精選03酷熱天氣的影響及應(yīng)對(duì)(全解版)-2023年高考英語(yǔ)名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題精選

2023年高考英語(yǔ)名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題精選精選03酷熱天氣的影響及應(yīng)對(duì)熱點(diǎn)介紹熱點(diǎn)介紹1今年7月以來(lái)，受持續(xù)高溫天氣影響，四川、重慶、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出現(xiàn)不同程度旱情，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和飲水安全造成一定影響。目前，長(zhǎng)江流域多省市都陸續(xù)啟動(dòng)相應(yīng)級(jí)別的抗旱應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。根據(jù)氣象水文預(yù)測(cè)，長(zhǎng)江流域大部分地區(qū)將持續(xù)高溫少雨天氣。6月中旬以來(lái)，長(zhǎng)江流域降水由偏多轉(zhuǎn)為偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是長(zhǎng)江下游干流及鄱陽(yáng)湖水系偏少5成左右，為近10年同期最少。長(zhǎng)江委水文局長(zhǎng)江水文情報(bào)預(yù)報(bào)中心水情室主任張?。寒?dāng)前，由于來(lái)水偏少，長(zhǎng)江上游大部分控制性水庫(kù)蓄水量偏少，長(zhǎng)江中下游干流水位也呈持續(xù)消退態(tài)勢(shì)，較歷史同期大幅偏低，如漢口、大通等主要站水位當(dāng)前偏低5—6米。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，8月中下旬長(zhǎng)江流域降水仍將偏少，其中長(zhǎng)江中下游干流南部將明顯偏少。鑒于當(dāng)前旱情，水利部長(zhǎng)江委要求流域相關(guān)省市做好旱情監(jiān)測(cè)，及時(shí)發(fā)布預(yù)警，抓緊修訂完善應(yīng)急水量調(diào)度方案，有序做好抗旱水源儲(chǔ)備，同時(shí)強(qiáng)化水資源統(tǒng)一調(diào)度，加強(qiáng)水利工程和供水設(shè)施運(yùn)行管護(hù)和排查，做好抗旱應(yīng)急物資和隊(duì)伍準(zhǔn)備。據(jù)氣象水文預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái)一周，包括湖北在內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引調(diào)水工程正全線發(fā)力、抗擊旱情。目前，湖北全省約20%的地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了氣象干旱，湖北省水利部門除了調(diào)度水庫(kù)、泵站放水，還充分運(yùn)用鄂北水資源配置工程抗旱。湖北省水利廳鄂北局調(diào)度運(yùn)行部主任何永煜：目前整個(gè)調(diào)水量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了1.26億立方米，主要是向襄州、棗陽(yáng)、廣水這些縣市進(jìn)行供水。鄂北水資源配置工程是國(guó)家172項(xiàng)節(jié)水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全線試運(yùn)行。截至目前，已保障了從十堰丹江口到孝感大悟56萬(wàn)多人的飲用水以及沿線52.5萬(wàn)畝農(nóng)田灌溉用水。位于荊州市的引江濟(jì)漢工程也正加大調(diào)水力度，守護(hù)“湖北糧倉(cāng)”。目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引調(diào)水近2億立方米，其中沿長(zhǎng)江、漢江泵站日均引水5700萬(wàn)立方米。按照先生活、后生產(chǎn)、再生態(tài)的原則，千方百計(jì)滿足群眾生活飲水和農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水需求。自7月4日以來(lái)，重慶持續(xù)高溫，多地氣溫達(dá)40攝氏度以上，導(dǎo)致重慶33個(gè)區(qū)縣土壤干旱，當(dāng)?shù)囟啻氩⑴e抗旱保供水。在重慶永川區(qū)五間鎮(zhèn)，持續(xù)的高溫給當(dāng)?shù)?000多畝蔬菜帶來(lái)了不利影響。當(dāng)?shù)赝ㄟ^微灌、微噴、遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)等設(shè)備，對(duì)蔬菜增濕、降溫，改善田間小氣候。在秀山縣龍鳳壩鎮(zhèn)小蘭村，多個(gè)飲用水源點(diǎn)斷流，當(dāng)?shù)夭扇∩嫌嗡畮?kù)放水、組織群眾尋找新水源點(diǎn)和組織義務(wù)送水隊(duì)送水等方式，多措并舉解決人畜飲水需求。連日來(lái)，受持續(xù)晴熱少雨等天氣因素影響，江西鄱陽(yáng)湖水位繼續(xù)下降。截至昨天(8月12日)17時(shí)，鄱陽(yáng)湖標(biāo)志性水文站星子站水位降至10.67米，比去年同期低4.31米，湖區(qū)水體面積縮水至978平方公里。此外，撫州、吉安等29個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))出現(xiàn)重度及以上氣象干旱，預(yù)計(jì)今天，江西省中度及以上氣象干旱范圍將擴(kuò)大至68個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))，國(guó)家防總針對(duì)江西已啟動(dòng)抗旱應(yīng)急響應(yīng)，確保人飲安全，努力保障工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水需求。今年7月以來(lái)，受長(zhǎng)江上游來(lái)水減少和持續(xù)高溫少雨天氣影響，洞庭湖水位連續(xù)回落40余天，跌破24.50米的枯水水位。8月11日，在位于湖南岳陽(yáng)的洞庭湖城陵磯水文站，15根記錄水位的標(biāo)尺已有13根裸露在外，水文部門監(jiān)測(cè)到的數(shù)據(jù)顯示：當(dāng)日上午8時(shí)，洞庭湖城陵磯站水位為24.12米，較歷年同期偏低4.28米，預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)一周，在無(wú)有效降雨影響下，洞庭湖城陵磯站水位將繼續(xù)保持下降趨勢(shì)，并造成洞庭湖北部部分支流和干渠出現(xiàn)斷流現(xiàn)象。