翻譯技巧詞義的選擇與引申

SelectionandExtension

I.ReviewII.IntroductiontothetechniquesoftranslationIII.SelectionofwordmeaningIV.ExtensionofwordmeaningV.SummaryVI.AssignmentsVII.Referencesforfurtherreading

TeachingProceduresTranslationandequivalenceTranslationmethodTranslationprocessandprinciplesTranslationfactorsandtreasonTranslationtheoryandtechniquesI.ReviewExperienceskillsintranslation:1.selectionofwordmeaning,2.extensionofwordmeaning,3.conversionofpartsofspeechesandsentencestructures,4.longsentencetranslation,5.paragraphandpassagetranslation,6.translationofarticlesofdifferentkindsofstyles,etc.Introductiontothetechniquesoftranslationa.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtopartsofspeeches.

1.Microprocessorsmonitortyrewearandbrakepoweroncars.(v.)

2.Thepatientwasconnectedtoatelevisionwavemonitor.(n.)3.Helikesmakingchemicalexperiments.(v.)微機(jī)檢測(cè)汽車(chē)輪胎的耐用性和制動(dòng)力。病人情況通過(guò)波形監(jiān)視器監(jiān)視。他喜歡做化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。III.Selectionofwordmeaning4.Likechargesrepeleachother,unlikechargesattract.(adj.)5.Likethehumanbrain,acomputeralsohasamemorywhereitcanstorevastquantitiesofinformation.(prep.)6.IhopeIcanoperatethemachinelikeyoudo.(conj.)

7.Allmatterssuchasiron,water,air,andthelikearemadeupofatoms.(conj.)

8.Likeenough,theshipwillarriveinport.(ad.)

同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。計(jì)算機(jī)像人腦一樣，也有一個(gè)能儲(chǔ)存大量信息的存儲(chǔ)器我希望能像你一樣操縱機(jī)器。一切物質(zhì)，例如鐵、水、空氣等，都是由原子構(gòu)成的。這艘船很可能明天進(jìn)港。III.Selectionofwordmeaning1.Thecountry’sindustryhasdevelopedquicklyinthelastdecade.

2.Todeveloptheinstrument,manyexpertswereinvited.3.Indevelopingthedesign,theengineermustapplyhisknowledgeofengineeringandmaterialscience.4.Inordertodevelopourpowerindustry,wemustproducemoreandporepowerfulgenerators.b.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtothecontext.

過(guò)去10年我國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛。為了研制這種儀器請(qǐng)了很多專(zhuān)家。在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)工程師必須運(yùn)用工程學(xué)和材料學(xué)方面的知識(shí)。為了發(fā)展我國(guó)的電力工業(yè)，我們必須生產(chǎn)越來(lái)越多的大功率發(fā)電機(jī)III.Selectionofwordmeaning5.Instrumentscapableofmeasuringmostkindsoferrorautomaticallyandmethodsoffeedingtheinformationbacktothemachines’controlshavebeendeveloped.6.Heisthelastmantocome.7.Heisthelastmantodoit.8.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.9.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.10.Heisthelastmantoconsult.11.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.

能自動(dòng)測(cè)量多種誤差的儀器，以及把信息反饋給機(jī)器控制機(jī)構(gòu)的方法已經(jīng)研制出來(lái)了。他是最后來(lái)的。他決不會(huì)干這種事。他最不配干這工作。怎么也不該怪他。根本不宜與他商量。我怎么也沒(méi)料到會(huì)在這個(gè)地方見(jiàn)到你。III.Selectionofwordmeaning1.Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.2.Chinawillnotbethefirsttousenuclearweaponsalthoughconsideredoneofthenuclearpowers.

3.16isthefourpowerof2.(27isthethirdpowerof3.)

4.Whatisthepoweroftheengine?

c.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtospeciality.

電力可以遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。盡管中國(guó)是核大國(guó)，但中國(guó)決不會(huì)首先使用核武器。16是2的4次方。（27是3的3次冪。）這臺(tái)電機(jī)的功率是多少？III.Selectionofwordmeaning1.highbeam2.highbrass3.highcurrent4.highexplosive5.highgear6.highseas7.highsummer8.highsteeld.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtocollocation.

遠(yuǎn)距離光束優(yōu)質(zhì)黃銅強(qiáng)電流烈性炸藥高速齒輪公海盛夏硬鋼III.Selectionofwordmeaning9.Totakeoffherbootsortoputthemonwasanagonytoher,butithadbeenanagonyforyears.10.Healwayssitsontheveryedgeofhischairwhenheisworking,asthoughabouttotakeoff.

11.Everymaterialtakesupspace.

12.Theelectroniccomputersaretakingoversomeofthetasksthatwereonceaccomplishedbyourownbrains,buttheyarenotreplacingus.

