英語五大句子基本結構

英語句法（一）2021/5/91一.英語句子的基本成分有8種：

主語(subject)

謂語(predicate)

賓語(object)定語(attribute)

狀語(adverbial)

補語(complement)表語(predicative)同位語(Appositive)2021/5/92主語＋不及物動詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語＋系動詞＋主語補語Sheishappy．主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語＋賓補動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.簡單句基本句型實例2021/5/93簡單句的基本詞序主語 動詞部分 賓語 狀語 （謂語） 方式 地點 時間I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.Thetaxidrivershoutedatme angrily.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.Ayounggirlwalked confidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimaway inapolicecar.2021/5/94基本句型實例1.SV(主語＋不及物動詞)Shecame.Myheadaches.Thebabyiscrying.2021/5/95基本句型實例2.SVC(主語＋系動詞＋表語)Sheishappy．Heisastudent.2021/5/96基本句型實例3.SVO(主語＋及物動詞＋賓語)ShelikesEnglish.Sheboughtaskirt.2021/5/97基本句型實例4.SVoO(主語＋動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.2021/5/98基本句型實例5.SVOC(主語＋動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語)Shemakeshermotherangry．Webelievedhimhonest.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.2021/5/99基本句型實例6.SVA(主語＋動詞＋狀語)TheyliveinLosAngeles.7.SVOA(主語+動詞+賓語+狀語)Heputthecoininhismouth.2021/5/910附屬成份基本成份的修飾語，可以是：定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。2021/5/911

句子成分隨堂練習找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分2021/5/912LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀

主謂狀Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.主謂賓Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀2021/5/913ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表IgetupearlyonSundays.

I

getup

early

onSundays.

主謂狀狀Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀2021/5/914Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂understand

aword.

謂賓Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓狀2021/5/915Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.

主謂狀連謂定賓HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.

He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.

賓定2021/5/916HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主謂狀謂賓連hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

謂

狀同位語inthecentreofAustralia.

定2021/5/917Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主謂