為應(yīng)對(duì)旱情，岳陽(yáng)市派出400名水利干部下到抗旱一線，指導(dǎo)群眾抗旱自救。為保障洞庭湖區(qū)居民正常生產(chǎn)生活，岳陽(yáng)市相關(guān)部門采取開閘放水、取水補(bǔ)水等措施緩解旱情。(央視網(wǎng)|2022年08月13日)題型精選題型精選2序號(hào)題型主要內(nèi)容1閱讀理解熱浪所造成的危害以及應(yīng)對(duì)的措施2閱讀理解藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成、作用以及影響因素3閱讀理解英國(guó)倫敦創(chuàng)下有史以來(lái)最高氣溫4閱讀理解氣候的不斷變化及其應(yīng)對(duì)5七選五在溫暖的天氣里,有助于保持涼爽的方法6完形填空跑步教練Mr.McGary的影響7完形填空印度的旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和的“樹木銀行”計(jì)劃一、閱讀理解1（2022·太原師范學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeenswelteringundertheworstheatwaveindecades.AnumberofpeopleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuanprovinceswerediagnosedwiththermoplegia(熱射病),themostsevereformofheatstroke,andsomeevendiedofthisdisease.Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Accordingtoastudy,thenumberofdeathscausedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,500personsperyearinthe2010s.“Overthepastfourdecades,themaindriversofthelargeincreaseinheatwave-relateddeathsinChinaaretherapidincreaseinthefrequencyofheatwaves,followedbypopulationgrowth,populationaging,andrisingbaselinemortality(基線死亡率),”saidProf.HuangCunrui,aresearcherfromTsinghuaUniversity.Hightemperatureswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachadditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecroplossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnessedarangeofextremeweatherevents,includingheavyrainfall,flooding,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorologicalofficialssaidthecountryhadanaveragetemperatureof21.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degreesCelsiushigherthanthesameperiodonaverage,andthehighestrecordforthesameperiodsince1961.Expertssaythatwhileextremesummerheatisnotentirelynew,thesesortsofoccurrencescouldbesomethingthatbecomesastandardpartoflife,requiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwavesthatmaycontinuefortherestofsummerandwellintothefuture.Rememberthatevenhealthy,youngathletescanbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivity,indoorsoroutdoors,shouldbeevaluatedwhenextremeheathits.Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lookingforshadeorremaininginshadewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Discussions.B.Studies.C.Causes.D.Dangers.2.Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingheatwave-relateddeathsinChina?A.Theagingofthepopulation.B.Thelargeramountofoutdoorworkers.4C.Theincreasingfrequencyofheatwaves.D.Theriseinthenumberofthetotalpopulation.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwavesthancities.B.Chinahaswitnessedtheworstclimateeverin2022.C.Hightemperatureshavenegativeeffectsonagriculture.D.Climatechangecontributestothedeclineininsectspecies.4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Waystodealwithextremeheat.B.Thetrendofheatwavesinthefuture.C.Theimportanceofkeepinghealthyinsummer.D.Influencesofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.【答案】1.D