脫鞋或穿鞋對(duì)她是一種痛苦，但這已是多年以來(lái)的痛苦了。他工作時(shí)總是坐在椅子邊上，好象隨時(shí)都會(huì)跳起來(lái)的樣子。一切物質(zhì)都占有空間。計(jì)算機(jī)正在接替原來(lái)由人腦進(jìn)行的某些工作，但是它們不能代替人。III.Selectionofwordmeaning1.Publicopiniondemandsthatsomethingshouldbedonetoendthestrike.

2.ThecarinfrontofmesuddenlystoppedandImissedthegreen.

一、抽象詞語(yǔ)具體化眾輿論要求采取措施結(jié)束罷工。我前面的那輛車(chē)突然停了，我錯(cuò)過(guò)了綠燈。IV.Extensionofwordmeaning1.Thecharacterofthesepeopleisamixtureofthetigerandtheape.

2.Everyonehasrainandsunshine(rosesandthorns)intheirlife.

二、具體詞語(yǔ)抽象化帝國(guó)主義者的性格即殘暴，又狡猾。每個(gè)人的生活都有甜有苦。IV.Extensionofwordmeaning1.Duringthefirstpartofhislife,Lincolnwasastorekeeperandpostmaster.

2.Anetworkofhighwayswasbuiltfromcoasttocoast.

3.Hefoundthatthemercurycolumnmeasuredthepredictedheight.

4.Jetsareanewdevelopmentinaviation.

5.Theshortestdistancebetweenrawmaterialandafinishedpartiscasting.

三、改換說(shuō)法林肯早年當(dāng)過(guò)店主和郵政局長(zhǎng)。橫跨大陸建筑了一個(gè)公路網(wǎng)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)水銀柱達(dá)到了預(yù)期的高度。噴氣式飛機(jī)是航空事業(yè)上的一個(gè)新成就。死譯：原材料與成品之間最短的距離是鑄造。引伸譯：鑄造是原材料加工成成品的最簡(jiǎn)便方法。IV.Extensionofwordmeaning6.Thealternatingcurrentdoesnotknowsuchadisadvantageasthedirectcurrentdoes.

7.Ifironiskeptmoist,rustingisrapid,whichmightleadustothinkthatwaterwastheinfluencecausingthecorrosion.

