2020年8月亞太真題

SAT

2020年8月

亞太卷

ReadingTest

65MINUTES,52QUESTIONS

TurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.

Eachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreading

eachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedor

impliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableor

graph).

Questions1-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThispassageisadaptedfromJuanGabrielVasquez,considerationorrespectforthetiesoffamilyor

Reputations.?2013byJuanGabrielVasquez.Translationfriendship(andhe'dlostquiteafewfriendsasaresult,

byAnneMcLean.?2016byAnneMcLean.Thenovel'smainandevenafewrelatives),thatverysamepoliticalclass

character,JavierMallarino,isapoliticalcartoonistwhoworkshaddecidedtoputthegigantic

foranewspaperinBogota,thecapitalcityofColombia.30Colombianmachineryofsycophancyintoaction

Ittookjustaninstanttospotthreepeoplereadingtocreateapublichomage,whichforthefirsttime

thepaper,hispaper,andhethoughtthatallthreeinhistory,andperhapsforthelast,wouldcelebrate

wouldsoonpassorhadalreadypassedtheireyesacartoonist./zThisisnotgoingtohappenagain,

UneoverthelettersofhisnameinprintandthenhisRodrigoValencia,publisherofthenewspaperforthe

5signature,thatclearuppercaseletterthatsoon35lastthreedecades,saidtohim,whenhecalled,

deterioratedintoachaosofcurvesandendedupdiligentmessenger,totellhimabouttheofficialvisit

disintegratingintoacorner.Everyoneknewthespacehe'djustreceived,theaccoladeshe'djustheard,the

wherehiscartoonhadalwaysbeen:intheverycentreintentionstheorganizershadjustrevealed.'It'san

ofthefirstpageofopinioncolumns,thatofferthafsnotgoingtoberepeated.Itwouldbesilly

10mythicplacewhereColombiansgotohatetheir40toturnitdown/

publicfiguresorfindoutwhytheylovethem.ItwaszWhosaidIwasgoingtoturnitdown?'asked

thefirstthinganyone'seyessawwhentheyreachedMallarino.

thosepages.Theblacksquare,theslenderstrokes,the"Nobody/saidValencia,"Well,Idid.BecauseI

lineoftextorbriefdialoguebeneaththeknowyou,Javier.Andsodothey,truthbetold.If

15frame:thescenethatlefthisdeskeachdayandwas45not,whywouldtheycomehereandaskmefirst?,

praised,admired,commentedon,misinterpreted,'Oh,Isee.You'rethenegotiator.You'retheone

repudiatedinacolumnofthesamenewspaperorwho'llconvinceme/

another,intheirateletterofaniratereader,ina'Moreorless/saidValencia.Hisvoicewasguttural

debateonsomemorningradioshow.Yes,itwasaanddeep,oneofthosevoicesthatgive

20terriblepower.TherewasatimewhenMallarino50ordersnaturally,orwhosedemandsareaccepted

desireditmorethananythingelseintheworld;hewithoutafuss.Heknewit;he'dgrownaccustomedto

workedhardtogetit;heenjoyeditandexploiteditchoosingthewordsthatbestsuitedhisvoice.

conscientiously.Andnowthathewassixty-five,the'TheywanttoholditintheTeatroColon,Javier,

verypoliticalclasshe'dsoattackedandhoundedandimaginethat.Don'tletthechanceslipby,don'tbean

25scornedfromhisredoubt,mockedwithout55idiot.Notforyou,don'tgetmewrong,youdon't

mattertome.Forthenewspaper/

Mallarinoletoutasnortofannoyance,"Well,let

methinkaboutit/hesaid.

zForthenewspaper/saidValencia.

Thenarrator'suseofthephrase"mythicplace”(line

60/Callmetomorrowandwelltalk/said

10)primarilyservesto

Mallarino.Andthen:"Woulditbeupstairsinthesala

Foyer?'A)implythatthenewspaper'seditorialstaff

zNo,Javier,thisiswhatI'mtryingtotellyou.underestimatesitspopularitywithitsreaders.

They'regoingtohaveitonthemainstage/B)suggestthatthenewspaper'seditorialsectionis

65zOnthemainstage?'prominentinthenationalconsciousness.