2.C

3.C

4.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了自2022年夏初以來(lái)，中國(guó)一直處于幾十年來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的熱浪之下，同時(shí)文章說(shuō)明了熱浪所造成的危害以及應(yīng)對(duì)的措施。1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線詞后面的句子“Accordingtoastudy,thenumberofdeathscausedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,500personsperyearinthe2010s.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，自1979年以來(lái)，中國(guó)熱浪造成的死亡人數(shù)迅速增加，從20世紀(jì)80年代的每年3679人增加到2010年代的每年15500人。)”可知，后文解釋的是全球變暖，熱浪所帶來(lái)的的危害。故hazards與D選項(xiàng)“danger(危險(xiǎn))”為近義詞。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Overthepastfourdecades,themaindriversofthelargeincreaseinheatwave-relateddeathsinChinaaretherapidincreaseinthefrequencyofheatwaves.(過去40年里，中國(guó)與熱浪相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)大幅增加的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素是熱浪發(fā)生頻率的迅速增加。)”可知，中國(guó)與熱浪相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)大幅增加的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素是熱浪發(fā)生頻率的迅速增加。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hightemperatureswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachadditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecroplossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.(高溫會(huì)加速土壤水分的流失，損害玉米、棉花、樹木和水果的生長(zhǎng)。更重要的是，氣溫每升高一度，昆蟲對(duì)農(nóng)作物造成的損失就會(huì)增加10%至25%，威脅數(shù)十億人的糧食安全。)”可知，高溫對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)有消極的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lookingforshadeorremaininginshadewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.(在極端高溫天氣中，有一些方法可以保證安全，比如喝大量的水，外出時(shí)尋找陰涼處或待在陰涼處，避免烹飪會(huì)增加室內(nèi)溫度的大餐。)”可知，最后一段介紹的是在極端高溫天氣中，應(yīng)對(duì)極端高溫的方法。故選A。2（2022·重慶一中高三階段練習(xí)）OffthecoastofFormentera,anisland,livesseagrassthatstretches15km.Theseagrass,coveringseveralkilometers,ismadeupofasingleorganism.Thegrassesarealsolong-lived,fortensorhundredsofthousandsofyears.Seagrassmeadows,alongwithtwootherkindsofcoastalecosystems—mangroveswampsandtidalmarshesmakeforblue-carbonecosystems,whichareparticularlygoodattakingcarbondioxidefromtheair.Thatmakesallthreeecosystemsimportantforeffortstocontrolclimatechange.ThisrolewashighlightedinareportpublishedonMarch2ndbyUNESCOon“bluecarbon”—thecarboncapturedbyEarth’soceanicandcoastalecosystems.Intotalaround33billiontonnesofcarbondioxideaboutthree-quartersoftheworld’semissionsin2019arelockedawayintheplanet’sblue-carbonsinks(藍(lán)碳匯).ResearchbyCarlosDuarte,thereport’sauthorandanecologist,hasshownthatonehectare(公頃)ofseagrasscansuckasmuchcarbondioxideeachyearas15hectaresofrainforest.Onereasonwhyblue-carbonecosystemsmakesuchbigsinksisthatunderwaterforestsarethickerthantheland-basedwoods.Theycanalsotrapfloatingpiecesandorganicmatter,whichsettlesontheseafloorandcandoubletheamountofcarbonstoredaway.Theypossessanotheradvantage,too.Climatechangeisleadingtomorewildfiresaroundtheworld.Asforestsburn,theircarbonstocksaresentbackintotheatmosphere.Unlikeforestsonland,blue-carbonecosystemsdonotburn.Blue-carbonecosystemsmaynotbefired,buttheyremainaffectedbyothersortsofdisasters.InMay2020cycloneAmphandestroyed1,200squarekilometersofmangroveforest.AmarineheatwaveinAustralianwatersdamagedaroundonethirdoftheworld’slargestseagrassfieldinSharkBayin2010and2011.Mangroveforestscanweakenorcontrolwavesandprovidenaturalbarrierstostormsurges.Protectingandexpandingthem,then,appearstobeamust.5.Whatdoblue-carbonecosystemsconsistof?A.Thecarbonstoredincoastalecosystems.B.SeagrasslivingoffthecoastofFormentera.C.Along-livedsingleorganismforthousandsofyears.D.Seagrassmeadows,mangroveswampsandtidalmarshes.6.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theconcreteroleof“bluecarbon”.B.Thespecialfeaturesoftheseagrass.C.Thestorageabilityoftheblue-carbonsinks.D.Thefindingsaboutblue-carbonecosystems.7.Whycanblue-carbonecosystemsmakesuchbigsinks?A.Becausetheirforestsgrowcloselytogetherinlargenumbers.B.Becausetheyaren’tinfluencedbydisasters.C.Becausetheircarbonstocksarereleasedback.D.Becausethereismorecarboninwaterthanonland.8.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toaddbackgroundinformation.B.Togiveasuggestion.C.Tolistinfluentialexamples.D.Toofferscientificdata.【答案】5.D

