人們身邊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全隱患等2則外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練2023屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

外刊精讀精練人們身邊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全隱患導(dǎo)讀：近來，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全對(duì)于個(gè)人和企業(yè)來說都是一個(gè)不可忽視的問題。每個(gè)建立了網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的用戶都面臨著一個(gè)真實(shí)存在的危險(xiǎn)一被黑客攻擊，比如受到數(shù)字病毒的感染或某種形式的數(shù)據(jù)盜竊。然而說來也怪，在大多數(shù)情況下，威脅網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的始作俑者并不是計(jì)算機(jī)本身，而是使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的用戶，因?yàn)槿藗兛傇诜敢恍┛此莆⒉蛔愕?，卻常常很關(guān)鍵的錯(cuò)誤。本集《外刊精讀》介紹三個(gè)引起人們加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全意識(shí)的相關(guān)小貼土。一、語篇泛讀詞匯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和科技Vocabulary:cybersecurityandtechnology詞匯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和科技It'sadangerousworldoutthereincyberspace.Hackers,viruses,andmalware,amongothers,a11existandareveryrealthreats.A2017UKgovernmentcyber-securitybreachessurveyshowedthatinthepreceding12months,justunderhalfofthecompaniesaskedhadidentifiedanattackorbreach.Thatcouldhavebeendisastrous.Theproblemisnotthecomputers,firewallsorencryption-it'sus.Peoplearebadatfollowinggoodcyber-securityprotocol-suchasusinganeffectivepassword.We'realsoprettydumbwhenitcomestoclickingonlinksanddownloadingcontentweshouldn't,IanPratt,co-founderofcyber-securityfirmBromiumtoldtheBBC.Withthatinmind,herearethreetipstokeepyou'cyber-safe,.Passwordsareaweakness.Theidealpasswordshouldbeatleasteightcharacterslong,andcontainupperandlowercaseletters,symbolsandnumbers.Anddon'tuseacommonwordsuchas'password'."Thismakesyouvulnerabletoascrapeattack.Thisiswherehackerstakethemostcommonpasswordsandtrythemonmillionsofaccounts,"ThomasPedersenfromOneLogin,anidentityandaccessmanagementcompany,toldtheBBC.請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。Notbeingmarriedandhavingachildnolongercarriesastigmaincertainsocietiestoday.SincePhillosthisjob,he'sbeenfiguringouthowtopayforthenewcarhe'djustbought.Weallhadtoworkintenselytocompleteourassignmentsontime.Mymumhadafeelingofdespairwhenshelostherpurseandherkeystothehouse.Themuseumhasgotsobusywenowhavetoregulatethenumberofpeoplevisitingatcertaintimes.Keepyourequipmentup-to-datebyinstallingthelatestsecurityupdatesforyourcomputer-obviously.Lessobviousperhaps,isdoingsoforothertechnologyalsoconnectedtotheinternet-suchasyourrouter.ArecentstudycarriedoutbytheAmericanConsumerInstituteCentreforCitizenResearchfoundthat"fiveoutofsixroutersareinadequatelyupdatedforknownsecurityflaws."Theserequiresoftwareupdates,too.Anddon'tforgetyourothersmartdevices,suchasyoursmartTV!Finally,considerenablingmulti-factorauthenticationforyouraccounts.That'swhereamobilephoneordongleisusedtoverifyaccesstoadevice.Ifyourpasswordbecomescompromised,noaccesscanbeobtainedwithoutyoursecondauthenticationdevice...sodon'tloseyourphone!Inthefuture,biometricssuchasvoiceandfingerprintmaymakethiseasier.TheinternetiswonderfuI,butsecuritythreatsdoexist.Fortunately,withalittlecommonsenseandforethought,youcanbesecurefromthemajorityofcyber-securitythreats.二、詞匯表cyberspace網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間hacker黑客virus計(jì)算機(jī)病毒malware惡意軟件cyber-security網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的（其名詞搭配為"cybersecurity"）breach破壞、違規(guī)firewa11防火墻encryption數(shù)據(jù)加密protocol協(xié)議、協(xié)定character字符（如數(shù)字、字母、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等）vulnerable易受攻擊的scrapeattack撒網(wǎng)式密碼盜竊up-to-date最新的update更新,升級(jí)router路由器flaw漏洞muIti-factorauthentication多重身份認(rèn)證dongle軟件保護(hù)器compromised被攻破的biometrics生物特征識(shí)別技術(shù)（其形容詞為"biometric生物特征測(cè)定的"）denselyp三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)閱讀課文并答問題。閱讀課文并答問題。TrueorFalse:Therearethingswecandotobettermaintainourcybersecurity.Apartfromusingbadpasswords,whatarepeoplealsosusceptibleto?Whichdevicescanpeopleoverlookwhenupdatingsecuritysoftware?Whatistheadvantageofmulti-factorauthentication?Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'notdonetoagoodenoughstandard,?請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。Intheeventofafire,pleasefollowsafety andevacuatequicklybutsafely.breachesupdatesdonglesprotocolsdonglesprotocolsTheunknownmanmanagedto stagesecurityandattackthepopstarmid-concert.breachscrapehackflawThemajorityofemailsthesedaysaresecuredwithend-to-endmalware firewaIIsencryptionpasswordsSoon,a11transactionscouldbe .You'llbeabletopayforyourshoppingwithyourface!compromised biometricvulnerable up-to-dateIthinkthere'sasmall inyourplan.Wedon'thaveanymoneytogotothecinema!flaw attackviruscharacter【參考答案】閱讀課文并答問題。閱讀課文并答問題。