'That'swhatTmtellingyou,man.Thisthing'sC)indicatethateditorialsinthenewspaperare

serious.generallywrittenunderassumednames.

Theyconfirmeditlater-TeatroColon,mainstage,

D)emphasizethateditorialsinthenewspaperare

thethingwasserious-andtheplaceseemed

lessinterestingthantheyusedtobe.

70onlyappropriate:there,underthefrescoofthesix

muses,behindthecurtainwhereRuyBlasandRomeo

andOthelloandJulietsharedthesameenchanted

space,onthesamestagewherehe'dwitnessedso

manybeautifulartificessincehewasaThepassageindicatesthatMallarino'spolitical

75boy,fromMarcelMarceautoLifeisaDream,hecartoonstreattheirsubjectsinamannerthatis

wasnowgettingreadytoplayanartificeofhisown

A)fearlesslycritical.

creation:thefavouredson,thehonouredcitizen,the

illustriouscompatriotwithlapelswideenoughtoB)gentlyteasing.

holdasmanymedalsasnecessary.Thafswhyhe'dC)carefullyobjective.

80turneddownthetransporttheMinistryhadofferedD)overtlyflattering.

toputathisdisposal.No,thisafternoonMallarino

hadcomedowntothecityinhisoldcarandleftit

inacarparkatFifthandNineteenth:hewantedto

arriveonfoottohisownapotheosis,approachlikeBasedonthepassage,itcanreasonablybeinferred

85everybodyelse,appearsuddenlyatacornerandfeelthatMallarinoregardstherecognitionbythe

thathismerepresencemightsendatremorthroughgovernmentwith

theair,sparkconversations,makeheadsturn;heA)unease,becauseitcreatesararedisagreement

wantedtoannounce,withthissinglegesture,thathebetweenMallarinoandhispublisher.

hadn'tlostaspeckofhisoldindependence.B)bitterness,becauseMallarinohadhopedfor

officialappreciationyearsago.

C)irritation,becauseitdisruptstheanonymityin

Mallarino'sobservationsaboutthenewspaperinlineswhichMallarinopreferstowork.

1-20primarilyservetoD)skepticism!,becauseMallarinobelievesthatthe

A)suggesthisbeliefinthewidereachofhiswork.Ministry'sgesstureisinsincere

B)highlighthisprideinhisskillasanartist.

C)explainwhyhiscartoonsaremoreeffectivethan

printcolumns.

D)conveyhiswishthatreaderswouldspendmore

timeanalyzinghisart

WhichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheItcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethatin

answertothepreviousquestion?acceptingtheMinistry'shonor,Mallarinowantsto

demonstratethat

A)Lines13-19("Theblack...show")

B)Lines20-23("There...conscientiously")A)hismaingoalistoenhancethereputationofhis

newspaper.

C)Lines23-33("Andnow...cartoonist")

B)heisattendingtheceremonychieflybecauseheis

D)Lines33-38("This...revealed")

nostalgicaboutthevenue

C)hisattituderemainsunchangeddespitethe

Ministry'sovertures.

Inthepassage,ValenciaandMallarinoassumethat

D)heexpectstheMinistrytoprovethatitisserious

ValenciawasapproachedfirstbytheMinistrybecause

aboutthetribute.

theofficials

A)believedthatMallarinowouldpreferreceiving

thenewsfromacloseacquaintance.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe

B)suspectedthatMallarinowouldturndowntheanswertothepreviousquestion?

offerwithoutValencia'sintervention.

A)Lines59-61("Forthe...Mallarino")

C)hadsomedifficultycontactingMallarinoearlier

intheday.B)Lines61-62("Andthen...Foyer")

D)wereunwillingtocommunicatedirectlywithC)Lines8-83(Z/No,this...Nineteenth")

ordinarycitizenssuchasMallarino.D)Lines87-89("hewanted...independence")

E)Youmaycontactwechatkangkanglaoshil600to

askfortheanswerandvideolectureofthistest.

Asusedinline74,"witnessed“mostnearlymeans

A)recognized.

Asusedinline87,“spark“mostnearlymeans

B)observed.

C)remembered.A)aggravate.

D)confirmed.B)stimulate,

C)illuminate.

D)hasten.

Questions11-20arebasedonthefollowingThoseintheface-to-faceconditionunderestimated

passageandsupplementarymaterial.45theirpersuasivepowerswhilethoseintheemail

Thispassageisadaptedfrom"You'reLessPersuasiveconditionoverestimatedtheirsuccessrate.Both

ThanYouThinkoverEmail.”?2016byAssociationforgroupsofrequestersthoughttheycouldgetaround5

PsychologicalScience.peopleoutof10totakethesurvey.Whileemail

requestersconvincedaround10%ofpeopleto

Youjustgotassignedanewprojectatworkand

50complywiththeirrequest,face-to-facerequestsfrom

youneedtowranglesomehelpfromtherestofyour

atotalstrangerresultedinarounda70%successrate.

team.Whileitmaybetemptingtosendoutamass

Inasecondstudy,60requesterswereagain

Lineemailaskingforvolunteers,newresearchsuggests

randomlyassignedtoface-to-faceoremailconditions.

5you'remuchmorelikelytoenlisthelpbyactually

Thistime,requestersapproached

askingpeopleface-to-face.

55strangerswhohadalreadyagreedtocompletea

Acrosstwoexperiments,psychologicalscientists

questionnairefor$1.Theirtaskwastoconvincethe

M.MahdiRoghanizad(UniversityofWaterloo)and

strangerstocompleteanadditionalproofreading

VanessaBohns(CornellUniversity)foundthat

taskforfree.Again,beforemakingtheirrequests,

10peopletendtooverestimatethepersuasivenessof

participantswereaskedhowmanypeopleoutof7

requestssentoveremail,whilealsounderestimating

60theythoughtwouldagreetotakingonthesecond

theeffectivenessofrequestsmadeinperson.

freebietask.

,zzQverall,wefindpeoplearelessinfluentialthan

theythinkoveremai「"RbghanizadandBohnswrite.Targets,whohadalreadyagreedtocompletethe

paidquestionnaire,wereaskedwhethertheywould

15Acrossseveralpreviousstudies,Bohnshas

bewillingtocompletetheunpaidtask.Thepaid

foundthatpeopleconsistentlyunderestimate-bya

65questionnairewasmadeupofquestionsaboutwhy

largemargin-theirpowersofpersuasion.Acrossl2

targetshadsaidyesornotocompletingthesecond

experiments,Bohnsandcolleagueshaveaskedstudy

participantstomakerequestsofmorethantask.

Again,requestersinbothgroupspredictedthe

2014,000strangers:Whetherifsaskingtoborrowa

samesuccessrates,butthoseintheface-to-face

cellphoneorsolicitingacharitabledonation,people

70conditionmetwithfarmoresuccess.Onereasonthat

misjudgethelikelihoodthatstrangerswillsay〃yes”to

face-to-facerequestsaresomuchmoreeffectiveis

arequest.

thatpeoplefeelmoreawkwardanduncomfortable

Why?We'resofocusedonourownfeelingsof

sayingnoinperson.

25discomfortwhenaskingforafavorthatwedon't

RoghanizadandBohnsalsofoundasignificant

adequatelyaccountforthefeelingsoftheperson

乃interactionwithtrustandempathybetweenthetwo

beingasked.

conditions;targetsempathizedwithandtrusted

“Targetsfeelawkwardanduncomfortablesaying

requestersmoreintheface-to-facecondition

'no/bothbecauseofwhatitmightinsinuateabout

comparedtotheemailcondition,althoughrequesters

30therequester,andbecauseitfeelsbadtoletsomeone

predictednodifferencebetweenabrief

down,“RoghanizadandBohnsexplain.

80face-to-faceencounterandanemail.

Inthefirstexperiment,45collegestudentswere

eachassignedtoask10strangerstofilloutashort

personalitysurvey.Halfoftherequesterswere

35assignedtoaface-to-facecondition,approaching

10unknownstudentsonacollegecampus,while

theotherrequesterssentemailstostrangerschosen

outoftheuniversity'sdirectory.Inbothconditions,

requestersusedthesamescripttomakethe

40request.Beforetheygotstarted,requesterswereasked

howmanypeopletheythoughttheycouldgettofill

outthesurvey.

Theresultsconfirmedtheresearchers'hypothesis:

Figure1

AverageNumberofTargetsComplyingwithWhichchoicebestsupportstheideathatpeople's

RequestersonShortPersonalitySurveyinabilitytoaccuratelyestimatethepersuasivenessof

face-to-facerequestsholdstrueinawidevarietyof

Figure2contexts?

AverageNumberofTargetsComplyingwithA)Lines13-14('"Overall...write")

RequestersonProofreadingTask

B)Lines20-23("Whether...request")

Figuresadaptedfromkangkanglaoshi1600andVanessaKBohns,

C)Lines24-27("Why...asked")

“AskinPerson:You,reLessPersuasiveThanYouThinkoverEmail.”

?2016byElsevierIncD)Lines28-31("Targets...explain")

Asusedinline26,“accountfor"mostnearlymeans

A)consider.

B)chronicle.

C)budget.

D)balance.

Asusedinlines9and16,“found“mostnearlymeans

A)obtained.

B)encountered.

C)discovered.

D)located.

ItcanmostreasonablybeinferredfromthepassageAccordingtothepassage,atwhichpointinthe

thatthefirstexperimentwasdesignedinsuchawaysecondstudydidrequestersattempttoconvince

astoavoidthepossibilitythattargetstocompleteanadditionaltaskforfree?

A)somerequesterswouldbemorecomfortableA)Beforetargetsagreedtocompleteaquestionnaire

workingwithstrangersthanotherrequestersforasmallpayment

wouldbe.B)Beforetargetsstartedthequestionnairebutafter

B)somerequesterswouldbebetterabletoassesstheyagreedtocompleteit

theapproachabilityofthestrangerstheyselectedC)Aftertargetsstartedthequestionnairebutbefore

thanotherrequesterswouldbe.therequestersmadepredictions

C)therequestersinoneconditionwouldbemoreD)Aftertargetscompletedthequestionnaire

sociallydiversethantherequestersintheother

conditionwouldbe.

D)therequestersinoneconditionwouldbeableWhichconclusionaboutmakingaface-to-face

tocreateamoreconvincingrequestthantherequestofastrangerisbestsupportedbythepassage?

requestersintheotherconditionwouldbe.

A)Beingsensitivetoastranger'sfeelingswillhave

littleeffectonwhetherthatstrangerwillagreeto

arequest.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe

B)Followingupaface-to-facerequestwithanemail

answertothepreviousquestion?

willlikelymakeastrangerlesswillingtocomply

A)Lines32-34("Inthe...survey")witharequest.

B)Lines34-38("Half...directory")C)Thepersonalnatureofaface-to-facerequestmay

C)Lines38-40(Z/Inboth...request")helpgeneratepositivefeelingsonthepartofa

D)Lines40-42(Z/Before...survey")strangertowardtherequester.

D)Addingvariousincentivestoaface-to-face

requestmayhelptogainastranger'strustand

empathy.

Theeighthparagraph(lines43-51)primarilyservesto

A)summarizetheresultsofRoghanizadandBohns's

firstexperiment.

B)indicatethatRoghanizadandBohnscorrectly

estimatedthedegreeofparticipationbystrangers.

C)proposeanexplanationforRoghanizadand

Bohns'sfindings.

D)presentachallengetocriticsofRoghanizadand

Bohns'shypothesis.

Basedonthepassage,whichchoiceofferstheBasedonthepassagewhichchoicemostlikely

mostplausibleexplanationforthedatainfigure1explainsthedifferencebetweentheactualemail

representingemailrequests?successrateinfigureIandthatinfigure?

A)TheactualnumberoftargetswhocompliedwasA)ThetargetsinthefigureIstudywererandomly

lowerthanpredictedbecausethetargetsfeltchosenfromthestudentdirectoryandwere

comfortablerefusingtherequest.unacquaintedwiththerequesters.

B)TheactualnumberoftargetswhocompliedwasB)Thetargetswhoparticipatedinthefigure1study

lowerthanpredictedbecausethetargetswantedwereapproachedagaintoparticipateinthefigure

toavoidbeingaskedtotakeanadditionalsurvey.2study.

