選項(xiàng)rip“撕裂”；C選項(xiàng)strip“剝?nèi)ァ保籇選項(xiàng)contrive“謀劃，設(shè)法做到”。句意：如果剝奪了充足的睡眠，沒有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剝奪的意思，但是strip較普遍，多指剝削金錢，土地等物質(zhì)上的東西。而deprive除了前面的意思，還可以特指權(quán)利，勢(shì)力等東西。所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。12.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)assist表示“幫助，協(xié)助”；B項(xiàng)acknowledge表示“致謝，承認(rèn)”；C項(xiàng)advocate表示“提倡，擁護(hù)”；D項(xiàng)admit表示“承認(rèn)，容許”。根據(jù)句中against可知作者反對(duì)電子游戲，所以應(yīng)該支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：瓊斯先生強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)電子游戲，提倡關(guān)閉所有的電子游戲娛樂設(shè)施。故本題正確答案為C。13.【答案】B【解析】句意:通常，一個(gè)學(xué)生花在住房上的費(fèi)用應(yīng)控制在可支配生活費(fèi)總額的五分之一以內(nèi)。考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人滿意的；available可獲得的，可購(gòu)得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable適用的，可實(shí)施的。故B符合句意。14.【答案】B【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。unconscious“無意識(shí)的；失去知覺的”；aware“意識(shí)到的;知道的”；assured“確定的；自信的”；thoughtful“體貼的”。句意：應(yīng)該有人使他意識(shí)到他的行為的影響了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。15.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國(guó)53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項(xiàng)“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊母改肝鼰煛泵黠@錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒有意識(shí)到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因?yàn)樗麄兾胗卸镜臒煛?，故A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)原文沒有提及，C選項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)第二段第三句“甚至非吸煙者身體內(nèi)有過量的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)”可以排除。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求找出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“非吸煙者也許會(huì)被動(dòng)吸入二手煙”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可判斷正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知非吸煙者可能死于二手煙，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些非吸煙者可能因?yàn)槲譄煻烙诜伟闭_；根據(jù)第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C選項(xiàng)“我們都多多少少遭受二手煙的痛苦”正確；D選項(xiàng)“二手煙比抽煙本身傷害更大”在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。因此本題答案為D項(xiàng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)不是二手煙對(duì)孩子的消極影響。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，這些孩子比家里沒有人吸煙的更容易生病，故A選項(xiàng)正確，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三句可知，C選項(xiàng)“孩子們長(zhǎng)大了也會(huì)受二手煙的影響”正確，可排除。根據(jù)原文最后一句“父母吸煙的孩子長(zhǎng)大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸煙的孩子的兩倍多”可知，D選項(xiàng)“一些非吸煙者可能由于二手煙死于肺癌”正確，可排除。故本題正確答案為B。5.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷以下那種孩子受二手煙的傷害最大。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽煙的孩子患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”。A選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在無人抽煙的家庭的孩子”；B選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父親或母親一方抽煙的家庭的孩子”；C選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父母都抽煙的家庭的孩子”；D選項(xiàng)“5歲以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。16.【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。inthat為固定搭配，意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤?。句意：我們現(xiàn)在處于非常不利的局面，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有勝任這份工作的人選。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。17.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息failstoconformtoconventionalbehavior可知，這種行為不合常規(guī)。那么別人有可能會(huì)因此生厭，敬而遠(yuǎn)之。詞組beavoidedbyothers表示“被他人遠(yuǎn)離（或排擠）”，最符合句意，A選項(xiàng)preserved表示“保護(hù)，保存”；B選項(xiàng)instructed表示“指示，教育，指導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)表示“”；D選項(xiàng)selected表示“選擇，挑選”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)?！揪湟狻咳绻粋€(gè)人行為不合常規(guī)，那么別人很可能對(duì)他敬而遠(yuǎn)之。18.【答案】D【解析】句意:他們嘗試著通過利用工廠排出的廢物來創(chuàng)造利潤(rùn)?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。expose揭發(fā)，揭露;exhaust用完，花光，使筋疲力盡；exhibit展覽，顯示；exploit運(yùn)用。故D符合句意。19.【答案】A.按照中國(guó)農(nóng)歷，隨著春節(jié)的到來，我們將正式迎來馬年。在世界各國(guó)，馬在人類歷史上都扮演著舉足輕重的角色。數(shù)千年來，馬被用作運(yùn)輸工具、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)武器以及犁地農(nóng)具。但其實(shí)，馬不僅僅是一種交通工具，其地位要遠(yuǎn)超汽車、坦克和拖拉機(jī)。在中世紀(jì)的西方社會(huì)，馬是騎士精神和貴族的象征。實(shí)際上，騎士精神chivalry—詞來源于古法語中的“馬(cheval)”。在騎士精祌的推動(dòng)下，19世紀(jì)代表禮貌、勇氣和真誠(chéng)的“紳士粘祌”成為一種風(fēng)尚。如今，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的人很少看到馬或騎馬。尤其是城市中的人們，除了通過電影、繪畫和書籍，幾乎沒有接觸過馬。馬除了健壯的體魄外，還擁有強(qiáng)大的頭腦，這或許就是成語“老馬識(shí)途”的由來吧。馬是活力、忠誠(chéng)、毅力和智慧的象征，因此傳說屬馬之人也具備這些優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。B.China,acountryw