2021屆寧波市四明中學高三英語上學期期末試卷及答案解析

2021屆寧波市四明中學高三英語上學期期末試卷及答案解析第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項ASongkran,ThailandThisfestivalmarkstheThaiNewYear,whichiscelebratedinthesecondweekofApril.ThisisthehottesttimeoftheyearinThailand,soitmakessensethatthebiggestSongkrantraditionistothrowwateronpeople.Thaisofallagesjoininwaterfights,usingbuckets,hoses（軟管）andwatergunstocelebratetheevent.BoryeongMudFestival,SouthKoreaDon'texpecttocomehomecleanafterexperiencingtheBoryeongMudFestivalinSouthKorea.Famousforitsmineral-richmudflats,visitorsrushtoBoryeonginJulytomakethemselvesinmud,swimingreypoolsandenjoytheparty.Thereareevenmudslidesandamudskiingcompetitionforthosewhoareseekingtheextrememudadventure!LaTomatina,SpainThefestivaldatesbacktoaparadeinwhichsomenaughtyteenagersknockedoneperformeroffhisstilts（高蹺）andcausedafightofthrowingvegetablesaccidentally.Itwasoncebanneduntil1957whenthelocalsheldaprotestwithafuneral.Theycarriedacoffincontainingahugetomatoasbandsplayedafuneralmarch.Inthefollowingdecades,LaTomatinahasbecomeapopularevent.Ifyoujointheevent,beawarethatyousquash（壓扁）thetomatobeforethrowingit.Haveagreattimebutavoidcausinganyinjury.DiadelosMuertos,MexicoBeginningatthemidnightofOctober31andlastingthroughNovember2,itisafestivalwhenfamiliesgathertogethertorememberthoselovedoneswhohavedied,aimingtohelpthemontheirspiritualjourney.Onthesedays,Mexicanfamiliespreparespecialtablesintheirhomes.Ontopofthemthey'llputphotosofthedeadandtheirfavoritefood.Theyalsovisitthegravesoftheirbelovedonestoshowtheirrespecttothedead.fyouwanttoexperienceaspecialnewyearinacountry,youcanchoosetovisit .A.Thailand B.SouthKorea C.Spain D.Mexico.WhatmayhappentoyouasavisitorinLaTomatina?A.Youcanperformstilts. B.Yourcanplayfuneralmusicinbands.C.Youmaybecoveredwithmud.D.Youmaybeattackedwithtomatoes..WhichfestivalissimilartotheTombSweepingFestivalinChina?A.Songkran. B.BoryeongMudFestival.C.LaTomatina. D.DiadelosMuertos.BSixNeanderthalswholivedinwhatisnowFrancewereeatenbytheirfellowNeanderthalssome100,000yearsago,accordingtofearfulevidenceofthecannibalistic（食人的）eventdiscoveredbyscientistsinacaveinthe1990s.Now,researchersmayhavefiguredoutwhytheNeanderthals,includingtwochildren,becamevictimsofcannibalism:Globalwarming.WhilepreviousstudieshaveexaminedNeanderthalremainstofindproofofcannibalisticbehavior,thisisthefirststudytooffercluesastowhatmayhaveledNeanderthalstobecomecannibals.ScientistsfoundthatrapidchangesinlocalecosystemsastheplanetwarmedmayhavewipedouttheanimalspeciesthatNeanderthalsate,forcingthemtolookelsewheretofilltheirstomachs.Theresearchersexaminedalayerofsediment（沉積物）inacaveknownasBaumeMoula-Guercy,insoutheasternFrance.Inthatlayer,charcoal（碳）andanimalbonesweresowell-preservedthatscientistscouldreconstructanenvironmentalpicturerepresenting120,000to130,000yearsago.Theydiscoveredthattheclimateintheareawaslikelyevenwarmerthanitistoday,andthatthechangefromacold,dryclimatetoawarmeronehappenedquickly.“Maybewithinafewgenerations”,studyco-authorEmmanuelsaid.Astheanimalsthatoncepopulatedthelandscapedisappeared,someNeanderthalsatewhattheycouldfind—theirneighbors.CannibalismisbynomeansuniquetoNeanderthals,andhasbeenpracticedbyhumansandtheirs“fromtheearlyPalaeolithictotheBronzeAgeandbeyond,”thestudyauthorsreported.ThebehavioradoptedbythestarvingNeanderthalsintheBaumeMoula-Guercyshouldthereforenotbeviewedas“amarkofbestiality（獸性）orsub-humanity”,butasanemergencyadaptationtoaperiodofsevereenvironmentalstress,accordingtothestudy..Whatdoesthestudymainlyfocuson?ThesocialbehaviorofNeanderthals.ThereasonforcannibalismamongNeanderthals.TheclimatechangeinsoutheasternFrance.Theinfluenceofglobalwarmingonancientanimals.5.WhatcanpossiblybeusedtodescribetheclimateinsoutheasternFrance120,000to130,000yearsago?Itwasnowarmerthanitistoday.Itwasfirstwarmwhilelatercoldanddry.Itschangewasmildandwentthroughquitealongprocess.Itschangeisachieffactorcontributingtocannibalism.Whichofthefollowingmightthestudyauthorsagreewith?Neanderthals’cannibalismshowedtheirbestiality.CannibalismwasactuallyameasuretheNeanderthalshadtoadopttosurvive.Neanderthals’cannibalismguaranteedtheirruleoverothertribes.OnlyNeanderthalswerefoundtohavecannibalisminhumanhistory.Wherecanyoumostpossiblyfindthispassage?A.Inasciencejournal. B.Inatravelbrochure.C.Inahistorybook. D.Inageographybook.CManyofusweredelightedtolearnthatahighschoolseniorKwasiEninwasacceptedtoalleightIvyLeagueuniversities.Tooursurprise,hewasn'texcitedasexpected,butappearedextracalm.Heannouncedthathewouldrevisittheuniversitiestofindthebestsuitableinmusicormedicine.Healsowantedtocomparetheirfinancialaidpackages.Kwasi'ssuccessstoryisrare,buthisreactionisnot.Aftertheadmissionlettersarriveathome,studentshave30daystoreallythinkaboutwhatkindofschoolwouldhelpthemgrowasaperson,whichschoolwouldbestpreparethemforthefuture,andatwhichschooltheywouldbehappiest.Andtheyalsohavetothinkaboutwhethertheycanaffordtheschooltheychoose.Buthowtoanswerthequestionsaboutwhichschoolisthebestsuitableuniversity?Someyoungpeopleareattractedtolargeuniversitieswithgreatschoolspiritandalistofofferings.Butbesidesthoseadvantages,manyoftheseuniversitiesfocusongraduateworkandresearch,withundergraduatestaughtmostlybypart-timeinstructors.Othersareattractedtosmallerboardingschoolswithdiscussion-basedclasses.Butsomeoftheseschoolswillhavemuchlimitationforstudentswhowantahigh-energycitylifeexperience.Manystudentstodayseemtothinktheyshouldpicktheuniversitywheretheywillgetthediplomathatwillhelpthemgetthemosthighlypaidjob.Thisisasadmisunderstandingofwhatacollegeeducationshouldprovide.Agoodcollegeeducationshouldpreparethemtoovercomeanydifficultyandthriveinsociety.Ithelpsthemtoformthehabitofcreativemindandspiritthatwillcontinuetodevelopfarbeyondtheiruniversityyears.Sowhenyouchoosecollege,youshouldconsiderifitisfilledwithusefullearningtohelpcreatenewspacesfordifferentpossibilitiesofgrowth.WhatcanweknowaboutKwasiEninfromparagraph1?Hewasfromaverypoorfamily.Hewouldchoosethetopuniversity.Hewastooexcitedtocalmhimselfatthegoodnews.Heconsideredhisinterestswhenchoosinghisuniversity.Whatcanyouinferfromparagraph2?Fewstudentscanbeadmittedtouniversity.ManystudentsfacethechoiceslikeKwasi.Topuniversitiesarethefirstchoiceformoststudents.Americanstudentscanaffordtheiruniversitybythemselves.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“thrive”inparagraph4?A.Fail B.Succeed C.Research D.WorkWhatshouldthebestuniversitybelikeaccordingtothetext?Verylargeandhavegoodinstructors.Smallboardingschoolswithdiscussion-basedclasses.Itwillofferthediplomatogetthemosthighlypaidjob.Itwillhelpcontinuetodevelopfarbeyonduniversityyears.DDragonboatingisateamsportthathasitsrootinancientChina.Theboatsaredecoratedwithadragonheadandtail.Inrecentyearscancersurvivorgroupshavegotinvolvedinthesporttohelpmakefriendsandhelprebuildtheirlives.OnarecentSaturdaymorning,agroupof20womenwereonaboatintheAnacostiaRiverinWashingtonDC.Theymovedtheirpaddles（船槳）inrhythmtothecallofacoach.ThewomenbelongtothedragonboatteamGoPink!DC,whichtrainsweekly.Italsoracesagainstotherbreastcancersurvivorteamsindragonboatfestivals.Asaresult,GoPink!DCwonmedalsinthisWashingtondragonboatfestival.LydiaCollinsjoinedfiveyearsagoafterfindingoutshehadbreastcancer.“Iwasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer.Iwasdemoralizedbecauseofmyillness-Ilostallinterestinlifeandwouldn'tevengetoutofbedtoeat.ButnowIlovetheteamspirit.Ijustloveeverythingaboutit.Itislikeafloatingsupportgrouponthewater.”Thepaddlesarebreastcancersurvivorsandtheirsupporters.AnnetteRothemelhelpedestablish（建立）thegroupin2006.SheisaresearcherwiththeNationalInstitutesofHealthaswellasabreastcancersurvivor.“Itissortofaneasyentrysportbecauseonthesameboatpeopleatdifferentlevelscanbedoingthesamesport.”ButMsRothemelsaysdragonboatingcanbephysicallydemanding,especiallyforsomeonewhoissickandgettingtreatmentforcancer.“It’shardbutIthinkyouhavetochallengeyourselfinlife.ThisissomethingIlookforwardto.IgettobeoutherewithmysistersandsupportersthatunderstandwhatI’mgoingthroughandhelpmotivateme.Soitmakesmestrongeranditmakesmefeelbetter,”anothercancersurvivorRhondaHartzelsaid.AnnetteRothemelsaysthecancersurvivorsfeelasenseofsisterhoodandsharegoodtimeswhentheypaddletogether.Shesaysbothfeelingsaretreasuredbytheteam.WhatdotheunderlinewordsdemoralizedInpara.3probablymean?A.depressed B.anxious C.astonished D.awkwardWhatcanweknowaboutLydiaCollimsfromthetext?shehelpsestablishGoPink!DCshetriestofindacureforthecancershebenefitsfromthedragonboatraceshegivesuphopebecauseofherillnessHowcanthedragonboatracehelpthecancersurvivorsforgettheirtoughexperiencesrecoverphysicallyandmentallygetridofthepainsoftheircancerenjoytheirrestlifewithoutsufferingsWhatdoesthetexttellusaboutAnnetteRothemel?sheisanexpertinstudyingthecauseofthecancershehelpsthecancersurvivorsinfinancialdifficultiesshebelievesthereisahealthfulresultfromthedragonboatraceshethinksitunwiseforthepatienttojoininthedragonboatrace第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Youwanttobeloved,respected,andliveahappylife.AndsodoI.___16___However,wearen'ttaughthowtogetthis.Thereisnohappinessclassatschoolandeveryone'sdefinition（定義）ofhappinessisdifferent.However,thereareseveralkeyhabitsthatyoucandeveloptobehappypeople.___17___Ifhappypeoplearewiththeirkids,theyarefullyenjoyingthatmomentintime.Theyaren'tthinkingaboutwhattheywillmakefordinnerorhowtheywillpayfortheirchildren'sschooling.Theyhangoutwithotherhappypeople.It’struethathappinessiscontagious（會傳染的）.___18___Ifyouhangoutwithpeoplethataresadandangry,you'relikelytobecomethosepeopleaswell.Makesureyousurroundyourselfwithhappy,positivepeoplethatchoosetolookatthebrightsideofthings.Theyexerciseregularly.Exerciseisgoodforhealth,bothphysicalandmentalhealth.Youdon'tneedtospendtwohoursinthegym.Justathirty-minutewalkcanbeofgreatbenefittoyourmentalhealth.___19___Theydon'tseekhappinessinthings.Theyknowapairofnewshoesoranewcarisn'twhat’sgoingtomakethemhappier.___20___Aweekendatthebeachwithgoodfriendsmeansmoretothemthananewcellphone.A.Theyliveinthemoment.B.Weallwantthesamething.C.Butsadnessandangerarecontagioustoo.D.Theydon'tcomparethemselvestoothers,E.Mostofthetime,happinessisn'tsomethingwejustwalkinto.F.Instead,happypeoplevalueexperiencesandpeopleabovethings.G.Togetthemostoutofaworkout,simplypickanactivityyouenjoy.