6.C

7.A

8.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成、作用以及影響藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的因素。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OffthecoastofFormentera,anisland,livesseagrassthatstretches15km.Theseagrass,coveringseveralkilometers,ismadeupofasingleorganism.Thegrassesarealsolong-lived,fortensorhundredsofthousandsofyears.Alongwithtwootherkindsofcoastalecosystem—mangroveswampsandtidalmarshes—seagrassfieldsareparticularlygoodattakingcarbondioxidefromtheair.(福門特拉島海岸附近生長(zhǎng)著長(zhǎng)達(dá)15公里的海草。海草覆蓋數(shù)公里，由單一的生物組成。草的壽命也很長(zhǎng)，可以存活數(shù)萬(wàn)年或數(shù)十萬(wàn)年。和其他兩種沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——紅樹林沼澤和潮汐沼澤一樣，海草田特別擅長(zhǎng)從空氣中吸收二氧化碳)”可知，藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)由海草地、紅樹林沼澤和潮汐沼澤組成。故選D。6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisrolewashighlightedinareportpublishedonMarch2ndbyUNESCO,on“bluecarbon”—thecarbonstoredbyEarth’soceanicandcoastalecosystems.Intotalaround3,300milliontonsofcarbondioxide(aboutthree-quartersoftheworld’semissionsin2019)arelockedawayintheplanet’sblue-carbonsinks.ResearchbyCarlosDuarte,thereport’sauthorandanecologist,hasshownthatonehectareofseagrasscansuckasmuchcarbondioxideeachyearas15hectaresofrainforest.(3月2日，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織發(fā)表了一份關(guān)于“藍(lán)色碳”（地球海洋和沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)儲(chǔ)存的碳）的報(bào)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種作用。總共約33億噸二氧化碳（約占2019年全球排放量的四分之三）被鎖在地球的藍(lán)色碳匯中。該報(bào)告的作者兼生態(tài)學(xué)家CarlosDuarte的研究表明，一公頃海草每年吸收的二氧化碳相當(dāng)于15公頃雨林)”可知，第二段主要講了藍(lán)碳匯的儲(chǔ)存能力。故選C。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Onereasonthatblue-carbonecosystemsmakesucheffectivesinksisthatunderwaterforestsarethickerthantheland-basedwoods.Theycanalsotrapfloatingpiecesandorganicmatter,whichsettlesontheseafloorandcandoubletheamountofcarbonstoredaway.(藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生如此有效的碳匯的一個(gè)原因是水下森林比陸地森林更厚。它們還能捕獲漂浮在海底的碎片和有機(jī)物，從而使碳的儲(chǔ)存量增加一倍)”可知，藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能產(chǎn)生如此有效的碳匯是因?yàn)樗鼈兊纳执罅烤o密地生長(zhǎng)在一起，從而增加了碳的儲(chǔ)存能力。故選A。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Blue-carbonecosystemsmaynotbefired,buttheyremainaffectedbyothersortsofdisasters.InMay2020cycloneAmphandestroyed1,200squarekilometersofmangroveforests.AmarineheatwaveinAustralianwatersin2010and2011damagedaroundonethirdoftheworld’slargestseagrassfieldinSharkBay.Mangroveforestscanweakenorcontrolwavesandprovidenaturalbarrierstostormsurges.Protectingandexpandingthem,then,appearstobeamust.(藍(lán)碳生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可能不會(huì)被燒毀，但它們?nèi)匀皇艿狡渌愋偷臑?zāi)難的影響。2020年5月，颶風(fēng)“安潘”摧毀了1200平方公里的紅樹林。2010年和2011年，澳大利亞水域的海洋熱浪破壞了鯊魚灣約三分之一的世界最大海草場(chǎng)。紅樹林可以削弱或控制海浪，并為風(fēng)暴潮提供天然屏障。因此，保護(hù)和擴(kuò)大它們似乎是必須的)”可推知，最后一段的目的是給出建議。故選B。3（2022·四川省綿陽(yáng)南山中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試）LONDON—TheU.K.recordeditshighest-evertemperaturesTuesdaywithreadingsofover104degreesFahrenheit,asaheatwavescorchedthenationandcausedfiresaroundthecapital.Duringtheday,atleast34placesacrossthecountrybrokethepreviousrecord.SeveralblazesbrokeoutacrossLondon—includingalargefireinaresidentialarea.LondonMayorSadiqKhansaidonTwitterthatthefirebrigadewasunder“immensepressure,”andwarnedcitizenstostaysafe.Tuesdayhasbeenthesecondsuccessivedayofextremelyhotweatherinthenation.TheU.K.governmenthasdeclaredanationalemergency,whilethenationalmeteorological(氣象的)service,theMetOffice,starteditsfirst-ever“redextremeheatwarning”acrossEngland.Nationwide,schoolsandsummercampshaveclosed,hospitalshavecanceledroutinevisitsandtransporthasbeendisrupted,withmanyrailwaysandtheLondonsubwaysystemurgingcustomerstostayathome.Theheatwarped(使變形)runwaysatU.K.airportsonMonday,forcingLutonAirporttostopallflightsuntilearlyevening.TheMetofficehaswarnedagainstmeltingasphalt(瀝青)onroadsandhasadvisedcitizensnottotravel.“Inthiscountrywe’reusedtotreatingahotspellasachancetogoandplayinthesun,”saidPennyEndersby,chiefexecutiveattheMetOffice,inapressrelease.“Thisisnotthatsortofweather.”Scientistshavewarnedthatclimatechangeislikelytomakeweatherofthisseveritymorecommon.Dr.FriederikeOtto,aclimatescientistatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Itwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletoseetemperaturesof40degreesinLondonwithoutclimatechange.”9.WhatdoweknowabouttheheatinU.K.accordingtothepassage?A.Nomorethan34placesbroketheprevioustemperaturerecord.B.Tuesdaywasthefirstdayofextremelyhotweatherinthecountry.C.Thehighesttemperaturereadingswasover104degreesCelsius.D.SomefiresbrokeoutinLondonbecauseoftheburningweather.10.WhyhastheMetofficeadvisedcitizensnottotravel?A.BecausetheheatdamagedrunwaysatU.K.airports.B.Becauseofthefirst-everredextremeheatwarning.C.Becausethefirebrigadewasunderbigpressure.D.Becausetheawfulheathasmeltedasphaltonroads.11.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatDr.FriederikeOttosaid?A.Londonersareusedtoplayoutsideinthesun.B.Climatehaschangedandcausedburningweather.C.Thiskindofclimateislesslikelytohappenagain.D.Thisweatherisnotsuitabletooutdoorsactivities.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scorched”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Flooded.B.Blew.C.Burned.D.Warmed.【答案】9.D

