演示文稿第三新視野讀寫第單元講解

（優(yōu)選）第三版新視野讀寫第單元目前一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?目前二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Dr.BarrySchwartz目前三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.目前四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)6UNITSectionA

2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?目前五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可預(yù)見的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?目前六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之戰(zhàn))againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJulu目前七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)IntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestions目前八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity

aboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)目前九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，對(duì)抗的n.

aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手v.

tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse與…相匹敵；比得上

目前十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwithanempire帝國(guó)的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝國(guó)軍隊(duì)imperialpolicies帝國(guó)政策imperialpower皇權(quán)目前十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)motivatev.

1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激勵(lì)；激發(fā);

驅(qū)使;推動(dòng)…甘愿苦干；2.[oftenpassive]

tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成為…的動(dòng)機(jī)；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.目前十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Translation這個(gè)計(jì)劃旨在促使員工更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.目前十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief堅(jiān)定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；堅(jiān)信；堅(jiān)定；肯定convictionthat…3.

theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪；定罪；證明有罪convictionforsth目前十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)She'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.目前十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)validate

v.(formal)1.

toprovethatsthistrue證實(shí)；確認(rèn)；確證2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批準(zhǔn)；確認(rèn)…有效；認(rèn)可Collocations:tovalidateatheory證實(shí)理論tovalidateacontract使合同生效目前十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)conquestn.1.[sing.,

U]

theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占領(lǐng)2.[C]

anareaoflandtakenbyforce占領(lǐng)（或征服）的地區(qū)3.[C]

(usuallyhumorous)

apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（愛情方面）被俘虜?shù)娜?/p>

4.[U]

theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（對(duì)困難、危險(xiǎn)等的）控制目前十七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Collocations:theconquestofdisease戰(zhàn)勝疾病theconquestofnature對(duì)自然的征服theconquestofspace對(duì)宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.目前十八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.

XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)

(Para.3)目前十九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)目前二十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有啟迪的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)

rmationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter啟發(fā)；開導(dǎo)；闡明

Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)領(lǐng)悟〔明白〕(某事)目前二十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?請(qǐng)給我解釋一下你將來的計(jì)劃好嗎?Translation目前二十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)behavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior

行為的；行為研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblems目前二十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)profitv(formal)

togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage獲益；得到好處；對(duì)…有用（或有益）

~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI'msurethatshehasprofitedfromhermusiclessons.她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為一名職業(yè)音樂家,然而我敢肯定她從音樂課中學(xué)到很多東西。目前二十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)n.

themoneythatyoumakeinbusinessorbysellingthings,especiallyafterpayingthecostsinvolved利潤(rùn)；收益；贏利Thereisverylittleprofitinsellingnewspapersatpresent.

目前二十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthat:Transitionalparagraph(Para.4)studentscouldn’tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.目前二十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthepurposeandsignificanceoftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudentslosingmoney.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents’irrationalbehavior.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon’tseethefuturevanishingawayPartIII—(Paras.5-9)目前二十七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)preservev.1.tokeepaparticularquality,feature,etc.;tomakesurethatsthiskept保護(hù)；維護(hù)；保留2.topreventsth,especiallyfood,fromdecayingbytreatingitinaparticularway貯存；保鮮

3.[oftenpassive]

tokeepsthinitsoriginalstateingoodcondition維持…的原狀；保存；保養(yǎng)4.tokeepsb/sthalive,orsafefromharmordanger使繼續(xù)存活；保護(hù)；保全目前二十八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)fluctuatev.（大小、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等）波動(dòng)；（在…之間）起伏不定

tochangefrequentlyinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother~betweenAandBMymoodseemstofluctuatefromdaytoday.目前二十九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)protestv.1.tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenyouhavebeenaccusedofsthorwhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyou堅(jiān)決地表示；申辯

～+that-clause2.

tosayordosthtoshowthatyoudisagreewithordisapproveofsth,especiallypublicly（公開）反對(duì)；抗議

~about/against/atsthTranslationLocalfarmersprotestedagainstbuildingthenewairportontheirfarmland.當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民抗議在他們農(nóng)田上新修飛機(jī)場(chǎng)。目前三十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)cling(clung,clung)v.1.toholdontightlytosb/sth抓緊；緊握；緊抱~on/tosb/sth2.tosticktosth粘?。桓街?/p>

~tosthHeappearsdeterminedtoclingtopower.目前三十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)What’stheexperimentabout?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcuseweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.目前三十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)What’stheruleandthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Therulewasthemoremoneyyouearned,thebetterplayeryouare;2.Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.Tips目前三十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Howdidstudentslosemoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.Tips目前三十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledon’treallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.Tips目前三十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducingunnecessaryoptions.目前三十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)restorev.1.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore恢復(fù)（某種情況或感受）2.

torepairabuilding,workofart,pieceoffurniture,etc.sothatitlooksasgoodasitdidoriginally修復(fù)；整修；使復(fù)原

3.

tobringalaw,tradition,wayofworking,etc.backintouse重新采用（或?qū)嵤?；恢?fù)

4.

(formal)togivesththatwaslostorstolenbacktosb

歸還（失物、贓款等）restoreto…恢復(fù)到…

目前三十七頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Theoperationrestoredhissight

.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathpenaltyshouldberestored.Collocations:

restoretolife蘇醒過來restorecalm恢復(fù)平靜restoresb'seyesight恢復(fù)某人的視力

restorebuilding修復(fù)建筑物目前三十八頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)implementv.

tomakesththathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行；實(shí)施

synonym:carryouttoimplementchanges/decisions/policies/reformsn.

atooloraninstrument,oftenonethatisquitesimpleandthatisusedoutdoors工具；器具；（常指）簡(jiǎn)單的戶外用具agriculturalimplements目前三十九頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)delegatev.1.togivepartofyourwork,powerorauthoritytosbinalowerpositionthanyou授（權(quán)）；把（工作、權(quán)力等）委托（給下級(jí)）~sthtosb2.[usuallypassive]tochoosesbtodosth選派（某人做某事）

TranslationHeplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的權(quán)力交給副手。目前四十頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)discardv.

togetridofsththatyounolongerwantornee丟棄；拋棄I'm

going

to

discard

those

magazines

if

you've

finished

reading

them.Translation如果你看完了，我就把那些雜志扔了。目前四十一頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwiththewaypeopleorthingsseemtoberatherthanwithwhatisactuallytrue表面的；外表的2.

awayfromthecentreoraparticularpoint朝外面的；向外的

Collocations:outwardmovement向外的運(yùn)動(dòng)outwardinvestment對(duì)外投資outwardcalm外表的平靜目前四十二頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)prejudicen.[U,

C]

anunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforaperson,group,custom,etc.,especiallywhenitisbasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.偏見,成見,歧視

~(againstsb/sth)v.

toinfluencesbsothattheyhaveanunfairorunreasonableopinionaboutsb/sth使懷有（或形成）偏見

Theprosecutionlawyershavebeentryingtoprejudicethejuryagainsther.目前四十三頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10)Tipsprohibitoverbooking,Peopleshould:reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.目前四十四頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)WhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetodoaftertheexperient?(Paras.11)TipsResignfromcommitteesPruneholidaycardlistsRethinkhobbiesRememberthelessonsofdoorcloser目前四十五頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionifmoreisbetterthanless

.目前四十六頁\總數(shù)五十一頁\編于三點(diǎn)Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcar