2022屆高考英語一輪復習練習十五：閱讀理解A（社會文化）閱讀理解B（環(huán)境與自然）七選五練習

基礎練9:閱讀理解A（社會文化）+閱讀理解B（環(huán)境與自然）

+七選五練習

-閱讀理解

主題一社會文化

A

（2020屆湖南湘東六校高三聯(lián)考）

Itiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy,anditusuallyoccurswhenthey're

meetinganotherpersonorgroupofpeople.However,anewstudyledbybodylanguageexpert

Dr.HarryWitchelshowsthisisn'talwaysthecase.

Inhisresearch,heasked44participantsaged18-35toplayageographyquizgame

consistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoftengottheanswerwrong.Seated

participantsinteractedwithacomputeraloneinaroomwhiletheirfaceswerevideorecorded.

Afterthequiz,theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceusingarangeof12

emotionsincluding"bored",interested"and"frustrated".Meanwhile,theirfacialexpressions

werethenanalyzedbycomputerframebyframeinordertojudgehowmuchtheyweresmiling

basedonascaleofOto1.

Dr.Witchelsaid,"Accordingtosomeresearchers,arealsmilereflectstheinnerstateof

cheerfulnessoramusement.However,BehavioralEcologyTheorysuggeststhatallsmilesare

toolsusedinsocialinteractions,meaningcheerfulnessisneithernecessarynorrichforsmiling.

OurstudyshowedthatintheseHuman-ComputerInteractionexperiments,smilingisn'tdriven

byhappiness;itis

associatedwithsubjectiveengagement（主觀參與），whichactslikeasocialfuelforsmiling,

evenwhensocializingwithacomputeronyourown.

Surprisingly,participantsdidn'ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingto

figureouttheanswers.However,theydidsmilerightafterthecomputergameinformedthemif

theiranswerwascorrectorwrong.Participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswer

wrong.Dr.Witcheladded:"Duringthesecomputerizedquizzes,smilingwasgreatlyincreased

justafteransweringquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehaviorcouldbeexplainedbyself-ratingsof

engagement,ratherthanbyratingsofhappinessorfrustration.

1.WhydidDr.Witchelusedifficultquestionsinthequizgame?

A.Tomakeithardforparticipantstoanswerthemcorrectly.

B.Tomaketheanswerperiodlastaslongaspossible.

C.Todiscoverthemostintelligentparticipants.

D.Tocreateastressfulsituationforparticipantsdeliberately.

2.WhatcanweinferfromwhatDr.WitchelsaidinParagraph4?

A.Otherresearchers'opinionofarealsmileisquiteright.

B.Smilesaren'tnecessarilyusefultoolsinsocialinteractions.

C.Subjectiveengagementdoesn'tmotivatesmilinginsocialinteractions.

D.Witchel'sstudyfindingisconsistentwithBehavioralEcologyTheory.

3.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?

A.Participantswereaskedtointeractwitheachotherinthequiz.

B.Participantsinthequizsmiledlessoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.

C.InDr.Witchel'sopinion,smilingisconnectedwithsubjectiveinvolvement.

D.Dr.Witchelthinksthatarealsmilereflectstheinnerstateofcheerfulness.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatContributestoRealHappiness?

B.HowtoIdentifyWhetheraPersonIsReallyHappy?

C.SmilingDoesn'tNecessarilyMeanHappiness

D.PeopleGenerallyHoldaWrongViewonHappiness

B

(2021)

TerracottaWarriorsfromXi'an,Shanxiprovince,arewell--knownworldwidefortheir

significanceinhistory.Behindtheserelics,conservator-restorersworkdayandnighttopiece

fragmentstogetherandrestoretheseancientfigures.

LanDeshengisoneoftheserestorers.HavingmajoredinculturalheritageatNorthwest

UniversityinXi'an,hehasrestoredmorethan150figuresinthepast25years.Heimagines

himselfasadoctorfromtheQinDynasty(221--206BC),thetimewhenthesewarriorswere

created.Therearemanydifferenttypesofdoctorsintheworld,butfewcouldhavediagnosed

andtreatedthoseQinwarriors,wholivedover2,000yearsago,"saidthe52-year-oldrestorer.