第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項Afewmonthsago,oneofmyfellowgraduatestudentswasofferedanincrediblecareer-buildingopportunity.Hiseffortsonastudent-ledcampaigntoincreasefederalfundingforbasicresearchhad___21___aninvitationtospeakonaconferencepanel（專家組）.ItwouldlookgreatonhisCV（簡歷）.Iwas___22___forhim,ofcourse.Ihadbeena（n）___23___partnerinthecampaign.IfeltthatIdeservedthesameopportunity.YetIhadn’tbeen___24___,andIwasn’tsurewhy.Growingup,Ihadbeentaughtthatthewayto___25___wastoputmyheaddownandworkhard.Ifmyworkwasgoodenough,itwouldspeakforitselfandIwouldbe___26___.This,coupledwithanatural___27___,meantthatI___28___workedupthenervetoputmyselfforward.However,IdecidedthatIneedto___29___mylifeagain—bybecomingmyownbiggest 30 .So,withmy 31 beatingfast,Iaskedmycolleaguetoaskthepanelorganizersto 32 me.Mymindfloodedwithalistofwell-practiced 33 .MaybeIdidn'tdeserveit.MaybeIwasbeingtoo 34 .Butmycolleagueimmediatelycontactedtheorganizers,whoquicklyagreedto 35 metothepanel.I’vecometounderstandthatIcan'tberecognizedformyworkifI’minvisible.Thisisn’tarevolutionary 36 ,Iknow,butasanintrovert（內(nèi)向的人）thisismy 37 MountQomolangma.Ithinkadvocatingformyselfwillalwaysmakemealittle 38 .ButIdoplentyofotheruncomfortablethingsto 39 I’mlivingmybestlife,likegettingflushots.IsupposeIcandothesameformy 40 21.A.turneddownB.lackedfor C.referredto D.ledto22.A.thankfulB.happyC.sorryD.ready23.A.legalB.mentalC.equalD.special24.A.invitedB.promotedC.informedD.dismissed25.A.practiceB.successC.powerD.reality26.A.observedB.protectedC.attractedD.rewarded27.A.shynessB.warmthC.kindnessD.sweetness28.A.quietlyB.frequentlyC.rarelyD.completely29.A.makesenseofB.takecontrolof C.payattentiontoD.findfaultwithA.advocate B.promiseA.brain B.boneA.question B.includeC.harvest D.sacrificeC.heart D.stomachC.serve D.withdrawA.get-togetherB.backgroundC.self-doubtD.breakthroughA.stubbornB.proudC.nervousD.ambitiousA.addB.sendC.reportD.trackA.testB.ideaC.visitD.plan37.A.personalB.professionalC.skepticalD.traditionalA.unreasonableB.dishonestC.uncomfortableD.discontentA.figureB.predictC.recordD.ensureA.healthB.colleagueC.educationD.career第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Y(jié)ou’dneverthinkofrabbitsasdreadful,destructivecreatures,wouldyou?Rabbitsarecuteandlovable.However,Australiansdiscovered 41. harmthesecutecreaturescandothehardway.RabbitswereintroducedtoAustraliain1788asfoodanimals.By1827theywererunningaroundandin1859adisaster 42. (strike).Amanreleased12wildrabbitsontohisfarmforhuntingandhemusthavethoughtthatwasharmlessfun.ButAustraliahasnopredators(捕食者)adaptedtokillingrabbitsandnoneofthediseasesthatkepttheirpopulations 43. controlinEurope.By1950,therewere600millionrabbitsinAustralia.Sixhundredmillionhungryrabbitscoulddorealharm.Theycausedmoredamagethananyother 44. (species)introducedtothecontinent.Theycompetedforfoodandshelterwithnativeanimals.Theycausedtheextinctionorendangermentofnumerouscreatures.Andtheywereanightmareforcattleandsheepfarmers, 45. animalscouldn’tgetenoughgrasstoeatandstarved.Therabbitsdidsomegood,ofcourse.Theyprovidedfoodforpoorfamiliesandsupportedfurindustries.But 46. (they)impactontheenvironmentandmajorlivestockeconomywastoonegativetobeignored.Peopletriedtrappingthem.Theyevenbuiltahugewallagainstthem.Butthe 47. (effective)weaponwasavirus.___48.___(test)multipletimes,thedeadlyviruswasreleasedonAustralia’srabbitsin1950.Thevirushadbeendevelopedverycarefullytoaffectonlyrabbits.Nearly100percentoftherabbitswhocaughtthediseasedied.Populationsfell.Itwas 49. hugesuccess.Cattleandsheepfarmingrecoveredgradually,andthreatenedplantswerebetterprotected. 50. (eventual),rabbitsbecameresistanttothevirus.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(滿分10分)51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之同交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加個漏字符號(回)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處，