10.D

11.B

12.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了英國(guó)倫敦周二創(chuàng)下有史以來(lái)最高氣溫一事，并講述了其不利影響。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“LONDON—TheU.K.recordeditshighest-evertemperaturesTuesdaywithreadingsofover104degreesFahrenheit(英國(guó)倫敦周二創(chuàng)下有史以來(lái)最高氣溫，讀數(shù)超過104華氏度)”和第二段中的“SeveralblazesbrokeoutacrossLondon—includingalargefireinaresidentialarea.(倫敦發(fā)生了幾起火災(zāi)，包括一個(gè)住宅區(qū)的大火)”可知，由于英國(guó)天氣炎熱，倫敦發(fā)生了一些火災(zāi)。故選D項(xiàng)。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“TheMetofficehaswarnedagainstmeltingasphalt(瀝青)onroadsandhasadvisedcitizensnottotravel.(英國(guó)氣象局警告不要在融化的瀝青道路上行進(jìn)，并建議市民不要出行)”可知，因?yàn)榭釤崛诨说缆飞系臑r青，所以英國(guó)氣象局建議市民不要出行。故選D項(xiàng)。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段Dr.FriederikeOtto說(shuō)的話“Itwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletoseetemperaturesof40degreesinLondonwithoutclimatechange.(如果沒有氣候變化，倫敦的氣溫幾乎不可能達(dá)到40度)”可知，是因?yàn)闅夂虬l(fā)生了變化，才導(dǎo)致了炎熱的天氣。故選B項(xiàng)。12.詞句猜測(cè)題。由第一段中的“LONDON—TheU.K.recordeditshighest-evertemperaturesTuesdaywithreadingsofover104degreesFahrenheit,asaheatwavescorchedthenationandcausedfiresaroundthecapital.(英國(guó)倫敦周二創(chuàng)下有史以來(lái)最高氣溫，讀數(shù)超過104華氏度，一股熱浪scorched整個(gè)國(guó)家，并在首都周圍引發(fā)火災(zāi))”和第二段中的“SeveralblazesbrokeoutacrossLondon—includingalargefireinaresidentialarea.(倫敦發(fā)生了幾起火災(zāi)，包括一個(gè)住宅區(qū)的大火)”可知，由于英國(guó)天氣炎熱，倫敦發(fā)生了一些火災(zāi)，所以是熱浪燒焦了整個(gè)國(guó)家，scorched在此處意為“燃燒、燒焦（Burned）”。故選C項(xiàng)。4（2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Greenhouse-gasemissionshaveproducedtheplanetmorethan1°C(1.8°F)warmerthanitwasinthepre-industrialdays.Itsatmosphereisproducingheavyweatherinwaysbothpredictedandsurprising.And,withemissionscontinuing,itwillgetworse.Unfortunately,2021willprobablybeoneofthe21stcentury’scoolestyears.Iftemperaturesriseby3°Cabovepre-industriallevelsinthecomingdecades—astheymightevenifeveryonemanagestohonourtoday’sfirmpromises—largepartsofthetropicsriskbecomingtoohotforoutdoorwork.CoralreefsandthelivelihoodthatdependonthemwilldisappearandtheAmazonrainforestwillbecomeaghostofitself.Severeharvestfailureswillbecommonplace.IcesheetsinAntarcticaandGreenlandwillshrink(縮小)pastthepointofnoreturn,promisingsearisesmeasurednotinmillimetres,astoday’sare,butinmetres.Sixyearsago,inParis,thecountriesoftheworldcommittedthemselvestoavoidingtheworstofthatnightmarebyremovinggreenhouse-gasemissionsquicklyenoughtoholdthetemperaturerisebelow2°C.Theirprogresstowardsthatendremainsseriouslyinadequate.Yeteveniftheireffortsincreaseddramaticallyenoughtomeetthe2°Cgoal,itwouldnotstopforestsfromburningtoday;prairies(草原)wouldstilldryouttomorrow,riversbreaktheirbanksandmountainglaciersdisappear.Cuttingemissionsisthusnotenough.Theworldalsourgentlyneedstoinvestinadaptingtothechangingclimate.Thegoodnewsisthatadaptationmakespoliticalsense.Peoplecanclearlyseetheneedforit.Whenacountryinvestsinflooddefenses,itbenefitsitsowncitizensaboveallothers—thereisnofree-riderproblem,astherecouldbeforemissionsreduction.SoAllthegovernmentsshouldmakeabroadermovetoincreaseinvestmentinadaptation.Moresucheffortsarevital.13.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Theweatherwillbecomebetterinthefuture.B.Theearthinthepre-industrialdayswaswarmer.C.Badweatherisoftencausedbygreenhousegases.D.Theappearanceofbadweatherisalwaysexpected.14.Whatwillhappenifthetemperaturerisesby3°Cabovepre-industriallevels?A.Cropswillfailalittlenowandalittlethen.B.Themeltingicewillcauseasharpriseinsealevel.C.Peoplecanstillmakealivingbyrelyingoncoralreefs.D.Itwillbetoohotforpeopletoworkoutdoorsallovertheworld.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Noneoftheinvestmentmoneycomesfromthenation.B.Thedisasterswouldbeavoidedifthe2°Cgoalcouldbemet.C.Whenacountryinvestsinflooddefenses,itsowncitizensbenefitsmost.D.Allthecountriesaretryingtoavoidtheworstresultbyreducingtheemission.16.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toanalysethepossibilityofmeetingthe2°Cgoal.B.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudygreenhouse-gasemissions.C.Toassesstheconsequencesofcuttinggreenhouse-gasemissions.D.Tocalleachcountrygovernmenttoraiseinvestmentinadaptation.【答案】13.C