C)TheactualnumberoftargetswhocompliedC)Thetargetsinthefigure2studywereinitially

washigherthanpredictedbecausethetargetsunawarethattheywouldbeaskedtoperforma

anticipatedadditionalcompensationforsecond,unpaidtask

complying.D)Thetargetsinthefigure2studyhadalready

D)Theactualnumberoftargetswhocompliedwasagreedtoparticipateinthestudyforasmall

higherthanpredictedbecausethetargetshadpayment.

notseenadetailedscriptwhentheyagreedto

comply.

Questions21-31arebasedonthefollowing45male-femalepairs.Quicklythereafter,mating

passageandsupplementarymaterial.occurred,andpupswereborn.Inthe''inexperienced

ThispassageisadaptedfromLeeAlanDugatkin,Principlesfemale/7lF)treatment,IFfemaleswereremovedfrom

ofAnimalBehavior.?2009byW.W.Norton&Company,Inc.thenestattwentydaysofageandtheywereraisedin

all-femalegroupsuntiltheexperiment

Mammalsandbirdstendtobecomebetterparents50began.Inthe''experiencedfemale”(EF)treatment,

astheyproducemoreandmoreoffspring.Direct

whenEFfemalesweretwentydaysoldtheywerenot

experienceasaparent,however,isonlyoneremovedfromthenestbutratherremainedatthe

Linewaytolearnhowtobecomeasuccessfulmotherornestwiththeirpregnantmotheruntilshegavebirth

5father.Developmentalfactorsearlyinlifecanalso

againandweanedasecondbrood.Atthatpoint,EF

potentiallyaffectfutureparentalbehavior.For55femaleswereremovedfromthenestandrearedinan

example,inmanyspeciesofbirdsandmammals,all-femalegroupuntiltheexperimentbegan.

someindividualsremainintheirnatalgroup,evenAtthestartoftheexperiment,IFandEFfemales

aftertheythemselvesarecapableofreproduction,andwerepairedwithinexperiencedmales,withwhom

10theyoftenhelptheirparentsraiseadditionalbroods

theymatedandproducedoffspring,andthefemales/

ofoffspring(thatis,theyoungersiblingsofthe

60parentalactivitiesandoffspringsurvivalwere

helpers).Isitpossiblethatsuchdevelopmental

recorded.Resultssuggestthatallfemales-bothEP

experiencemayaffectsubsequentparentingsuccess

andIF-becamebetterparentsastheyproduced

inhelperswhoeventuallyleavetheirnatalterritory?

moreandmorebroodsovertime,butthekey

15SusanMargulisandhercolleaguesexaminedthis

comparisonwasbetweeninexperiencedand

possibilityinoldfieldmice(Peromyscuspolionotus).65experiencedfemalesatanygivenpointintime.

Dataonhelpingbehavioramongoldfieldmicein

Here,Margulisandhercolleaguesfoundthatthe

naturalsettingsareextremelydifficulttogather,butabroodsofexperiencedfemalessurvivedwithahigher

significantbodyofindirectevidencesuggeststhatprobabilitythanthoseofinexperiencedfemales,in

20somefemalesremainatthenestandhelptheirpartduetothesuperiornest-buildingbehavior

mothersraisethenextclutchofyoung.Forexample,70displayedbyexperiencedfemales.Theresultsindicate

naturalhistorydatasuggestthatamothercanbeboththatthedevelopmentalexperienceofbeingpresent

pregnantandnursingabroodofmice,whileanolderwhenone'smotherraisesasubsequentclutchof

broodstillremainsatthenest,providingampleoffspringhaslong-termconsequencesforparenting

25opportunityforpotentialhelperstoaidinrearing

abilities.

theiryoungersiblings(Foltz,1981).Margulistested

whether“experienced“females-thatis,femalesthat

remainedattheirparents'nestduringtherearingofa

litteroftheiryoungersiblings-weresubsequently

30bettermotherstotheirownoffspringthan

“inexperienced“femaleswhodidnotremainatthe

nestwhileyoungerbroodsofsiblingswere