五種基本句型和句子的主要成分專題培訓課件

主語:主語(subject)是指句子動作的發(fā)出者或執(zhí)行者；名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、V-ing,todo，句子等可以充當主語謂語：正常語序下跟在主語的后面，準確來說，謂語是動詞，也就是主語所執(zhí)行的動作。賓語：行為或動作的接受者就是賓語（object）；名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、V-ing,todo，句子等可以充當賓語定語：定語(attributive)是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。代詞、形容詞，介詞短語、句子等可以充當定語。

表語：表語（predicative)是用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的詞。名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞短語、介詞短語、句子等可以充當表語。賓語補足語：Objectcomplement，補充說明賓語的情況。形容詞、名詞、V-ing,p.p,todo,介詞等可以充當賓補。狀語：狀語(adverbial)是句子的重要修飾成分，它附加在謂語中心語的前面，從情況、時間、處所、方式、條件、對象、肯定、否定、范圍和程度等方面對謂語中心語進行修飾或限制。英語狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。副詞、形容詞、介詞短語，句子等可以充當狀語。

英語五種基本句型一S+V(主語+不及物動詞）We

study

hard.2.Mother

isworking

inthegarden.二S+V+O(主語+及物動詞+賓語）I

like

him\it.2.Todoit

requires

money.3.He

stopped

talking.3.Doing

it

needspatience.4.Mother

wants

tohavearest.5.She

said

thatshewantedtohavearest.6.He

findsiteasytolearnmath.代詞充當賓語名詞充當賓語V-ing充當賓語不定式賓語從句Whatshehassaid

didn’tmean

thatshewantedtohurtyou.S+V+P（主語+系動詞\be+表語）Iam

honest.2.Hissisterbecomes

ateacher.3.Thefoodgoes

bad.4.Themanis

outofwork.5.Theboygrows

stronger.6.Thegirlis

inthebuilding.7.Theproblemisthatwehavenotenoughtime.常見的系動詞：

go\grow\stay\feel\look\sound\taste\keep\remainThefoodtastes

delicious.Theworkremains

tobedone.Sheremains

workingintheschool.Theshopremains

closed.WhatIwanttoknow

is

whenwecangobackhome.四S+V+IO+DO(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語）Myfathergave

me

themoney.2.Mysisterbought

me

thegift.3.Ipassed

him

thebook.Myfathergavethemoneytome.Mysisterboughtthegiftforme.Ipassthebooktohim.常見的接雙賓語的詞有：

give,send,pass,tell,show,offer,bring,lend,當把直接賓語放在間接賓語前面時，中間用to隔開。2.buy,make,cook,draw,當把直接賓語放在間接賓語前面時，中間用for隔開。Hetoldthenewstome.Hemadethecakeforme.五S+V+O+OC(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語）Ifindthejobdifficult.2.Hiswordsmademeangry.3.Weelectedhimmonitor.4.Ifoundthedoorclosed.5.Ifeelhimtobehonest.6.Shelethimin.7.Iheardthechildcryingforalongtime.8.Ididn’tnoticehimcomein.省略to的動詞有：一感覺：feel二聽：hear,listento三使役：have,make,let四看見：notice,see,watch,observe.Isawhimcomeintotheroom.Isawhimcomingintotheroom.一個常用句型：therebe句型Thereisabigtree.\Therearemanytrees.Thereusedtobea