14.B

15.C

16.D【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。由于溫室氣體的排放導(dǎo)致地球溫度上升，全球氣候變暖引起惡劣天氣頻發(fā)，農(nóng)業(yè)歉收，珊瑚礁消失，海平面上升等自然災(zāi)害。但是僅僅是減少溫室氣體的排放是不夠的，因此，各國(guó)政府急需投入力量去適應(yīng)不斷變化的氣候。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Greenhouse-gasemissionshaveproducedtheplanetmorethan1°C(1.8°F)warmerthanitwasinthepre-industrialdays.Itsatmosphereisproducingheavyweatherinwaysbothpredictedandsurprising.And,withemissionscontinuing,itwillgetworse.”（溫室氣體的排放使地球溫度比工業(yè)化前高出1攝氏度(1.8華氏度)。它的大氣層正在以既能預(yù)測(cè)到又令人驚訝的方式產(chǎn)生惡劣天氣。而且，隨著排放的持續(xù)，情況會(huì)變得更糟。）可知，溫室氣體的排放導(dǎo)致地球溫度上升，地球溫度上升導(dǎo)致惡劣天氣出現(xiàn)，所以惡劣天氣是由溫室氣體產(chǎn)生的。故選C。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IcesheetsinAntarcticaandGreenlandwillshrinkpastthepointofnoreturn,promisingsearisesmeasurednotinmillimetres,astoday'sare,butinmetres.”（南極洲和格陵蘭島冰川的減少將會(huì)超過了極限點(diǎn)，海平面上升不是以毫米為單位，而是以米為單位。）可知，如果氣溫比工業(yè)化前水平上升3攝氏度，融化的冰會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面急劇上升。故選B。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Whenacountryinvestsinflooddefenses,itbenefitsitsowncitizensaboveallothers.”（當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家在防洪方面投資時(shí)，它對(duì)本國(guó)公民的好處超過了其他所有人）可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家投資防洪，這個(gè)國(guó)家的公民受益最多。故選C。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SoAllthegovernmentsshouldmakeabroadermovetoincreaseinvestmentinadaptation.Moresucheffortsarevital.”（因此，所有的政府都應(yīng)該采取更廣泛的行動(dòng)，增加對(duì)適應(yīng)氣候變化的投資。更多這樣的努力至關(guān)重要）再根據(jù)全文介紹了由于溫室氣體的排放導(dǎo)致地球溫度上升，全球氣候變暖引起惡劣天氣頻發(fā)，農(nóng)業(yè)歉收，珊瑚礁消失，海平面上升等自然災(zāi)害。但是僅僅是減少溫室氣體的排放是不夠的，因此，各國(guó)政府急需投入力量去適應(yīng)不斷變化的氣候?？芍?，這篇文章的主要目的是呼吁各國(guó)政府增加對(duì)適應(yīng)氣候變化的投資。故選D。5（2022·四川省開江中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試）Keepingcoolinwarmweatherisachallenge.Risksofgettingtoohotinwarmweatherincludeavarietyofheat-relatedillnesses.Keepingyourbodycoolwillalsohelptokeepyourmoodcalmtoo,forheatoftencausesfeelingsofstressandfrustration.Therearelotsofsimpleandeffectivewaystostaycoolinwarmweather.____17____Don’twaituntilyou'rethirstytodrink.Drinkplentyofwaterbeforetakepartinanyactivities.Waterisessentialforkeepingyoucoolduringhotweather.Watershouldbedrunkevenifyoudon'tfeelthirsty.____18____;theydecreasetheabilityofyourbodytostorewater.Also,keepawayfromalcoholicdrinksandcoffee.____19____.Findfoodsthatdon’tneedtobecooked,ordon’tneedheattobecooked.Ifyoumustactuallycook,keepthecoolairin,andthetemperaturedown,byusingthemicrowaveinsteadofthestoveoroven.Forexample,youcanmicrowavefrozenvegetablesandcannedsoupinsteadofcookingthemonthestovetop.Wearsunscreen.It’sbesttolimityoursunexposurebetweenthehoursof10a.m.and4p.m.eachdayduringwarmermonths.Whenyouareoutsideduringthesetimes,protectyourselfwell.____20____.Wearlighterclothing.Lightweight,loose-fittingclothingwillhelptokeepyoucooler.Ifitislightincolor,it’sevenbetter,asthiswillreflecttheheatandsunlightbetter.____21____.Somethingthatletstheairflowfreelythrough,hittingthesweatonyourbody,worksbest.A.StayoutofthesunB.MakefoodwithoutusingthestoveC.Besides,mostofthemareveryaffordableD.Shortsandshort-sleevedshirtsaregoodchoicesE.However,stayawayfromsugarydrinkssuchassodasF.OneshoecouldbemorecomfortableorappropriatethananotherG.Whilesunscreendoesn'thaveacoolingeffect,itsprotectiveeffectisvital【答案】17.C