Overtheyears,thetechnologyusedtorestorethefigureshaschanged,butthe

fundamentalmethodsremainthesame.Abidingbytheruleofminimumintervention,Lanand

histeamtrytorestoretherelicsbyexaminingfragmentsandfittingthemintotheTerracotta

Warriorfigures.

Theprocessdemandsgreatattentiontodetailandalsoenableshimtogettoknowhis

patients"better.Lansaidthefigureshavecolorfulpaintingandsometimeseventhefingerprints

oftheartisanswhomadethefigures.Theartisans'nameswerealsocarvedintothewarriors,

butthesesignaturesmightbehardtofind.Ifyoulookcloselyatthefragments,youcansee

tracesoftheartisans'fingerprintsandcompletepalmprintsleftaftertheyheavilyslappedthe

clay.Therearealsotracesofthehairstheyshed,"saidLan.

Afterdecadesofexperience,LancanalreadytellthedifferencesbetweenworksofQin

Courtcraftsmenandthoseoflocalartisans.Withoutadoubt,patienceisessentialwhen

restoringthesefigures.Sometimesitmighttakeyearsformissingfragmentsofafiguretobe

found,ifitcaneverberecovered.Insomecases,wehavebeenunabletolocatetheremaining

partsofTerracottaWarriorsthathavebeenassembledforthepastyearortwo.Whenthis

happens,thereisnothingtodobutstopwork,"Lansaid.

Despitethesedifficulties,Lansaidthisishisidealjob.Heisproudtohavecontributedtothe

processofrestoringthesehistoricrelics.WeemploymaterialsusedintheQinDynastyto

restoreandrepairthewarriorsandtheirhorses--alegacywewillpassontothenext

generation,"hesaid.

1.WhatcanweknowaboutrestoringTerracottaWarriors?

A.Thelessinterventioninrestoration,thebetter.

B.Restorersreceivethesametrainingasdoctors.

C.Restorershavetohaveadegreeinculturalheritage.

D.Themethodshavegreatlychangedduetoadvancedtechnology.

2.WhatcouldyoufindifyouobservethefiguresofTerracottaWarriorsclosely?

A.Namesofthewarriors.

B.Thefigures'palmprints.

C.Detailsofthefigures'hair.

D.Tracesofthefiguremakersfingerprints.

3,WhyisrestoringTerracottaWarriorsdifficult?

A.Restorersaresometimesforcedtostopassembling.

B.Restorersdon'tknowwheretofindtheremainingparts.

C.Itmaytakealongtimetofindallofthemissingparts,ifever.

D.Restorershavetoworktogethertopiecefragmentstogether.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?1

A.Whyrepairingtherelicsisimportant.

B.WhatdifficultiesLanhasexperiencedinhiscareer.

C.Whatthefuturegenerationcandotorestoretherelics.

D.Howconservator-restorersrepairthefiguresofTerracottaWarriors.

主題二——時事熱點

C

（2020屆江西省上饒六校高三聯(lián)考）

Theideaofturningrecycledplasticbottlesintoclothingisnotnew.Duringthepastfive

years,alargenumberofclothingcompanies,businessesandenvironmentalorganizations

havestartedturningplasticsintofabrictodealwithplasticpollution.Butthere'saproblemwith

thismethod.Researchnowshowsthatmicrofiberscouldbethebiggestsourceofplasticinthe

sea.

Dr.MarkBrowneinSantaBarbara,California,hasbeenstudyingplasticpollutionand

microfibersfor10years.Heexplainsthateverytimesynthetic（合成的）clothesgointoa

washingmachine,alargenumberofplasticfibersfalloff.Mostwashingmachinescan'tcollect

thesemicrofibers.Soeverytimethewatergetsoutofawashingmachine,microfibersenter

thesewerandfinallyendupinthesea.