死譯：交流電不知道直流電的這種缺點(diǎn)。引伸：交流電不存在直流電的這種缺點(diǎn)。死譯：如果保持潮濕，生銹就快，這可能使我們以為水是引起腐獨(dú)的影響。引伸：如果保持潮濕，生銹就快，這可能使我們以為水是引起腐獨(dú)的原因。IV.Extensionofwordmeaning8.川A跌c本re質(zhì)at嫂iv僻e兔pe織rs宿on歪w外il味l戰(zhàn)al污mo也st吐n坊ev僚er薦f怪ol邪l(fā)o戶(hù)w喪a棋se鋼t尾pa歐tt季er罷n延in哈d難ev清e(cuò)l愧op津in震g某an替i直de釘a.惠T隨o助do脆s珍o怒wo迫ul礙d合te奧nd測(cè)t兩ost涂ru邁ct懼ur演ehi釋s刊th載in染ki恭ng等a絡(luò)nd蓬m革ig舟ht允l茄im螺it色t作he犯c寬re說(shuō)at鉆io很n罪of則p挖os獸si坊bl榨e乓so科lu撐ti躲on驗(yàn)s.死譯積：一撞個(gè)有瞇創(chuàng)造租性的花人在胞形成估一種敞想法窄時(shí)，眠決不帳會(huì)按照腳一種早固定攪不變輛的方崇式行櫻事?？葸@樣控就會(huì)鳳構(gòu)選桿于限到制創(chuàng)造荒出可抹能的牲解決姜方案劑。引伸彎：一伙個(gè)有脖創(chuàng)造愛(ài)性的痛人在始形成乒一種龜想法繭時(shí)，帥決不甚會(huì)按照改一種倒固定蛋不變排的方偏式行船事。職這樣賓就會(huì)犯束縛旱他的請(qǐng)思想，熟妨礙雕他找爽出各因種解寸決方禁案。IV士.黎Ex據(jù)te捎ns載io季n兔of競(jìng)wo店rd暗m柄ea侄ni答ng1.女J夕oh換n紹wa秋s朝anag寶gr飼es染si睛vesa滋le秤sm批an湊w亞ho枕d父id屢h球is硬j妨ob齒q蘇ui松te叔w丸el壺l.2.稻H殲it億le撈r餓pu園rs吐ue疲d軌anag假gr倍es戰(zhàn)si綢vepo平li恨cy膨a吸ft密er污h菌e母se療iz祝ed責(zé)p刻ow勁er告.3.購(gòu)H洞an揀s急wa盛s耽to勞o械ob術(shù)vi酷ou惠sl套yfl游at苦te遍ri睛ngth貿(mào)e勤ge沿nt燥le膏ma光n縫by帶s融ay殃in嶺g溉he寬w說(shuō)as下t伸he詢(xún)m罷os蟻t返c國(guó)ou楊ra唇ge嫩ou偷s跑ma除n桑he制h驅(qū)ad指e威ve乒r知se妖en誼.4.繳M嫁r(nóng).鄙B宏ro刊wn抽f棗el較t不gr炒ea池tl湖yfl靜at宮te虧re桃dwh折en膀h居e咱re憐ce舌iv兔ed宵t創(chuàng)he稠i愁nv直it脅at悄io眨n糟to配d掃el救iv商er快a糾l蓬ec污tu聽(tīng)re礦.四、熟詞義首的褒和貶約翰什是個(gè)積極芹肯干蹈的推銷(xiāo)敲員，肚他工育作干愁得很萍出色定。（殲褒義?。┫Ｌ馗睦諍Z采取了當(dāng)政權(quán)傳之后級(jí)就推功行侵略政策懼。（姓貶義香）漢斯俗說(shuō)，暖這位梯先生粒是他現(xiàn)所見(jiàn)拍過(guò)的負(fù)最有崗膽識(shí)創(chuàng)的人貼。這凡種阿諛?lè)畛形疵鉀_過(guò)于抵露骨配。（跨貶義泊）布朗榴先生在接到誰(shuí)作演倒講的甲邀請(qǐng)偏時(shí)感白到非經(jīng)常榮幸。（成褒義宅）IV喬.拔Ex絲式te渠ns拐io滿(mǎn)n源of勒wo浙rd軟m割ea復(fù)ni巡壽ng5.兆I關(guān)t憲mu應(yīng)st貪h爪av頂e貼be割en秋t艙hi敘s蛋ob直vi狼ou諷s誓ai執(zhí)ml匹es赴sn趕es學(xué)s飛th種at辟l削ed傻t葛o餐mydo饑wn授fa趨ll.6.卸I兇t慈hu員s根ap鑰pe挺ar稍ed片t鑼o仙th貴em巡壽t速o稼be裳q鵲ui壺te衡f客am般il采ia內(nèi)r雄wi壞th新t議hi鄭s謊so關(guān)rt供o召f撕si斤tu專(zhuān)at為io棕n,疤a獸nd馳i菠t窗co示nf散ir車(chē)me需d鉤th錘em狗i卸n巾th屈ei艇r扇be鄙li讓ef及t訓(xùn)ha毛t蘿I徑wa幣s認(rèn)a搞th狡or籃ou潔gh仿ly泰d嫌is達(dá)re或pu溫ta煮bl緞ech師ar茄a(bǔ)c誼te傾r.7.聚I度a哲m圾a圾hi子gh言ly耽s霸u(píng)c速ce沒(méi)ss雨fu屠lst俊ud愿en暢twi句th叨a冒b訴ri瓜ll茫ia個(gè)nt慮a塘ca映de粉mi驅(qū)c歉re疑co允rd從.8.籍H頃e帶wa枕s贊Ke都rr均y緣瑞Ru職dm暗an蘿,寺33賺,館an積d牽nost參ra杯ng豆erto酒t宗ro邀ub值le宋.現(xiàn)在豪看來(lái)樓，一移定是福這種帶明顯賓的毫解無(wú)目?jī)S的的眾游逛射使我倒了姓霉。（貶扔義）這樣嗓一來(lái)也，在碑他們轟眼里小，我軌就像肯是非元常熟雷悉這弟一套紋了，因也使他們遇更加換確信僑我是鼓一個(gè)擾地地境道道景的壞蛋。（炸貶義蹲）我是款一個(gè)壯學(xué)業(yè)茂出眾劫的高腸材生釀。（因褒義闖）他叫略克里.拉德郊曼，33歲，惹事鼻生非城已不囑是一鞋次了。（目貶義柱）IV柏.腳Ex偏te綠ns綠io烏n輪of敢wo許rd曾m舊ea漂ni逐ng9.賽P亡au挑ladi鑄dn各’t朱n袖ee蔥d丟an積y皆le事ss弟on窄swh末en置i隱t弟co挎me督s丙to解o距ff匙ic指e見(jiàn)po殿li蓄ti派cs參.10朵.研He廚w歡as述a酬m剪an爐o廟f貨hi損ghre紋no趟wn疏.11民.蘇Hi席sno駛to相ri說(shuō)et賀yas舊a豈r招ak芝e理di莖d懷no閥t污co厭me竟u翅nt錄il詳h梨is研d擠ea熔th怕.12澡.隔We溝w甲er是e貌sh光oc堵ke勁d琴by夕h霉isco歸ar擺sema極nn波er騎s.說(shuō)到燥辦公手室里勞明爭(zhēng)纏暗斗每的那鮮一套蜓，波襖拉可算注是無(wú)顛師自幼通。（貶游義）他是膊位有名望的人初。（廈褒義機(jī)）他作附為流俯氓的惡名是他劣