18.E

19.B

20.G

21.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了在溫暖的天氣里,有助于保持涼爽的幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單有效的方法。17.根據(jù)空前“Therearelotsofsimpleandeffectivewaystostaycoolinwarmweather.(有很多簡(jiǎn)單有效的方法可以讓你在溫暖的天氣里保持涼爽。)”可知，此處提到有很多簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的方法保持清涼。C選項(xiàng)“Besides,mostofthemareveryaffordable.(它們中的大多數(shù)都不貴)”，中的mostofthem指代的是前文的很多簡(jiǎn)單的方法，符合語(yǔ)境，語(yǔ)意連貫，前后文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選C。18.根據(jù)空前“Watershouldbedrunkevenifyoudon’tfeelthirsty.(即使你不覺得渴，也應(yīng)該喝水。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)要多喝水。根據(jù)空后“theydecreasetheabilityofyourbodytostorewater.Also,keepawayfromalcoholicdrinksandcoffee.(它們會(huì)降低你身體儲(chǔ)存水分的能力。此外，遠(yuǎn)離含酒精的飲料和咖啡。)”可知，下文講述了喝水需要注意的事情，含酒精的飲料和咖啡損害你身體的儲(chǔ)水能力。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。E選項(xiàng)“However,stayawayfromsugarydrinkssuchassodas.(然而，遠(yuǎn)離含糖飲料，如蘇打水)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)不要喝含糖飲料，符合語(yǔ)境，語(yǔ)意連貫，與下文是并列關(guān)系，下文的they指代“sugarydrinks”。故選E。19.空處是段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)空后“Findfoodsthatdon’tneedtobecooked,ordon’tneedheattobecooked.(找到不需要烹飪的食物，或者不需要加熱烹飪的食物。)”可知，本段建議吃不需要加熱就可以烹飪的食物。B選項(xiàng)“Makefoodwithoutusingthestove.(不用爐子做飯)”適合作本段的主題句，下文對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋。故選B。20.根據(jù)段落標(biāo)題“Wearsunscreen.(涂防曬霜)”以及空前“It’sbesttolimityoursunexposurebetweenthehoursof10a.m.and4p.m.eachdayduringwarmermonths.Whenyouareoutsideduringthesetimes,protectyourselfwell.(在溫暖的月份，在上午10點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)之間不要被太陽(yáng)曬是最好的。當(dāng)你在這些時(shí)間外出時(shí)，要保護(hù)好自己。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)在陽(yáng)光較強(qiáng)的時(shí)候外出不要忘記保護(hù)自己，要涂防曬霜。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是涂防曬霜所起到的作用。G選項(xiàng)“Whilesunscreendoesn'thaveacoolingeffect,itsprotectiveeffectisvital.(雖然防曬霜沒有降溫作用，但它的保護(hù)作用至關(guān)重要)”與前文呼應(yīng)，G項(xiàng)中的sunscreen與本段呼應(yīng)。故選G。21.根據(jù)本前文“Wearlighterclothing.Lightweight,loose-fittingclothingwillhelptokeepyoucooler.(穿輕的衣服。輕便、寬松的衣服會(huì)讓你更涼爽。)”可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是穿一些輕薄的衣服。因此D選項(xiàng)“Shortsandshort-sleevedshirtsaregoodchoices.(短褲和短袖襯衫都是不錯(cuò)的選擇)”，與此呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。二、完形填空1（2023·江蘇蘇州·高三開學(xué)考試）MyrunningcoachMcGarrytaughtuswecouldalwayswithstand(承受)more.Itwasn'tuntilmuchlaterthatI___22___allthathemeant.Anaccidenthadlefthimina___23___.Whathealwayssaidwhenweseemed___24___tocontinuewas"Youcanalwayswithstandmore.”IheadedforcollegeinnorthernNewEngland.ThenIwenttoworkinRwanda,landofathousandhills.Workingtherewasagreat___25___formebecauseIwasaflatlander(平地居民).Overtheyearsitwasrunningthat___26___me.ForyearsI'dplannedtowritetoMr.McGarryandthankhimforhis___27___impactonmylife.Buttheincidentsinmydailylife___28___me.Oneday,wordcamethathehaddiedunexpectedly.___29___thesadnews___30___formehisencouragementtodigdeeperwithinourselves.Threeyearsago,caughtina___31___inmylife,IflewtoGreenland.Greenlandwasfacingaseverecrisis:climatechangeisdestroyingtraditionallivelihoodofapopulationso___32___oniceforsurvivalandcommunitieshavetocreateanewwayoflife.IstartedarunonthehillsofGreenland'scapital.Coldrainpatteredonmyarms.That'swhenIwas___33___byanothermoreimportantlessonMr.McGarryhadtaughtme.Irealizedthathewastrainingustochangeourlives,toturnoveranew___34___.Adisastrousinjuryhad___35___himunabletorun,buthe___36___toinfluenceanothergenerationofrunnersasacoach.22.A.heldB.rememberedC.graspedD.rejected23.A.nurseryB.bedC.carD.wheelchair24.A.unableB.unconsciousC.unhealthyD.unfortunate25.A.bonusB.challengeC.blessingD.gain26.A.disappointedB.blockedC.sustainedD.opposed27.A.positiveB.negativeC.enthusiasticD.pessimistic28.A.inspiredB.arrestedC.hiredD.stopped29.A.YetB.ThusC.EvenD.Or30.A.recalledB.reviewedC.reformedD.reflected31.A.stageB.stateC.dilemmaD.situation32.A.focusedB.dependentC.basedD.keen33.A.impressedB.cheatedC.beatenD.struck34.A.leafB.periodC.statusD.label35.A.pushedB.foundC.leftD.proved36.A.happenedB.failedC.promisedD.managed【答案】22.C