In2011,Brownewroteapaperstatingthatasinglepieceofsyntheticclothingcanproduce

morethan1,900fibersperwash.Brownecollectedsamplesfromseawaterandfreshwatersites

aroundtheworld,andusedaspecialwaytoexamineeachsample.Hediscoveredthatevery

singlewatersamplecontainedmicrofibers.

Thisisbadnewsforanumberofreasons.Plasticcancauseharmtosealifewheneaten.

Studieshavealsoshownthatplasticcanabsorbotherpollutants.

Basedonthisevidence,itmayseemsurprisingthatcompaniesandorganizationshave

chosentoturnplasticwasteintoclothingasanenvironmental"solution".Eventhoughthe

sciencehasbeenaroundforawhile,Browneexplainsthathe'shadadifficulttimegetting

companiestolisten.Whenheaskedwell-knownclothingcompaniestosupportBenignby

Design-hisresearchprojectthatseekstogetclothesthathaveabadeffectonhumansandthe

environmentoutofthemarket,Brownedidn'tgetasatisfyinganswer.

Onlyonewomen'sclothingcompany,EileenFisher,offeredBrownefunding.

1.Whathashappenedduringthepastfiveyears?

A.Fabrichasbecomemuchstronger.

B.Plasticpollutionhasbeenlessserious.

C.Manyplasticbottleshavebeenreused.

D.Microfibershavebeengreatlyimproved.

2.WhatdoesBrownethinkofwashingsyntheticclothes?

A.Itisaddingmierofiberstotheclothes.

B.Itisworseningenvironmentalproblems.

C.Itismakingsyntheticclotheslastlonger.

D.Itisdoinggreatdamagetowashingmachines.

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBrowne'sBenignbyDesignresearchproject?

A.Ithasachievedgreatsuccess.

B.Ithasn'tgotanythingdone.

C.Itisknowntoveryfewpeople.

D.Itisfacingsomedifficulties.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ItIsImportanttoLearntoRecycle

B.ItIsNeverEasytoSolvePollutionProblems

C.RecycledPlasticClothing:SolutionorPollution?

D.AreHumanBeingsMovingForwardorBackward?

D

Duringadeclineintourism,onenationalparkinThailandhaswitnessedadramaticriseinvisitorsrecently.So

manyarethehermitcrabs（寄居蟹）floodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemto

liveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.

TheThaigovernmentmovedquicklytoeasethehousingshortage,launchingapublicappealfbremptyshellsthat

nettedover200kg.OnDecember5theseweredistributedaroundtheparkinaceremony.

Hermitcrabsrelyonshellstoprotecttheirsoftbodies,movingtolargershellsastheygrow.OnKohLantaandthe

surroundingsmallerislands,theirrapidincreaseseemstobeanaturalphenomenon,ratherthandirectlyrelatedtothe

absenceoftourists.Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldas

goods.Crabshadbeguntomakedowithpotentialdeath-trapssuchasplasticcapsandbottles.

Theshelldrivewaspartofagovernmentinitiativetoregainthebalanceofnature.Ihaveinstructedallnational

parkstodowhateverittakes/saysVarawutSilpa-archa,theministerfornaturalresources.Hisinspirationcomesfrom

thepauseintourismbroughtonbyCOVID-19.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshave

helpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.Inthecoastalprovincesof

PhangNgaandPhuket,turtleshavelaidthelargestnumberofeggsfor20years.

ThegovernmenthasdecidedtotrytocopytheshortbreakforcedonitbyCOVID-19infuture.Fromnowon,all

nationalparkswillberequiredtocloseforashortperiodduringtheoffseasonandtolimitthenumberoftourists

throughareservationsystemwhentheyareopen.Althoughsuchrestrictionsmeanreducedearningsfromtourismin

theshortterm,inthelongerrunmoreparksmayhelptokeepthetouristscoming.

1.WhathappenedtothebeachesofKohLantarecently?

A.Theysawaconstantstreamoftourists.

B.Theywerepackedwithhermitcrabs.

C.Theybecamecompletelyempty.

D.Theygotfloodedbyseawater.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardshuman'sbehaviors?

A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Notmentioned.

3.WhyareturtlesmentionedinParagraph4?

