最新托福語法資料基礎(chǔ)語法-第二章非謂語動詞和謂語課件

TOEFL&IELTS長難句精講第二章非謂語動詞和謂語動詞2.1非謂語動詞

3種：動詞不定式，動詞的分詞和動名詞不定式分詞動名詞動詞原形：study帶to的不定式：tostudy例子：ScottlikedtostudyEnglish.現(xiàn)在分詞：studying；過去分詞：studied例子：Scottisstudying.例子：Englishshouldbecarefullystudied.例子：Scottenjoysstudying.2.1.1不定式

a.名詞不定式Totakeatriparoundtheworldismydream.Iwanttoseehim.Myplanistoseeher.主語賓語表語不定式做主語，可用形式主語It取代

Itismydreamtotakeatriparoundtheworld.名詞不定式：it+賓補+名詞不定式Ithinkitinterestingtohike.Imakeitahabittogetupearly.b.形容詞不定式

形容詞不定式一般采取后位修飾，修飾前面的名詞或代詞Ihavesomehomeworktodo.Ihavenodesiretoarguewithhim.Thereissomethingtodo.注意1：Thereissomethingtodo.Thereissomethingtobedone.

（強調(diào)被動的概念）注意2：Myplanistoseemylittlebrother.（既可以看作名詞也可以看作形容詞不定式）c.副詞不定式

Hecame

toseeme.Hesangasongtopleaseher.Heisable

tohandlethistoughmatter.Scottisapt

tolie.Mysonisoldenough

togotoschool.Heistoooldtoswim.修飾動詞修飾形容詞修飾副詞2.1.2分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞（V+ing）和過去分詞（V+ed）助動詞+分詞復合謂語分詞的用法

1.分詞可以作為形容詞用表主動/被動的概念

表進行/完成的概念Theretiringprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom.Theretiredworkertookatripallaroundtheworld.Thismovieisprettyexciting.IwasexcitedwhenIwatchedthemovie.2.分詞可作名詞使用

Thewoundedwererushedintothehospital.

Theunexpectedhashappened.3.分詞可做副詞用Itisfreezingcoldtoday.Theteaisboilinghot.2.1.3動名詞

動名詞的形態(tài)與現(xiàn)在分詞完全一樣；動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中也可以作主語、賓語及表語1.動名詞作主語

Playingwithhimisfun.

Seeing

isbelieving.

動名詞構(gòu)成的主語一般表示單數(shù)。例如：

Helpingothersgivesmegreatpleasure.2.動名詞作表語Seeingisbelieving.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.注意動名詞作表語和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：Heisdancing.（表正在發(fā)生的動作）Hishobbyisdancing.（表示一種狀態(tài)）若“AisB=BisA”，V+ing是動名詞，否則即為現(xiàn)在分詞3.動名詞作賓語Ilikeddancing.Somebodydoesnotenjoysinging.Heisfondoftalkingalot.Hisillnesspreventedusfromstartingourownbusiness.

4.名詞性從句改寫成動名詞的所有格形式

Thatheteacheswelliswell-known.

Histeachingwelliswell-known.Ibelievethathestudieshard.Ibelievehisstudyinghard.2.2謂語動詞

主要由實義動詞充當，可單獨當謂語；be動詞和某些動詞短語也可以是謂語動詞；

助動詞，情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語Iseeabeautifulgirl.（實義動詞）Sheisprettybeautiful.（系動詞）Idolikethisbook.（助動詞，復合謂語）Youshouldfinishyourhomeworktonight.（情態(tài)動詞，復合謂語）

Iseeabeautifulgirl.（原形）Heseesabeautifulgirl.（三單）Isawabeautifulgirl.（過去式）原形三單過去式Be+現(xiàn)在分詞=進行時Heis

readingabook.Be+及物動詞的過去分詞=被動語態(tài)Hewas

electedpresident.Have+過去分詞=完成時態(tài)Hehaswrittentheletter.Do+not+動詞原形=表否定Idonotseehim.Do+動詞原形=表強調(diào)Hedidworkhard.課堂練習Theteachersintheprogramdescribedhowtheyfounditdifficulttoputasidetheimmediatedemandsofothersinordertogivethemselvesthetimetheyneededtodeveloptheirreflectiveskills.Eliminatingthesecrecysurroundingpaybyopenlycommunicatingeveryone'sremuneration,publicizingperformancebonusesandallocatingan