23.D

24.A

25.B

26.C

27.A

28.D

29.A

30.A

31.C

32.B

33.D

34.A

35.C

36.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章通過跑步教練Mr.McGary的經(jīng)歷和我的生活態(tài)度，體現(xiàn)了跑步教練Mr.McGary給我?guī)?lái)的深遠(yuǎn)影響，以及我的感悟。22.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：直到很久以后，我才完全理解了他的意思。A.held抓?。怀钟?；B.remembered記起；C.grasped理解；D.rejected拒絕。前文提到“MyrunningcoachMcGarrytaughtuswecouldalwayswithstand(承受)more.（我的跑步教練McGary告訴我們，我們總是可以承受更多）”這是教練教給我們的道理，但很久之后“我”才能領(lǐng)悟一二。故選C。23.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一次事故使他坐上了輪椅。A.nursery托兒所；B.bed床；C.car車；D.wheelchair輪椅。最后一段倒數(shù)第三行提到“unabletorun”（無(wú)法奔跑），由此判斷，一場(chǎng)事故讓他坐上了輪椅，無(wú)法再奔跑。故選D。24.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們似乎無(wú)法繼續(xù)的時(shí)候，他總是說(shuō):“你總是可以承受更多?！盇.unable不能；B.unconscious無(wú)意識(shí)的；C.unhealthy不健康的；D.unfortunate不幸的。后文提到“Youcanalwayswithstandmore.（你總是可以承受更多。）”由此判斷，McGary教練應(yīng)該是在我們快要堅(jiān)持不下去的時(shí)候?qū)ξ覀冞M(jìn)行這樣的鼓勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì)我們繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持。故選A。25.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里工作對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)平地居民。A.bonus獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.blessing祝福；D.gain收獲。前文提到“IwenttoworkinRwanda,landofathousandhills.（我去了盧旺達(dá)工作，那里群山遍布。）”而后文提到“Iwasaflatlander（我是一個(gè)平地居民）”，由此判斷，一個(gè)生活在平地的人要去山區(qū)工作，肯定會(huì)有很多不適應(yīng)的地方，因此這對(duì)于“我”而言是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。26.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來(lái)，是跑步一直支撐著我。A.disappointed使失望；B.blocked封鎖；C.sustained支持；支撐；D.opposed反抗。前文提到“Workingtherewasagreat4formebecauseIwasaflatlander.（去群山遍布的盧旺達(dá)工作對(duì)于我一個(gè)生活在平地的人來(lái)講是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。）”同時(shí)我的跑步教練也告訴我們“Youcanalwayswithstandmore.（你總是可以承受更多。）”由此判斷，在具有挑戰(zhàn)性的地方工作時(shí)，是跑步一直支撐著“我”。故選C。27.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來(lái)，我一直打算給McGary教練寫信，感謝他對(duì)我生活的積極影響。A.positive積極的；B.negative消極的；C.enthusiastic熱情的；D.pessimistic悲觀的。前文提到“Overtheyearsitwasrunningthat5me.（這么多年，是跑步一直支撐著我。）”由此判斷，“我”多年來(lái)跑步的習(xí)慣正是源于McGary教練對(duì)“我”的積極的影響。故選A。28.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我日常生活中的一些小事阻止了我。A.inspired激發(fā)；激勵(lì)；B.arrested逮捕；C.hired租用；D.stopped阻止。前文提到“ForyearsI'dplannedtowritetoMr.McGarry（多年來(lái)，我一直打算給McGary教練寫信）”根據(jù)前文中的But（但是）可知，此處表示相反的情況，由此判斷，因?yàn)槿粘Ｐ∈碌淖璧K，“我”并沒有給教練寫信。故選D。29.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這個(gè)不幸的消息讓我想起他