A.Towarnturtlesaredyingout.

B.TostressecologicaldiversityofThailand.

C.ToillustratethebirthofVarawut'sinspiration.

D.Toprovebeachesaretheiridealhabitats.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AuthoritiesHelptoFindSheltersforHomelessHermitCrabs

B.DevelopingEconomyorProtectingAnimals?

C.GovernmentsAreResponsiblefortheBalanceofNature

D.ClosingNationalParksorDrawingMoreVisitors?

七選五閱讀

Inthisdayandage,havingsolidEnglishskillsisamust.Butifyou'vebeenlearningfora

whileanddon'tfindyourselfreallycommunicatingwithease,howdoyougetaroundthe

learningslump?

FindnativeEnglishspeakers.Incertainareasit'sthehardestthingtodo,butit'sthebest

useofyourtime.Talkingtoactualnativespeakersisthemosteffectivewaytoimproveyour

Englishskills,speakingorotherwise.1

Watchpeople.Watchhowtheirmouthsformthewords.Watchhowemotionis

communicated.Watchwheretheemphasisgoesoncertainsentencesandhowthatprovides

context.__2,takenoticeofthehumorandthefeelings,andtheformalitytheyemploy.

Slowdown.Aboveall,ifyouwanttobeunderstood,slowdown.3.It'stemptingto

getnervousandwanttospeeduptogetitalloverwith,butyoucan'tdothat!Clarityisthekey-

-forsomenativeEnglishspeakers,too!

SpeakEnglishathome.TalktoyourselfinEnglish.Narrateyouractions.Whileyou're

washingthedishes,saywhatyou'redoing,thinking,orfeeling.4,butitkeepsyour

brainthinkinginEnglishbeforeyourfirstlanguage.Onceyoucandothat,therestisjust

keepingitup.

Createopportunities.5.That'sthelazywayoflookingatit!Englishspeakersare

everywhere,andyouhavetocometothem.CallanEnglishhotline.CallupNikeandaskabout

theirsneakers.Startablog.Therearealwaysopportunitiestobehad.

A.Itsoundsalittlesillyifyougetcaught

B.Apartfromjustunderstandingtheirwords

c.Inadditiontoimitatingthegesturestheyuse

D.Theywillbepatientwithyou-don'tworry

E.Yourprogresswillbefasterthiswaythananyother

F.It'seasytocomplainyou'llneverbeexposedtoanauthenticlanguageenvironment

G.Themoreclearlyyouspeak,thebetterchanceyourlistenerhasofunderstandingyou

【答案】

A篇

［語篇解讀］人們通常認為微笑是一種開心的表現(xiàn)，然而新的研究表明，做笑可能是人們主觀參與

的自我評級，而不是開心或沮喪的判斷標準。

1.解析:選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"consistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoften

gottheanswerwrong"可知。威徹爾博士設置九個難的題目是為了讓研究對象時常答錯。

2.解析:選D推理判斷題。第四段分別介紹了行為生態(tài)學和成徹爾博士的研究得出的結果。行為

生態(tài)學認為所有的微笑都是社交互動的工具，這意味著快樂既不是微笑所必需的因素，也不足以引

發(fā)微笑。威徹爾博士的研究表明，在這些人機交互實驗中，微笑不是由快樂驅動的,而是與主觀參

與（程度）有關,這種主觀參與就如同是微笑的社交燃料。由此可以推斷出，威徹爾博士的研究

發(fā)現(xiàn)與行為生態(tài)學理論是一致的。

3.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的"itisassociatedwithsubjective

engagement（主觀參與）”可知，微笑與主觀參與（程度）有關。

4.解析:選C標題歸納題。威徹爾博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，微笑不是由快樂驅動的，微笑并不意味著開心。