TrueorFalse:Therearethingswecandotobettermaintainourcybersecurity.True.Thisarticleoffersthreesimpleideas,buttherearemanymore.Apartfromusingbadpasswords,whatarepeoplealsosusceptibleto?Peoplearesusceptibletoclickinglinksanddownloadingcontentthattheyshouldn't.Whichdevicescanpeopleoverlookwhenupdatingsecuritysoftware?Theyforgettoupdateotherdevicesthatareconnectedtotheinternet,suchasroutersandsmartTVs.Whatistheadvantageofmulti-factorauthentication?Ifyourpasswordeverbecomescompromised,noaccesscanbeobtainedwithoutyoursecondauthenticationdevice.Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'notdonetoagoodenoughstandard1?Inadequately(Fiveoutofsixroutersareinadequatelyupdatedforknownsecurityflaws.)請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。Intheeventofafire,pleasefollowsafetyprotocolsandevacuatequicklybutsafely.Theunknownmanmanagedtobreachstagesecurityandattackthepopstarmid-concert.Themajorityofemailsthesedaysaresecuredwithend-to-endencryption.Soon,alltransactionscouldbebiometric.You'llbeabletopayforyourshoppingwithyourface.Ithinkthere'sasmallflawinyourplan.Wedon'thaveanymoneytogotothecinema!孤獨(dú)的年青人導(dǎo)讀：我們生活在一個(gè)過度擁擠的地球上，人口迅速增長，總數(shù)接近80億人。盡管如此，許多人還是感到孤獨(dú)或生活處境孤立。英國廣播公司展開了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)孤獨(dú)的調(diào)查，參與這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的萬人來自世界各地近240個(gè)國家。本集《外刊精讀》分析這項(xiàng)“孤獨(dú)調(diào)查〃的結(jié)果。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:loneliness詞匯：孤獨(dú)Howlonelyareyou?Sometimeslivingaloneorbeinginaremotelocationwithnobody around to talktocan giveyou thefeelingofdespairandisolation.It's notagreat feeling. There'sacommonstereotypethatit'ssomethingthataffectsolderpeoplemore,butresearchhasfoundthatlonelinessissomethingthatcanaffectusall,whateverourage.There'safamiliarphrasethatsaysit'spossibletobelonelyinacrowd-despitebeingsurroundedbyhundredsofpeople,youthinkyouhavenobodytotalktoortoconnectwithandthatnobodywantstolistentoyouanyway.It'sprobablynottrue,butlonelinessisseenasabigproblemforthementalhealthofthepopulationwherevertheylive-somuchsothattheBritishgovernmeritevenhasaministerforloneliness.TheBBCrecentlycompletedasurveyaboutthetopicanditfoundthatpeopleagedbetween16and24experiencelonelinessmoreoftenandmoreintenselythananyotheragegroup.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofManchesterwhoanalyzedthedata,suggestedfeelinglonelymayplaguetheyoungbecauseit'satimeofidentitychange-figuringoutyourplaceintheworldandoflearningtoregulateemotions.PsychologylecturerandBBCpresenterClaudiaHammondsaysthat"it'stemptingtoconcludethatsomethingaboutmodernlifeisputtingyoungpeopleatahigherriskofloneliness,butwhenweaskedolderpeopleinoursurveyabouttheloneliesttimesintheirlives,theyalsosaiditwaswhentheywereyoung."Theissueiscertainlybeingtalkedaboutmore.AndintheUK,theMinisterforLonelinessTraceyCrouchhassaidthat"thegovernmentnowrecognizeslonelinessasoneofthebiggesthealthchallengesweface."Shealsosaidthereneedstobea"nationalconversation"toendthestigmaaboutadmittingtofeelinglonely.TheBBCLonelinessExperimeritalsofoundthetypeofcultureyouliveinhasimplicationsforloneliness.Peoplefromcultureswhichtendtoputahighvalueonindependence,suchasNorthernEuropeandtheUS,revealedtheywouldbelesslikelytotellacolleagueabouttheirloneliness.Butincultureswhereextendedfamilyisoftenemphasized,suchasinSouthernEurope,LatinAmerica,AsiaandAfrica,olderwomeninparticularwereatlowerriskoffeelinglonely.二、詞匯表despair絕望isolation孤獨(dú)，隔絕stereotype成見lonelyinacrowd即使在熱鬧處，仍感孤獨(dú)connect建立聯(lián)系mentalhealth精神健康狀態(tài)experience感受到，體會(huì)到intensely強(qiáng)烈地plague折磨，使苦惱figureout找至I」…regulateemotions控制、調(diào)節(jié)情緒modernlife現(xiàn)代生活healthchallenge健康隱患stigma恥辱implication可能的影響independence獨(dú)立extendedfamily大家庭三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)閱讀課文并回答問題。Accordingtothesurvey,whichagerangewasmostaffectedbyloneliness?TrueorfaIse?Thereismorechanceoffeelinglonelyifyouliveinaremotelocation.Whatisthoughttoleadtolonelinessamongsomeyoungpeople?WhymightolderwomeninAsiabeatalowerriskoffeelinglonely?Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'possibleeffectsorresults,?請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.Notbeingmarriedandhavingachildnolongercarriesacertainsocietiestoday.stigmaplaguestigmastereotypeculture2.SincePhillosthisjob,he'sbeenhowtopayforthenewcarstereotypeculture2.SincePhillosthisjob,he'sbeenhowtopayforthenewcarhe'djustbought.figuredoutfigureoutfiguredoutfigureoutfiguringoutfiguringupfiguringoutfiguringupWenselyindependencestereotypeisolationMymumhadafeelingofwhenshelostherpurseandherWenselyindependencestereotypeisolationMymumhadafeelingofwhenshelostherpurseandherkeystothehouse.despairingdesperatedespairingdesperatedesperationdespair5.Themuseumhasgotsobusywenowhaveto thenumberofpeoplevisitingatcerta