A項（真正的快樂源泉是什么）不是本文主要說明的問題，本文只是說明微笑與主觀參與度有關;B項

（如何判斷一個人是否真的開心）在文章中完全沒有體現(xiàn);D項（人們普遍對快樂的認知有誤）的范圍

太大,且本文沒有具體闡明微笑與快樂的關系。

B篇

［分析］這是一篇說明文。陜西西安的兵馬俑因其在歷史上的重要意義而聞名世界。在這些文物背

后，修復者夜以繼日地將碎片拼湊起來，修復這些古老的雕像。文章以兵馬俑修復者LanDesheng

為例，講述了兵馬俑的修復工作，所面臨的困難以及Lan對這份工作的看法。

［小題1］

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第E段中"Abidingbytheruleofminimumintervention,Lanandhisteamtryto

restoretherelicsbyexaminingfragmentsandfttingthemintotheTerracottaWarrior

figures.（Lan和他的團隊遵循最小干預的原則,通過檢查碎片并將其放入兵馬俑中來修復文物）"可

知，修復兵馬俑對修復的干預越少越好。故選A。

［小題2］

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中"Lansaidthefigureshavecolorfulpaintingandsometimeseventhe

fingerprintsoftheartisanswhomadethefigures.（Lan說，這些人物有彩色的繪畫,有時甚至還有

制作這些人物的工匠的指紋）"可知，如果你仔細觀察兵馬俑，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人物制造者的指紋痕跡。

故選D

［小題3］

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"Withoutadoubt,patienceisessentialwhenrestoringthese

figures.Sometimesit......"Lansaid."可知，修復兵馬俑如此困難是因為可能需要很長時間才能找

到所有丟失的部分,如果還能找到這些丟失部分的話。故選Co

［小題4］

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一-段"TerracottaWarriorsfromXi'an,Shanxiprovince,arewell-known

worldwidefortheirfigures.結合文章以兵馬俑修復者LanDesheng為例,講述了兵馬俑的修復

工作，所面臨的困難以及Lan對這份工作的看法可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是修復人員如何修復兵

馬俑。故選D。

C篇

［語篇解讀］在過去的五年里，大量的服裝公司、企業(yè)和環(huán)保組織已經(jīng)開始將塑料變成織物來處理

塑料污染。然而合成衣物上的微纖維卻成為海洋塑料污染的最大源頭。來自加利福尼亞州圣巴巴

拉的馬克.布朗博士正對此進行研究,但他并沒有得到很多支持。

1.解析:選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二向"Duringthepastfiveyears,alargenumberof

clothingcompanies,businessesandenvironmentalorganizationshavestartedturningplastics

intofabrictodealwithplasticpollution.”可知，在過去的五年里,許多服裝公司，企業(yè)和環(huán)境組織

已經(jīng)開始將塑料轉變成織物來處理塑料污染。由此可推斷出，在過去的五年里許多塑料瓶已被重新

利用。故選C。

2.解析:選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后三句"Heexplainsthateverytimesynthetic（合成的）

clothesgointoawashingmachine,alargenumberofplasticfibersfalloff.Mostwashing

machinescan'tcollectthesemicrofibers.Soeverytimethewatergetsoutofawashing

machine,microfibersenterthesewerandfinallyendupinthesea.可知,每次用洗農(nóng)機清洗合

成纖維衣服，都會有大量塑料

纖維脫落。大多數(shù)洗衣機無法收集這些微纖維。因此，每當水從洗衣機流出時，微纖維就會進入下

水道，最終流入大海。且根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的"microfiberscouldbethebiggestsourceof

plasticinthesea"可知，這會導致環(huán)境的惡化。故選B。

3.解析:選D推理判斷題。由題干中的“BenignbyDesign"可定位到文章最后一段，根據(jù)該段倒數(shù)

第二向"Whenheaskedwell-knownclothingcompaniestosupportBenignbyDesign...Browne

didn'tgetasatisfyinganswer."可知,當布朗要求知名服裝公司支持自己的研究項目Benignby

Design時，他并沒有得到令人滿意的答案。由此可知，布朗的BenignbyDesign這個研究項目

正面臨一些困難。故選D。

4.解析:選C標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，在過去的五年里，大量的服裝公司、企業(yè)和環(huán)保組織已

經(jīng)開始將塑料變成織物來處理塑科污染。但研究表明，微纖維可能是海洋中塑料的最大來源，故